1、lDear editor,As the college entrance examination is drawing near, we senior high school students are occupied with busy work. To a certain extent, PE class is our only chance to relax and enjoy ourselves at school. However, it is a pity that our present PE class is quite dull and sometimes even repl

2、aced by other subjects.Not only can PE class build our body but also can shape our personality. It serves to develop our awareness of cooperation and spirit of competition. Therefore, personally I hold the view that it would be a great loss to us students if it were replaced by other lessons. Meanwh

3、ile, I think the teacher can design and organize some fun sports besides dull field and track practice or ball games, where everyone can be involved and have fun as well. After all, not everybody thinks running, jumping or ball games appealing.I hope PE class can not only enrich our school life but

4、also enable everyone to find his or her own pleasure in it. On the night of August 8, 2008, the opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games _ (hold) in Beijing.was heldEnglish Basic Tenses (時態時態)& Voices(語態）語態）近五年動詞的時態和語態近五年動詞的時態和語態在高考中的復現率在高考中的復現率考點年份一般一般現在現在時時現在現在進行進行時時現在現在完成完成時時現在現在完成完成進行進行時時一

5、般一般過去過去時時過去過去進行進行時時過去過去完成完成時時一般一般將來將來時時過去過去將來將來時時總題量200820081 11 11 13 3200920091 11 13 35 5201020102 22 21 15 5201120112 22 2201220121 12 23 3時態和語態的主要考點時態和語態的主要考點1、考查在語境中判斷動詞時態的運用能力。常考的、考查在語境中判斷動詞時態的運用能力。常考的時態為時態為：一般現在時、一般現在時、現在進行時、現在完成時、現在進行時、現在完成時、現在完成進行時、一般將來時、現在完成進行時、一般將來時、一般過去時、一般過去時、過去進行時、過去完

6、成時、過去進行時、過去完成時、 過去將來時過去將來時等等。2、時間、條件、讓步時間、條件、讓步等等狀語從句狀語從句中動詞的時態；中動詞的時態；主從句時態主從句時態呼應問題。呼應問題。3、延續性動詞延續性動詞和和終止性動詞終止性動詞的用法區別。的用法區別。4、及物動詞（及物動詞（vt.)的被動語態。的被動語態。5、某些以、某些以主動形式表被動意義的動詞主動形式表被動意義的動詞的用法。的用法。. 一般現在時一般現在時 ( The Present Indefinite )1)表經常性、習慣性的動作或狀態，常與表示表經常性、習慣性的動作或狀態，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用，如頻率的時間狀語連用，如alw

7、ays, often/ usually/frequently, sometimes, every, at ,on Sundays/.動詞的時態動詞的時態 （ Tenses) Fill in the blanks.I _ (study) hard abroad every day and I _ (get) along well with my roommates, but sometimes I _ (miss) my families.studygetmiss Correct the sentence.The geography teacher told us that the earth

8、moved around the sun. _2)表客觀事實、普遍真理。表客觀事實、普遍真理。注意：注意：主語為第三人稱單數（主語為第三人稱單數（he/she/it或單個或單個的人名、單個的事物名稱）的人名、單個的事物名稱）謂語動詞謂語動詞+s/es,其余人稱作主語謂語動詞用原形其余人稱作主語謂語動詞用原形. movesThe shop will close at 9:00 p.m. _3) 表示按表示按計劃、規定，時間表計劃、規定，時間表將要發生的動作將要發生的動作或存在的狀態或存在的狀態, 一般用于一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive,

9、 return等等位移位移/終止性動詞終止性動詞，常與時間狀語連用常與時間狀語連用The train leaves at 6 tomorrow morning.When does the bus start? It starts in 2 minutes. closesl4.在部分倒裝句中，表示動作正在進行。在部分倒裝句中，表示動作正在進行。lThere goes the bell.=The bell is ringing. Here comes the bus. =The bus is coming.2) 表示目前表示目前這段時間這段時間內正在進行的動作內正在進行的動作,但說話時動作未必正在

