1、無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻（文檔含中英文對照即英文原文和中文翻譯）譯文：一種無線數據采集和傳輸系統的設計【摘要】在現代無線通信領域主要有一些技術為無線傳輸網絡提供解決方法，例如：GSM,CDMA,3G,Wi-Fi。這些方法使得網絡能夠高效率和高質量的工作，但是成本很高。因此要低成本和在沒有基礎設施或者基礎設施被破壞的情況下推廣它們是很困難的。根據這種情況，本論文中數據采集和無線傳輸網絡里的信息終端和無線收發模塊的關鍵部件，是依據nRF905收發模塊和51系列單片機的原理設計而成作為核心硬件，止匕外，結合目前自組無線網絡的技術，可以構建一個短距離無無線數

2、據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻線數據采集和傳輸網絡，這個網絡能夠提供一個工作在ISM（工業科學醫學）頻段的低功率及高性能的數據通信系統。然后提出了一個對無線通信可行的解決方案，這個方案優勢在于更強的實時響應，更高的可靠性要求和更小的數據量。通過軟件和硬件的調試和實際測量，這個系統在我們的解決方案基礎上運行良好，達到了預期的目標并且已經成功的應用到無線車輛系統。【關鍵詞】自組網絡；數據采集；傳輸網絡1簡介在現代無線通信里，GSM,CDMA,3G和Wi-Fi因為其高速和可靠的質量而逐漸成為無線數據傳輸網絡的主流解決方案。它們也有高成本的缺點，因此如果廣泛的應用，將會引起大量的資源浪費，也不能在小區域

3、，低速率的數據通信中得到提升。多點短距離無線數據采集和傳輸網絡將成為最佳解決方案。此系統支持點對點，點對多點和多點對多點通信系統的發展。短距離無線通信可以適應各種不同的網絡技術，例如藍牙，IEEE802.11,家庭無線網和紅外。與遠距離無線通信網絡相比，它們的不同之處在于基本結構，應用水平，服務范圍和業務（數據，語音）。設計短距離無線通信網絡的最初目的是為了提供短距離寬帶無線接入到移動環境或者制定臨時網絡，這是在移動環境里互聯網更深的發展。短距離無線通信網絡最主要的優勢是更低的成本和更靈活的應用。本文介紹信息終端（單個器件）的硬件和軟件以及多點短距離無線數據采集和傳輸網絡的無線接收模塊的設計建

4、議，提供一個低功率高性無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻能的工作于ISM（工業科學醫學）頻段的無線數據通信系統。文章剩余部分由如下內容組成：在第二部分，我們描述了無線數據采集和傳輸系統的通用模塊圖表，第三部分，我們分析此系統硬件設計的關鍵技術，第四部分，介紹系統的軟件設計，第五部分，展示系統的測試結果，最后我們在第六部分闡述結論和進一步的工作。2系統實現模型1 .系統模型作為一個點對多點的多功能無線通信系統，它包含了一個中央監控系統和多個遠程終端單元（圖1）。實際上，遠程終端單元是一些在移動過程中可互相通信的移動電臺。另外，中央監控系統與遠程終端單元進行雙向通信。在下一部分，設計信息終端和控制

5、中心的軟件和硬件上的一些關鍵部件。2 .相關模型本論文中的系統是根據OSI（國際標準組織）中的OSI/RM模型里的第一層（物理層）和第二層（數據鏈路層）而設計的，如圖2所示。物理層的功能是通過建立電路和專用芯片組完成的。然而通信協議里的數據鏈路層是由軟件來實現的。3系統硬件設計為了設計，管理和更新的方便，一些硬件單元和節點根據它們的功能和電學特性被劃分成不同的模型。本設計以射頻收發芯片nRF905為核心,以模塊搭建設計為指導思想，搭建無線溫度采集系統，系統主要由數據無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻采集模塊和無線傳輸模塊組成。數據采集模塊以數字式溫度傳感器DS18B20監測溫度參數，并將監測的

6、溫度參數簡單處理后通過nRF905無線模塊發送到接收端口。無線數據傳輸模塊通過nRF905芯片進行數據收發處理,nRF905芯片的集成度較高，所需的外圍器件較少，因此整體的電路設計相對比較簡單點。本設計給出其與MSP430F449的接口電路設計和接收端通過電平轉換芯片MAX3232與PC機連接。并根據硬件特性及連接設計相應的軟件流程，并編寫軟件。通過相適應的無線傳輸模塊和數據采集模塊控制軟件的操控，保證整個硬件系統的流暢運作。系統基本結構中包含無線射頻收發模塊，控制處理模塊，通用串行接口模塊，數據緩沖存儲模塊以及多功能電源管理模塊等。1 .收發器和接收模塊在數據發送過程中，數據包將被調制到高頻

