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1、初中英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法歸納情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有具體的詞義,但也同助動(dòng)詞一樣,需要與其他詞語一起構(gòu)成句子的謂語,另外情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后必須跟動(dòng)詞原形??键c(diǎn)一: can, may, must 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在陳述句中的用法:1. can 的用法:( 1 ) . 表示能力、許可、可能性。表示能力時(shí)一般譯為 “能、會 ” , 即有種能力,尤其是生來具備的能力,此時(shí) may 和 must 均不可代替它。 如: She can swim fast, but I can 她能游得很快, t .但我不能。 I can see withmy eyes. 我用眼睛看。(2) .表示許可,常在口語中。如:You
2、 can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。(3) .表示推測,意為 “可能 ”, 常用于否定句和疑問句中, 此時(shí)cant 譯為 “不可能 ”。 如: Can the newsbe true?這個(gè)消息會是真的嗎?一Can it be our teacher?那個(gè)人有可能是我們老師嗎?一No, it can t be ourteacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall. 不可能。咱們老師正在游覽長城呢?!纠}】 I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would g
3、o there. No. She _be there, I have just been there. A.can t B.mustn t C.needn t D.wouldn t【解析】根據(jù)下文 “我剛?cè)ミ^那兒”可知,應(yīng)為“不可能 ” ,cant 表示推測 答案 A2. could 的用法:(1 ) .can 的過去式,意為“能、 會 ”,表示過去的能力。如: He could write poems when he was 10. 他十歲時(shí)就會寫詩。(2) . could在疑問句中,表示委婉的語氣,此時(shí)could沒有過去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour?你能幫
4、我個(gè)忙嗎?Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎 ? 一 Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)3. may 的用法:(1) .表示請求、 許可, 比 can 正式, 如: May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行車嗎? You may go home now. 現(xiàn)在你可以回家了?!纠}】 I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would【解析】在此處表示請求,意為“做可以嗎。答案:A(2) .表示推測,談?wù)摽赡苄裕鉃?“可能, 或許 ”,一般用
5、于肯定句中。 如: It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能會下雨。 She may be at home. 她可能在家呢 .(3) .may 的過去式為might , 表示推測時(shí)。 可能性低于may。 如: He is away from school. He might be sick.他離開學(xué)校了,可能是他生病了。(4) .表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可譯為祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V例如:May you have a good time.祝你過得愉快。 May you be happy! 祝你幸福! May you succeed !祝你成功!4. must 的用法:(1
6、) .must 表示主觀看法,意為 “必須、一定 ”。 如: You must stay here until I come back. 在我回來之前你必須呆在這兒。 Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必須現(xiàn)在交作業(yè)嗎?(2) 其否定形式mustn t 表示 “一定不要 ” 千萬別“ ” 禁止“ , 不許 ”. 如: You mustn t play with fire. 你不許玩火。You mustn t be late.你一定不要遲到。( 3 ) 對 must 引導(dǎo)的疑問句, 肯定回答為must, 否定回答為needn t 或 don t hav
7、e to 如:. Must I finish myhomework?我現(xiàn)在必須完成作業(yè)嗎?一No, you needn不t.你不必。(4)must表示有把握的推測,用于肯定句。如 :The light is on, so he must be at home now.燈亮著,他現(xiàn)在肯定在家。注意其反意問句的構(gòu)成形式:當(dāng)must表示肯定的判斷、推測時(shí),其反意疑問句要用實(shí)際問句的助動(dòng)詞來構(gòu)成。如: She must have seen the film before , hasn t she?(意反意疑問句的后半部分 )You must have met uncle Wang in the sho
8、p yesterday, didn t you通意反意疑問句的后半部分)5. need 的用法:( 1 ) .need 表示需要、必須,主要用于否定句和疑問句中,其否定形式為neednt ,意為 “沒有必要,不必” 。用 need 提問時(shí), 肯定回答為must, 否定回答為neednt 或 don t have to。 如: Need I stay here any longer?我還有必要留在這兒嗎?一Yes, you must.是的。一No. you needn t /don t haveto, 你不必。(2) .need 還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 此時(shí)有人稱、 數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化, 如果是人作主語
9、后邊多接動(dòng)詞不定式。 如: I needto do it right now. 我需要馬上做這件事。 He needs to learn more about the girl. 他需要多了解那個(gè)女孩。如果是物作主語,一般用 need doing與need to be done這種情況下應(yīng)注意兩點(diǎn):.主動(dòng)形式的動(dòng)名詞doing具有被動(dòng)的含義;.該動(dòng)名詞可以改為其動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式而句子的意義不變。例如: . The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇門需要油漆一下。 Your car needs mending. =