10、進行。但說話時動作未必正在進行。We _ (have) English class now.are havingShe _ (learn) piano under Mr. Smithat present.is learningl Translate the sentence.l這個女孩老是在公共場所高談闊論。The girl is always talking loud in public.進行時態與進行時態與always, often/usually/ frequently/ constantly/all the time等頻度副詞等頻度副詞連用，表經常反復的行動或說話人贊嘆或厭惡等連用，表

11、經常反復的行動或說話人贊嘆或厭惡等感情色彩感情色彩 .3) 現在進行時用來表示按計劃即將發生的現在進行時用來表示按計劃即將發生的動作動作,多用于多用于位移位移/終止性動詞終止性動詞,如如: come, go, arrive, leave, stay, fly, take off.I_ (leave) tomorrow._ you _ (stay) here till next week?am leavingArestayingl4.現在進行時可以表示現在不斷發展變化的事現在進行時可以表示現在不斷發展變化的事情。情。lIts late Autumn. The weather is getting

12、 colder and colder.lAll the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School. _belongl(1)表心理狀態、情感的動詞表心理狀態、情感的動詞：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。l(2) 表存在的狀態動詞表存在的狀態動詞：have, appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。l(3) 瞬間動詞瞬間動詞：begin/start,

13、 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。l(4)感官動詞感官動詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。【注意注意】 一般情況下，下面一般情況下，下面4類動詞無進行時態：類動詞無進行時態：l現在進行時的標志：現在進行時的標志：lNow, right now, at this moment, look, listenl 暫時性動作和永久性動作暫時性動作和永久性動作 She is living in the country. l 她現在住在農村。（暫時）她現在住在農村。（暫時）

14、 She lives in the country. l她住在農村。（永久）她住在農村。（永久）l 有感情色彩和沒有感情色彩有感情色彩和沒有感情色彩 He is doing well at school. l 他在學校表現很好。（贊揚）他在學校表現很好。（贊揚） He does well at school. l他在學校表現很好。（一般事實）他在學校表現很好。（一般事實）l暫時性動作和經常性動作暫時性動作和經常性動作l The computer is working perfectly. l計算機運轉得很好。（暫時）計算機運轉得很好。（暫時） The computer works perfec

15、tly. l計算機運轉很好。（一直如此）計算機運轉很好。（一直如此）l 持續性動作和短暫性動作持續性動作和短暫性動作l The bus is stopping. 車停了下來。（漸漸地）車停了下來。（漸漸地） The bus stops. 車停了。（迅速）車停了。（迅速） l3This machine _. It hasnt worked for years. ( 2006浙江卷浙江卷)l A. didnt work B. wasnt workinglC. doesnt work D. isnt workingl2. Have you handed in your schoolwork yet?

16、l Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. 2007 遼寧卷遼寧卷 l A. has graded B. is graded l C. is being graded D. is grading現在完成時現在完成時(The present Perfect Tense) 1). 現在完成時表示從過去開始，一直延續到現在完成時表示從過去開始，一直延續到現在的動作或狀態現在的動作或狀態, 通常用于通常用于延續性動詞延續性動詞. 常與表一段時間的狀語連用常與表一段時間的狀語連用,如如:so far, up to/till now, lately/recently, in/duri

17、ng/over the last/past , since, for 等等He _ (live) in Guiyang over the past 6 years.has lived2).表示過去的某一動作對現在造成的影響表示過去的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果或結果,常用的時間狀語有常用的時間狀語有: just ,already, yet,ever, never, once，twice，many times等等.We _ (finish) our lunch already._ you ever _ (try) this method? have finishedHavetried注意：注意