7、然后發送到目標無線射頻傳輸模塊，接收過程中，高頻信號通過無線射頻接收模塊又被解調成原始數據包。NRF905是無線射頻收發模塊的關鍵，它的頻率是16兆赫茲的晶體振蕩器。NRF905可以通過印刷式天線接收無線射頻信號，但是為了提高接收機的靈敏度和抗干擾能力，這種模塊也適用外部天線和濾波器電路。2 .控制處理模塊控制處理模塊包含MCU和外部電路，有兩個功能：一是使所有模塊在其控制下協調工作，二是處理和傳輸從接口來的數據，例如路由處理，數據打包，驗證和重傳請求。模塊的關鍵部件MCU是51系列單片機，考慮到工業功能，無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻WINBOND78LE546因其在8位CMOS微處理器

8、里較好的容量特性被而被應用，與2.4-2.5伏的寬電壓供電，256比特嵌入式RAM,16KBFlashEPROM以及64KB地址空間，四個8位標準I/O接口，一個標準I/O雙串行口相兼容。SCM的晶體振蕩器頻率是22.1184兆赫茲，電功率為3.3伏適合無線收發芯片里nRF905的邏輯水平。它的引腳通過與VCC相連受到保護并保持器穩定性。MCU與所有模塊的具體連接如表1所示。4系統軟件設計系統性能的真實取決于其有效性和合理的軟件控制。軟件設計是在硬件環境的基礎上開發一個無線網絡協議，為了到達設計目標，這個協議要有諸如數據傳輸，沖突避免，錯誤后重傳以及超時重試的功能。整個網絡由一個主機和許多分散

9、的終端組成，每個終端必須有一個無線收發節點（此系統支持Nrf905單片無線收發器），整個無線網絡的任何節點都有一個唯一認證地址對應一個唯一認證終端。為了方便起見，每個確定系統的終端無線收發器節點地址都是我們自己設定的4字節。為了提高系統的穩定性，協議被設置成停止-等待模式。在數據鏈路層，發送過程大概如下：首先，數據源發送一個連接請求道數據目標，得到數據源的響應后傳輸數據。接著，每一次傳輸都要等待接收方的回應。如果響應正確，另一次的傳輸才會開始。當所有數據傳輸完后，數據源將發送一個釋放信道請求，當收到接收方的響應后傳輸結束。接收過程如下：在接收方給數據源響應后將收到數據，然后會發送一個有效或無效

10、的響應，直到收到拆除鏈路請求。接下來，保存數據且發送一個無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻響應來結束整個過程。5系統測試任何兩個節點之間的通信大都可以通過點對點來測試，因此在系統測試過程中，A節點和B節點之間的通信模型對測試圖解來說是一個很好的樣本，就像圖10。閉環測試電路是通過PC帶雙串口以及兩個RS32口和通信節點A和B建立起來的。在一個終端，數據時通過串口測試輔助工具“串口助手V2.2”發送，在另一端，監控著返回的數據。數據通過PC的串口A,RS32口發送，然后數據緩沖，最后成功到達終端無線收發器模塊。然而,數據接收過程是SPI串口，數據緩沖，然后RS32口，最后才是PC。在本論文中，根

11、據以收發器nRF905和51系列單片機作為核心硬件的原理設計一個低功耗高性能的無線數據通信系統。提出無線數據通信一個可行的解決方案，這個解決方案適合于強大的實時響應，高可靠性要求和小數據量，被廣泛的應用于各種領域，例如數據通信，環境監測和安全保衛系統。我們相信在軟件設計進一步精煉和提高以后集成和智能通信協議將會實現。測試過程中，用數字示波器監測通信節點A、B,RS32口和SPI口的數據傳輸。在接下來的部分，通過分析來自MOSI/SCK和MISO/SCK的信息來驗證系統的正確性。6總結在本論文中，根據以收發器nRF905和51系列單片機作為核心硬件的原理設計一個低功耗高性能的無線數據通信系統。提