10、 Your car needs to be repaired. 你的車需要維修了。6. dare的用法:dare意為 敢、敢于,用法近似于need,有兩種詞性:( 1 ) dare 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,多用于否定句、疑問句或條件句中,無第三人稱單數(shù)形式,只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。如:Dare he tell them what he knows?他敢告訴他們所知道的情況嗎?I daren t ask herwill youdo it for me? 我可不敢問她,你能幫我問問嗎?(2) dare作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)有人稱、數(shù)及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。如:He doesn t dare to break his
11、promis他不敢食言。注意:在口語中, dare 的各種形式常與不帶to 的不定式連用。如: Do you dare tell her what I said?你敢告訴她我說的話嗎?I didn t dare look at him.不敢看他。7. shall 的用法:shall 表示征求對方意見(多用于第一、三人稱),如: Shall we go out for a walk? 我們出去散步好嗎?在英語中,我們可以用其他多種方式提出我們的建議或征求對方意見。(1) .用“ Lets do.”來提出建議。如:Lets go for a walk after supper.用“What/How
12、 about.?”來提出建議;about后接名詞或動(dòng)詞 ing 形式。如:What about/How about a drink?What about/How about taking Tom with us?.用Why not.?”來提出建議,表示何不 not面后接動(dòng)詞原形。Why not.?”實(shí)際上是Whydont you/we.?” 的簡略形式。如: Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day?.用“Would you like.?”來提出建議,意思是“你想要嗎? Would y
13、ou like后可接名詞或不定式。如: Would you like a cup of tea? Would you like to go and see her?因此, 如果我們說: “去游泳好嗎?” 英語中可有這樣幾種表達(dá)法:Shall we go for a swim? Lets go for a swim ,shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim?
14、8. should 的用法:( 1 ) .should 意為 “應(yīng)該 ” ,可表示勸告、建議、義務(wù)、責(zé)任等。 如: We should protect the environment. 我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)環(huán)境。( 2 ) Should have done 表示對過去動(dòng)作的責(zé)備、批評。如: You should have finished your homework.你應(yīng)該已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。(事實(shí)上你沒有完成。)9. will 的用法:will表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多種人稱。如: I will help you if I m free this afternoon.如果我有空,我就會幫你。注意:1
15、、will在there be句型中的形式及其句式變換。由于“一般將來時(shí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)可以用“ will+ 動(dòng)詞原形”來表示,所以there be 句型的一般將來時(shí)的形式就是there will be。(定不能說 there will have )例如: There are many students in our school. fThere will be many students in our school. There will be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能說: There will have a sports meeting next week.2
16、、 will 與 be going to do sth 區(qū)別: . be going to 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情, will 表示的將來時(shí)間則較遠(yuǎn)一些,如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. . be going to 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情, will 表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. . be going to 含有“計(jì)劃,準(zhǔn)備”的
17、意思,而 will 則沒有這個(gè)意思,如: She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour. .在有條件從句的主句中,一般不用 be going to,而多用 will,如:If any beasts comes at you, Ill stay with you and help you10. had better 的用法:had better 意為 “最好 ” , 沒有人稱的變化, 后面接不帶to 的不定式, 其否定形式為: had better not。 如:We had better go now. 我們最
18、好現(xiàn)在就走。 You had better not give the book to him. 你最好不要把這本書給他??键c(diǎn)二:含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的疑問句的回答 :1 .對 may 引出的問句,可以有下列回答方式: Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure .No, you mustn tN. o, you can t.2 .對 must 引出的疑問句,回答方式為: Yes, must. No,needn t/ don t have to.3 .could 在疑問句中,表示委婉的語氣,此時(shí)could 沒有過去式的意思。如 :Could you