18、： I have received his letter for a month. （錯）（錯） I havent received his letter for almost a month. （對）（對）非延續性非延續性/瞬間瞬間/終止性動詞終止性動詞的否定形式可以的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用于完成時態中，與表示一段時間的狀語連用于完成時態中，即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。即動作不發生的狀態是可以持續的。如：如：begin/start, find, see, marry, buy，borrow, return, die, get等。等。1.Daniel _ (live) in

19、Beijing since he came to China.2.The boys are tired. They _ (just play) a ball game.3. I went to Egypt in 1986. Then in 2004 I went there again. I _ (be) to Egypt twice.has livedhave just playedhave beensince和和for 填空 since +_ , 用來說明動作起始時間用來說明動作起始時間 for+_ , 用來說明動作延續時間。用來說明動作延續時間。 I have lived here _

20、at least twenty years.I have lived here _ I was born. 時間點時間點時間段時間段forsince 固定的特殊句型：固定的特殊句型： 1).It is (has been) +一段時間 +since-clause. 2)This (That/It) is the first (second) time + that-clause (現在完成時). 3)This (That/It) is the best/ finest /most interesting + that-clause （現在完成時）.Tips: Multiple choice -

21、 Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. paintedB. had painted C. have been paintingD. have paintedNow that she is out of a job, Lucy_ going back to school, but she _ yet. A had considered, hadnt decided B has been considering, hasnt decided C considered, didnt decid

22、e D is going to consider, wont decideCB現在完成進行時現在完成進行時表示表示從過去開始的一個動從過去開始的一個動作一直持續到現在，而且還在進行當中作一直持續到現在，而且還在進行當中。強調的是強調的是“從過去到現在一直在進行從過去到現在一直在進行”。其時間的判定由具體的時間段或上下句的語境決定。 現在完成時和現在完成進行時都表示動作從過去開始，但現在完成時可表示事件或動作剛結束，而現在完成進行時則強調動作仍在繼續。現在完成時和現在完成進行時的對比：_past&pastpastnowfuture_past&pastpastnowfuturePP

23、T:havedonehavebeendoingPPCT Li Jia _ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.) Li Jia _ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.)hasreadhasbeenreading 一般過去時一般過去時 ( The Simple Past Tense ) 1.表過去發生了的動作或存在的狀態。表過去發生了的動作或存在的狀態。常與表過去的時間連用。如常與表過去的時間連用。如 yesterd

24、ay, last , ago, in , then, just now, the other day等。等。I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends in the countrysideseveral years ago.spentl2.表示說話人始料未及的事情 ，要用一般過去時。lI didnt know it was you.lI never expect you would bring me a gift. 高考題點擊：高考題點擊：1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _!

25、A. promises B. promisedC. will promise D. had promised2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. A. marriedB. didnt marry C. was not marryingD. would marry說明說明：until 修飾的動詞必須是修飾的動詞必須是延續性動詞延續性動詞并且為并且為肯定形式，肯定形式，表示該動作一直持續到表示該動作一直持續到 until 后的時間為止后的時間為止；終止性動詞；終止性動詞只能用在只能用在否定句否定句中，表示直到此時該動作才開始。中，表示直到此時該動作才開始。B

26、B3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say4. I think the film was interesting, but it isnt. _Dthought(1) During the summer of 2010 she _ (tr

27、avel) in Europe.was traveling過去進行時過去進行時 The past continuous tense規則規則1：過去某一時刻或某一階段內正在進行或過去某一時刻或某一階段內正在進行或頻繁發生的動作頻繁發生的動作.(3) I _ (wonder) if you could give me a lift.was wondering規則規則3：過去進行時可以表示委婉語氣過去進行時可以表示委婉語氣.(2) I met Diana while I _ (shop) this morning. 規則規則2：某一動作發生時另一動作正在發生，常某一動作發生時另一動作正在發生，常用于

28、由用于由when/while, as引導的時間狀語從句中引導的時間狀語從句中.was shopping僅限于僅限于wonder， want, hope等，用于提出請求。等，用于提出請求。5. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read was fallingB. was reading fell C. was reading was fallingD. read fell說明說明：一般來說在復合句中的兩個動作，延續性的動作大都用進行時，短暫性的動作用一般時，表示在某個動作進行的過程當中另一個動作發生了。B7. The little girl