12、出無線數據通信無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻一個可行的解決方案，這個解決方案適合于強大的實時響應，高可靠性要求和小數據量，被廣泛的應用于各種領域，例如數據通信，環境監測和安全保衛系統。我們相信在軟件設計進一步精煉和提高以后集成和智能通信協議將會實現。無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻原文：TheDesignofaWirelessDataAcquisitionandTransmissionSystemAbstract：Inthefieldofmodernwirelesscommunication,therearemainlysometechnologiesthatprovidesolutio

13、nstothewirelessdatatransmissionnetwork,suchas:GSM,CDMA,3GWi-Fi.Thesesolutionsmakenetworkworkwithhighefficiencyandgoodquality,butstillwithhighcost.Soitwasdifficultyinpopularizinginwithlowcostandatthecircumstanceofinfrasturelessorinfrastructuredestruction.Accordingtothissituation,inthispaper,thekeycom

14、ponentsoftheInformationTerminalandthewirelessreceivingmodulesonthedatacollectionandwirelesstransmissionnetworkweredesignedwiththeprincipleoftransceivernRF905and51seriesofsingle-chipcomputerasthecorehardware,besides,combiningwiththecurrenttechnologyontheWirelessAdHocNetworks,ashort-rangwirelessdatasa

15、mplingandtransmissionnetworkwasputtingup,whichprovidesalow-poweredandhigh-performancewirelessdatacommunicationsystem,worksintheISM(IndustrialScientificMedical)Band.Then,anavailablesolutiontothewirelessdatacommunicationswasputforward,andthissolutionwasgoodatstrongerreal-timeresponse,higherreliability

16、requirementandsmallerdataamount.Throughsoftwareandhardwaredebuggingandactualmeasuring,thissystembasedonoursolutionhadworkwell,reachedtheexpectedgoalandbeenalreadysuccessfullyappliedto無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻WirelessvehicleSystem.IndexTermsAdHocNetwork;dataacquisition;transmissionnetwork.I. INTRODUCTIONInmo

17、dernwirelesscommunication,GSM,CDMA,3G,andWi-Fibecomethemainstreamsolutionofwirelessdatatransmissionnetworkbecauseoftheirhighspeedandreliablequality.Theyalsohavetheshortcomingsofhighcost,sowiderapplicationwouldcauseagreatwasteofresources,andtheycannotbepromotedinsmallregional,lowspeeddatacommunicatio

18、ns.Multi-pointshort-rangewirelessdatacollectionandtransmissionnetworkwillbethebestsolution.Thesystemsupportsthedevelopmentofcommunicationsystemofpeer-to-peer,point-to-multipoint,andmultipoint-to-multipoint.Short-rangewirelesscommunicationcanadoptdifferentnetworktechnologies,suchasBluetooth1,IEEE802.

19、112,HomeRF3andInfrared4.Comparedwithlong-distancewirelesscommunicationnetwork,theyaredifferentinthebasicstructure,theapplicationlevel,servicerange,andbusiness(data,voice).Theoriginalintentionofdesignofshort-rangewirelesscommunicationnetworkistoprovideshort-distancebroadbandwirelessaccesstomobileenvi

20、ronmentorformulationoftemporarynetwork,itisthefurtherdevelopmentofinternetinmobileenvironment.Themainadvantageofshort-rangewirelesscommunicationnetworkislowercostandmoreflexibleuse.Thispaperpresentsthedesignproposalofhardwareandsoftwareofinformationterminal(amachine)andwirelessreceivermoduleofmulti-

21、pointshort-rangewireless無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻datacollectionandtransmissionnetwork,whichprovidesalow-poweredandhigh-performancewirelessdatacommunicationsystem,worksintheISM(IndustrialScientificMedical)Band.Theremainderofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.InSectionH,wedescribethegeneralblockdiagramofthewireles

22、sdataacquisitionandtransmissionsystem.InsectionHI,weanalyzethekeytechnologiesaboutthesystemhardwaredesign.Insection,thesystemsoftwaredesignisintroduced.InsectionV,thetestingresultsofsystemispresented.Finally,wepresenttheconclusionandfutureworkinSectionVI.II. SYSTEMIMPLEMENTATIONMODELA. SystemModelAs

23、apointtomulti-pointsmulti-missionwirelesscommunicationsystem,itconsistsofonecentralmonitoringsystem(CMS)andMultipleRemoteTerminalUnits(RTU)(figure1).Infact,thisremoteterminalunitissomekindofremovablestationswhichcancommunicatewithotherstationsintheprocessofmotion.Furthermore,theCMScommunicatewithRTU