19、 do me a favour? 你能幫我個(gè)忙嗎?Could I use your pen?我能用一下你的鋼筆嗎 ? 一Yes, you can.可以。(注意回答)4 . shall 引出的疑問句用于第一人稱, 表示征求對方意見或客氣的請求。其回答方式有以下幾種:Yes, please. All right. No, thank you.5 .would you 的回答方式有以下幾種:Yes, I will. (No, I won Su ret.) (I m sorry , I can All rig ht/.QK/With pleasure. Certainly. (No, thank yo
20、u .) Yes, please.【例題】 Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? .A.That s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn t matterD.No trouble【解析】A.意為 對了”,B.意為“樂意效勞”,C.意為“沒關(guān)系” D.意為 不費(fèi)事”。答案:B考點(diǎn)三 : 不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定意義也不同:1. (1) .can 可譯為 不會,如:I can t play basketba我不會打籃球。2 ) 當(dāng)句子表推測時(shí), 用 cant 表達(dá)不可能, 如: He can t be
21、 ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。(3) can還可用來回答 May I?這樣的問句。 如:May I come in ?我可以進(jìn)來嗎?No, you mustn t./ can 不,你不能。(4) can還可用于固定習(xí)語中。can t help doing禁不住,情不自禁,-can t wait to do sth迫不及待如:She can t help crying.她不禁大哭起來。The children can t wait to open the box.孩子們迫不及待地想打 開盒子。2. may的否定式為 m
22、ay not,譯成 可能不,如:He may not be at home.他也許不在家。3. (1)mustn表示不許,不可。如:He mustn t leave his room#不許離開他的房間。You mustn t talk in class.你們不可以在課上說話。(2) mustn t 也可用于以 may 表示要求時(shí)的否定回答中。如: May I stand here? 我可以站在這里嗎? No, you mustn t (can 不,不行。 t).4. (1) needn意為不必。如:You needn t meet him unless you你麻霞要見他,除非你愿意。(2)n
23、eedn t + have+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,表不需要完成但已完成的動(dòng)作,暗含時(shí)間或精力上的浪費(fèi)。如:Youneedn t have bought it你沒必要買它(但你卻買了)。5. shouldn 裹示不應(yīng)該。如: You shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little things.于這種小事,你不應(yīng)該 感到這么不高興??键c(diǎn)四 : 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為: 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + done (動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)。做題時(shí)要兼顧情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和被動(dòng)語態(tài)這兩個(gè)方面。如:You needn t get up so early every da
24、y於不必每天都起這么早。She shouldn t speak toher mother in that way. 她不應(yīng)該用那種方式和媽媽說話。 More and more trees must be planted in China. 在中國必須種植更多的樹木。 Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us很多星星我們者 B 看不到,因?yàn)樗鼈冸x我們太遠(yuǎn)了。考點(diǎn)五 : 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法:一、“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形”表示對現(xiàn)在的推測。1、 can 表示推測時(shí)一般用于否定句或疑問句。如: That ma
25、n can t be her husbandshe is still single.Who is knocking at the door? Can it be the postman?2、 must 表示肯定的推測,一般用于肯定句中。如: He must be in his office now.Mr Li must be working now , for the lights in his office are still on.3、might表示推測時(shí)不一定是may的過去時(shí),只是表示其可能性較小。如:The man may be the headmaster. Where is Mr
26、Li? He might be working in his office. May Mr Li come? He might not come here.4、 Could 表示推測時(shí),語氣can 比要弱,說話者留有余地。如: Could it be an animal? It could not be ,because it is not moving.5、 Should 表示推測的可能性比較大, 僅比 must 的可能性 小一點(diǎn)。 如: It is already 10 o clock now they should be there.二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示對過去可能發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在過的動(dòng)作的推
27、測性用法。1. “ must +have done/been” 表示 “過去一定發(fā)生過某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)” , 不用于“ musn t+hav-e ”形式。如:She must have seen the film before, hasn t she?(意反意疑問句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday, didn t you強(qiáng)意反意疑問句的后半部分 )2、should +have done /been表示本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事,而實(shí)際上并沒有做; shouldn 好成式表示“本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做,而實(shí)際上卻做了”。以上結(jié)構(gòu)常帶有說話