29、 _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried, lostB. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lostD. cries, has lost 8. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought they _ without me. Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad

30、 gone BD表示過去的過去，即過去某個時間或動作之前表示過去的過去，即過去某個時間或動作之前發生的事情或存在的狀態。發生的事情或存在的狀態。lBytheendoflastmonthwehaveviewedscoresofwebsites._hadWe arrived earlier than we_ (expect).had expected/expected to規則規則2：表示未曾實現的愿望、打算、意圖、承諾等。：表示未曾實現的愿望、打算、意圖、承諾等。常用常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended / thought / wanted / exp

31、ected(that/to do)或用或用上述動詞的過去式接不定式完成式表示，即：上述動詞的過去式接不定式完成式表示，即：hoped / planned to (have done)。lThey had been learning abroad for 6 years till last month.lBob _(serve) in the army before he became a journalist.過去完成進行時過去完成進行時 The past perfect continuous tense結構：結構：had been + v-ing表示過去某個時間或動作之前一直進行的事情。表示

32、過去某個時間或動作之前一直進行的事情。had been servingThe employer _ (interview) all the employees next Wednesday. Professor Smith _ (lecture) on modern drama tonight. The dark clouds is/was gathering. There _ (be) a storm.will interview一般一般(過去過去)將來時將來時( The Simple/Past Future Tense )表示表示(過去過去)將來將來/要發生的動作或存在的狀態。要發生的動作

33、或存在的狀態。1. will/would +v.is going to lecture表表(過去過去)計劃、安排、打算、預測將要做某事。計劃、安排、打算、預測將要做某事。2. am/is/are(was/were) going to +v.is/was going to belThey will say/said goodbye, little knowing they _ never _ (meet) again.lHe _ (apologize) to me when someone gave a sudden blow on his shoulder.will(would)/are(we

34、re)meet/to meet3. am/is/are(was/were) to do sth.表按計劃、安表按計劃、安排排(過去過去)即將發生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、即將發生的動作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等禁止、可能性等.was about to apologize4. am/is/are(was/were) about to do sth. (when) “正正/就要做某事就要做某事” （不與具體時間連用）（不與具體時間連用）lI _ (enjoy) the beautiful sunshine bath in Florida this weekend.lWe _ (acco

35、mplish) the service task in this community before next Saturday.will be enjoying將來進行時將來進行時 The Future Continous Tense表將來某個時間正在進行的動作。表將來某個時間正在進行的動作。 will be +v-ingwill have accomplished將來完成時將來完成時 The Future Perfect Tense表將來某個時間已經完成的事情。表將來某個時間已經完成的事情。 will have +v.ppl1. - Can I join the club, Dad?l -

36、You can when you _ a bit older. l A. get B. will getlC. are gettingD. will have gotl2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. l A. have survivedB. are to survivel C. would surviveD. will surviveABl3. The WTO cant live up to its name unless it will include a country that

37、is home to one-fifth of mankind. _l4. Japan will never be recovered/restored even if it will return Diaoyu Islands to China. _ 5. The harder you will study, the better results you will get. _doesdoeswill 含有狀語從句的主從復合句時態含有狀語從句的主從復合句時態主將從現主將從現。l1. I dont think _.l他（將）通過（了）駕駛測試。他（將）通過（了）駕駛測試。l2. The Whi

38、tes expected _Tonny 能出國深造。能出國深造。he will pass (passed) the driving testTonny could study further abroad主句為一般現在時，（賓語）從句可為任主句為一般現在時，（賓語）從句可為任何時態；主句為過去時，（賓語）從句跟何時態；主句為過去時，（賓語）從句跟相應的過去時態。相應的過去時態。3. See to it/Make sure that you _ (be) not late again.4. They dont care who _ (take) charge of such activity n