24、inbidirectionalway.Inthenextpart,somepivotalsegmentonsoftwareandhardwareoftheinformationterminalandcontrolcenterwasdesigned.B. ReferenceModelThesysteminthispaperisdesignedbasedonthefirstlayer(thephysicallayer)andthesecondlayer(thedatalinklayer)ofthearchitectureofOSI/RM(OpenSystemsInterconnectionRefe

25、renceModel)thattheISO(International10無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻OrganizationforStandardization)proposed,suchasfigure2.Thefunctionofthephysicallayerisfinishedthroughconstructingthecircuitandspecialchips.Otherwise,communicationprotocolsinthedatalinklayerarerealizedbysoftware.m.THEHARDWAREDESIGNOFTHESYSTEMForthe

26、sakeoftheconvenienceofdesign,maintenanceandupdate,somehardwarecircuitcellandnodewasdividedintosomedifferentmoduleaccordingtofunctionalandelectriccharacteristic.ThereareRFTransceivermodule5,controllinganddealingmodule,UniversalSerialinterfacemodule,databufferandstoragemoduleandmultifunctionalpowerman

27、agementmoduleinthebasicstructure(Figure2).Intheprocessofsending,thedatapackageshouldbeenModulatedwithHighfrequencyandsenttoobjectRFTransmittingmodule,intheprocessofreceiving,thehighfrequencysignalhavebeendemodulatedtooriginaldatapackagethroughtheRFreceivermodule.NRF9055isthekeyofRFTransceivermodulew

28、hosefrequencyis16MHzCrystalOscillator.NRF905canreceivetheRFsignalbyPrintedAntenna,butthismoduleadoptstheexternalantennaandFilterCircuitsinordertoimprovethereceiversensitivityandanti-jammingability.B. ControllingandTreatingmodueThecontrollingandtreatingmoduleconsistsofMCUandexternalcircuit,ithavetwof

29、unctions:onemadeallmodule'workingundercontrolandharmony;theotherfunctionistreatingandtransmittingthedatagotfromii無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻interface,suchasrouterprocessing,datapackaging,verificationandrepeatingrequest.Module,keyMCUis51seriesmicroprocessor,andconsideringtheindustrialfunction,theWINBONDwas

30、appliedinthispracticalexperimentbecauseofit'sgoodcapability8-bitCMOSmicroprocessor,compatibilitywith2.4-5.5Vwidevoltageelectricsupply,256BytesembeddedRAM,16KBFlashEPROMand64KBaddressingspace,four8BitstandardI/Ointerfaces,onestandardI/Odualserialinterface.TheCrystalOscillatorfrequencyofSCMis22.11

31、84MHz,andtheelectricpoweris3.3VtoadaptingtonRF905logicallevelinwirelesstransceiverchip.TheimpendingPINwasprotectedbyconnectingwithVCCtokeepingitsstability.ThespecificconnectionbetweenMCUandallmodulesisdescribedinTABLAE1.C. MultifunctionalElectricPowerManagementModuleThemostremarkablecharacteristicis

32、compatibilitywith8-24VwidevoltageelectricsupplyincludingCMOSpowerandTTLpower,respectivelyin5Vand3.3V,whichprovidedallmoduleswiththesuitableandstablepower.Meanwhile,itmeanssomuchinenergysourcesavingbecauseofitselectronicswitch.ThepowersupplytransferchipC851414andAS-1117-3.3istheprimaryingredientinthi

33、smodule.TheC851414madetheelectricvoltagetransferfrom8Vto24V,then,theAS-1117-3.3madeitfrom5Vto3.3V.Furthermore,suitablefiltercapacitanceandinductancewasintroducedtomakepower'sripplecharacteristicperfectaspossible.D. UniversalSerialInterfaceModule12無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻ThemainfunctionofUniversalSerial

34、interfacemoduleisconnectinguniversalterminalequipment,suchassignaloutputequipmentoranalogcollectionequipmentwithADtransfer.Atthesametime,itprovidesentrancetothecomputerterminaldataexchangethroughuniversalRS232serialinterface.E. DataBufferandStorageModuleIthastwokindsoffunction,oneisdatabuffer,theoth

35、erisdatastorage,respectivelyperformedby32KByteRAMand16KByteEEPROM.Databufferdistrictsupervisebufferingsometemporarydata,suchastransmitdata,waitingdata.Datastoragedistrictsupervisesomefixeddatamemory,suchasrouterdata,localhost,localaddressandsomereneweddataforpower-offprotective.F.HighFrequencyShield