28、者的責(zé)備的感情色彩。如: You should havefinished your homework earlier (but in fact you did not finish it on time).You shouldn t have gone to bed when you woke up at five (but in fact you went to bdeagain then).3、needn完成式表示本來沒有必要做某事,而實(shí)際上卻做了。如:There was plenty of time. She needn,t have hurried .4、can t /couldn t
29、+have done-/feeen表示“過去不可能發(fā)生了某事或存在過某種狀態(tài)。如:I saw him just now. He can t have gone to Japan.She said the man couldn ttohlaevnehser car.5、“ could+have done/been ”表示“過去本來能夠,可以做某事或成為某種狀態(tài),而實(shí)際上沒有”,說話者有些遺憾?!?could sb. have done /been ?”是它的問句形式。如: You could have stayed with theSmiths while you were in New Yor
30、k (but in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel .) Could Mr Li have helped this girl student?6、“ may/might+ 完成式”表示“過去可能,本來可以于某事而實(shí)際上沒有干”, might 的可能性較小,語氣較弱。 如: He may have finished reading the book. She might have given you some help , however bus she was.【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞易混點(diǎn)歸納】易混點(diǎn)一 : can 和 be able to:兩者表示能力時(shí)用法相同, 但
31、 can 只有原形“can” 和過去式“could” 兩種形式, 在其他時(shí)態(tài)中 要用 be ableto 來表示。另外be able to 常常指經(jīng)過努力,花費(fèi)了時(shí)間和勞力之后才能做到某事。如: Jim can t speakEnglish. 吉姆不會說英語。 He could speak English at 5. 他五歲時(shí) 就會說英語。 We ll be able to see him next week.下星期我們將會見到他。He has been able to drive.他已經(jīng)會開車了。Im sure you ll be able to finish itquickly. 我相信你
32、能迅速地完成。 We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon. 我們能在中午到達(dá)山頂。易?昆點(diǎn)二:can和may2. can 和 may 均可用來征求意見或許可, 意為 “可以” , 一般可互換使用。 如: Can/ May I help you ? 我能幫助你嗎?3. can 和 may 表示可能性時(shí)的區(qū)別:1)在肯定句中用might, may, must, 不用 can2)在疑問句中表示推測用 can,不用 might, may, must4. 在否定句中用 cant (不可能), 不用 may,must。 如: She may
33、 be in the classroom . 她可能在教室里。Where can they be now?他們現(xiàn)在可能在哪兒?That can t be true.B不可能是真的。易混點(diǎn)三 : may be 和 maybe常用位置用法區(qū)別may bemay 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, be 為動(dòng)詞原形句中,作謂語maybe 副詞,大概、也許,相當(dāng)于perhaps 句首,作狀語例如: He may be wrong , but I m not sure. 也許他錯(cuò)了,但我也不確定。易混點(diǎn)四: can t 和 mustn t1. can t 根據(jù)其基本用法可譯為:(1)不會。如:I can t speak En
34、glish我不會說英語。(2)不能。如: We can t do it now because it s too dark了,我們現(xiàn)在干不了。( 3 )否定句中表示推測。 “不可能” ,如:The man can t be our teacher because he is much younger than ourteacher. 那個(gè)人不可能是咱們老師,他年輕得多。2. mustn 意為禁止、不許”,用來表達(dá)命令,表示強(qiáng)烈的語氣。如:You mustn t play football in the street.It s too dangerous不可以在街上踢足球,太危險(xiǎn)了。易混點(diǎn)五:
35、must 和 have to1 .must 側(cè)重于個(gè)人意志和主觀上的必要。 have to 側(cè)重于客觀上的必要,可用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)和將來時(shí)。如: I know I must study hard. 我知道我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厲害, 我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。 I haven t got any money with me, so I ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上沒帶錢, 只好向朋友借點(diǎn)了。
36、He said they must work hard. 他說他們必須努 力工作。2 . have to 可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài);而must 只用于一般現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如?The composition is due to hand in thismorning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。易混點(diǎn)六:used to do / be used to doing / be used to do 7 be used for doing sthused to do表示過去常常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去,只用于過去,注意用 to d