39、ext time.are在在make sure, see to it, mind, care, matter后的后的賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替一般將來時。賓語從句的謂語動詞用一般現在時代替一般將來時。takes1. Leave it with me and I _ what I can do. A. see B. seeing C. am seeing D. will see2. Please give blood if you can or some lives _. A. scare away B. could scare away C. scared away D. to sca

40、re awayDB在祈使句在祈使句and/or/陳述句句型中，陳述句句型中，陳述句中只能用陳述句中只能用will /情態動詞動詞原形。情態動詞動詞原形。Remember下列句型下列句型It is(has been)/was 一段時間一段時間 since(did/had done) This(That/It) is /was the first(second)time thathave(has) done/ had done This(That/It)is/was the onlythathave(has) done/ had done This(That/It)is/was the best

41、/ finest / most interesting thathave(has) done/ had doneWe had no sooner been seated than the bus started.l= Hardly/Scarcely _ we been seated when the bus started.l= The bus started as soon as we were seated.hadHardly/scarcely過去完成時過去完成時+when 一般過去時一般過去時No sooner過去完成時過去完成時+than一般過去時一般過去時1. Since I won

42、 the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 2. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have change

43、d D. will changeDA3. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning C4. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A. will graduateB. will have graduated C. graduatesD. is t

44、o graduate5. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A. will not be, will knowB. is, will know C. will not be, knowD. is, knowCC6. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left 7. We were all surprised when he made

45、 it clear that he _ office soon. A. leavesB. would leaveC. leftD. had leftCBRemember: by“到到為止，在為止，在以前以前”表時間其后句子用完成時態。表時間其后句子用完成時態。8. -Oh, its you! I _ you.-Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognizedC. havent recognized D. dont recognize 9. AAl10. When I

46、was at college I _three foreign languages,but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten11. - I havent heard from Henry for a long time. - What do you suppose _ to him? A. was happening B. to happen C

47、. has happened D. had happened12. Jack _ a postman for about six years. A. has become B. has turned C. has changed D.has beenBCD 動詞語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。動詞語態有兩種：主動語態和被動語態。主語是動作的發出者為主動語態；主語是動作的發出者為主動語態； 主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。主語是動作的接受者為被動語態。動詞謂語部分結構：動詞謂語部分結構：be + v.pp時態時態主動主動被動被動一般現在時一般現在時do/does現在進行時現在進行時am/is/ar

48、e doing現在完成時現在完成時have/has done一般過去時一般過去時did過去進行時過去進行時was/were doing過去完成時過去完成時had done一般將來時一般將來時will do將來完成時將來完成時will have doneam/is/are doneam/is/are being donehave/has been donewas/were donewas/were being donehad been donewill be donewill have been done及物動詞及物動詞(vt.)有被動語態，不及物動詞有被動語態，不及物動詞(vi.)或或短語無被

49、動語態短語無被動語態.比較：比較： rise是不及物動詞；是不及物動詞；raise是及物動詞。是及物動詞。 The price has been risen.The price has risen. The price has raised. The price has been raised.The accident was happened last week.The accident happened last week.(錯錯)(對對)(錯錯)(對對)(錯錯)(對對) 主動和被動主動和被動 一、一、 get doneThe patient got treated once a week

50、. He got injured while searching for the lost boy in the woods. Try to avoid _ (受傷害）受傷害） while being in love with others.getting hurtCleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A. payB. paying C. paidD. to payC 二、二、主動形式表被動意義主動形式表被動意義 The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical

51、. The yogurt in the fridge _ (已經變質）已經變質）. has gone bad1. 連系動詞連系動詞look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep + adj. 構成系表結構構成系表結構,主動表被動。主動表被動。2. 表示開始、結束、運動的動詞。如表示開始、結束、運動的動詞。如:begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move 等等主動表被動。主動表被動。Wor