36、ingProtectingMouduleInordertopreventelectromagneticinterferencefromenvironment,circuitinourdesigningsystemisprotectedwithmetalenclosure.Atthesametime,preventingthedigitalcircuitinterferefromtheradiofrequencycircuitinthesystem,weplacedthetwocircuitsindifferentisolatedbin,suchasfigure3.Thereisasmallho

37、lewithdiameterlessthan1/4wavelengthinthemetalboxside,whichiseithereasytopassthelineorpreventtheelectromagneticwavefromgettinginit.IV.SYSTEMSOFTWAREDESIGNTherealizationofsystemperformancedependsonitseffectiveandreasonablesoftwarecontrol.Thedesignofthissoftwareisonthebasisofthehardware13無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻

38、譯文獻environmenttodevelopmentawirelessnetworkprotocolthathavefunctionsasdatatransmission,avoidingconflict,theretransmissionwhenerroroccurs,andovertimeretry,inordertoachievethedesigngoal.Theentirenetworkiscomposedofahostandmanyscatteredterminals,eachterminalmusthaveawirelesstransceivernode(thissystemad

39、optsnRF905single-chipRFtransceiver),anynodesoftheentirewirelessnetworkhasauniqueidentifiedaddresswhichiscomposedofanuniqueidentifiedterminal.Forconvenience'ssake,eachterminalwirelesstransceivern(ddeessesoftheactualsystemissetbyourselves(4bytes).Inordertoimprovethereliabilityofthesystem,theprotoc

40、olisdesignedasstop-waitmode.Indatalinklayer,thesendprocessisroughlyasfollow.Firstly,thedatasourcessendaconnectionrequesttothedatatargets,anditwilltransferdataafterthedatasourcesrespond.Thenwaitforresponsefromdatatargetaftereachtransmission.Iftheresponseiscorrect,anothertransmissionwillstart.Afterall

41、thedatatransmissionisdone,thedatasourcewillsendarequesttoreleasechannelresources,thetransmissionisfinishedwhentheresponsefromthetargetisreceived.Thereceiveprocessisasfollow:thedatatargetwillreceivedataaftergivearesponsetothesource,andwillgiveaeffectiveoruneffectiveresponse,untilreceiveademolitionreq

42、uest.Then,savethedataandsendaresponsetoendtheentireprocess.datavaluesareseriallytransferred,pumpedintoashiftregisterandaretheninternallyavailableforparallelprocessing.Herewealreadyseeanimportantpoint,thatmustbe14無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻consideredinthephilosophyofSPIbussystems:Thelengthoftheshiftregistersis

43、notfixed,butcandifferfromdevicetodevice.Normallytheshiftregistersare8Bitorintegralmultiplesofit.Ofcoursetherealsoshiftregisterswithanoddnumberofbits.Forexampletwocascaded9BitEEPROMscanstore18Bitdata.IfaSPIdeviceisnotselected,itsdataoutputgoesintoahigh-impedancestate,sothatitdoesnotinterferewiththecu

44、rrentlyactivateddevices.WhencascadingseveralSPIdevices,theyaretreatedasoneslaveandthereforeconnectedtothesamechipselect5.Infigure4thecascadeddevicesareevidentlylookedatasonelargerdeviceandreceivethereforethesamechipselect.ThedataoutputoftheprecedingdeviceistiedtothedataV.SYSTEMTESTINGBecausecommunic

45、ationbetweenanytwonodesmaybetestedthroughpointtopoint,inthissystemTestingProcess,communicationmodelbetweennodeAandnodeBisagoodexamplefortestingschematicdiagram,justlikefigure10.Closed-looptestingcircuitisputupthroughPCwithdoubleserialportsandtwoRS232portsandcommunicationnodeAandB.Ononeterminal,dataw

46、assentthroughserialporttestingauxiliarytool“serialportassistantV2.2"ontheotherterminal,returningdataismonitored.DataissentthroughPCsserialportA,RS232port,thendatabufferandfinallywirelesstransceivermodulesuccessively.However,theprocessofdatareceivingwasSPIserial,databuffer,thenRS232port,finallyPC.IntInthispaper,alow-poweredandhigh-performancewirelessdatacommunication15無線數據采集和傳輸系統外文翻譯文獻systemweredesignedwiththeprincipleoftransceivernRF905and51seriesofsi