37、o,不用doing形式;而be usedto doing意為習(xí)慣做”, be可有各種時(shí)態(tài);be used to do意為被使用去做:為被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式。be used for doing sth 用作 如:My father used to eating meat.我父親過去起床晚,但現(xiàn)在不得不早起了。 She is used to eating meat她習(xí)慣口H肉。 He wasn t used to eating in a乃$1232位他不習(xí)慣在飯店吃飯。 A knife can be used for cutting things.( 刀可以用來割東西)/ A knife can be u
38、sed to cut things.( 刀可以用來割東西 )【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞例題解析】1、 you pass me a pen? I d like to write down the phone numbSeurr.e.Here it is. A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must【解析】 由題干可知,本句表示請求、許可。答案: A2、 May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you be back by 11 o clock.A. can B. may C. must D. need【解析】由題意可知, 此處并非表推測的用法,
39、 而是媽媽對孩子提出的要求, 故選 C, 意為 “必須 ” 。答案: C3、 You get there by bus. A. don t needB. needn t toC. don t need toD. need don t to【解析】由選項(xiàng)A 可知 need 為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 故應(yīng)加上 to 才正確。 選項(xiàng) B neednt 為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 應(yīng)去掉 to ,故選C.4、 You worry about me. It s nothing serAio. ucsa.n tB. mustn tC. needn tD. won t【解析】由題干It s nothing seriou可推斷,第一句
40、意為 僑不必為我擔(dān)心,故選C。本題易錯(cuò)選B,mustn t 意為 “禁止 ”,故他正確。答案: C5、 Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Please? Sorry, I m not sure . But it be.A. might B.mustn t C.can t D.must解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞might表推測的用法。I m not sure說明說話者的語氣并不肯定,所以要用 might。答案: A6、 The man in the office_be Mr. Black, because he went home just n
41、ow.A.mustn t B.may not C.can t D.needn t由下文 he went home just now 可知, 作者判斷辦公室里那個(gè)人 (不可能是Mr. Black 。 mustnt 意為 “千萬別 ”, may not 意為 “可能不 ”, neednt 意為 “不必 ”。 cant 意為不可能, 故選 C。7、 Can you go surfing with us this afternoon? I d like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need
42、 B.must C.have to D.should【解析】 由題干 my mother is ill 為客觀要求可知, 選 C.8、 May I take this book out of the reading room? . Please read it here.A. Certainly B.No, you needn Ct.No, you mustn Dt .No, you may not【解析】May I ?的否定答語為 No, you can t/ mustn;Mtust I 否定答語為 No, you needn t/don t haveto.;Can I的否定答語為 No,
43、you can 在口語交際中,要體會句子中的情感差別。答案: C【情態(tài)動(dòng)詞活學(xué)巧練】1 John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. canC. has to D. must2 They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able toC. can able to D. are able to3 May I take this book out? No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent4 Yo
44、u_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever.A. can B. must C. dare D. would5 Can you speak Japanese? No, I. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not1 He_ be in the classroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can
45、t D. may; mustnt2 Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you_, Ive had enough.A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt3 Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so itbe very difficult.A. may B. must C. can D. need4 He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B.
46、shall C. must D. has to5 _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do1 The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must2 You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. needntC. dont have to D. dont need to3 Must I do my homework at once? No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt
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