1、Unit 1 Electronic Devices Lesson 2 Memory Devices電子信息工程專業英語教程任治剛 主編電子工業出版社電子工業出版社 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程2Lesson 2 Memory Devices Backgrounds Text tour Language in use Vocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程3 Terminology MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS Flip-flop, Register SRAM, DRAM

2、, ROM, EEPROM CAM Cache Ferroelectric Backgrounds2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程4Terminology 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程5 MOS: Metal-oxide semiconductor 金屬氧化物半導體 PMOS: p-type Metal-oxide semiconductor p型金屬氧化物半導體 NMOS: n-type Metal-oxide semiconductor n型金屬氧化物半導體 CMOS: Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor 互補金屬氧化物半

3、導體MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程6CMOS 是一類集成電路的總稱。這種集成電路的輸出結構由一個n型MOSFEF（金屬氧化物半導體場效應晶體管）和一個P型MOSFET串聯而成。因為n型和p型MOSFET是相互補償的,所以也常常使用“互補”一詞來說明這種集成電路。MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程7 A flip-flop is basically a bi-state circuit in which either a 0 or 1 state can resides. Because

4、of its simplicity, the flip-flop is extremely fast. As a basic element, the flip-flop is used in digital circuits and ICs. A flip-flop will lose its state when the supply voltage is removed. Therefore, it is volatile. 觸發器是一種存儲“0”或“1”的雙態電路。由于觸發器結構簡單，所以其速度極快。觸發器是數字電路和集成電路中的基本部件。由于電源電壓去掉后，觸發器原有的狀態就失去了，

5、因此它是“易失的”。 Flip-flop, Register2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程8 A register is a set of flip-flops in parallel. Typically a register is 8,16,32 or 64 bits wide. Often a register is used to hold data, address pointers, etc. A register is volatile and very fast just like the flip-flop. 寄存器是一組并行觸發器。寄存器的典型數據寬度為8位、1

6、6位、32位或者64位。寄存器常用于保存數據、地址指針等。和觸發器一樣，寄存器也是“易失”的，而且速度很快。Flip-flop, Register2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程9SRAM: Static Random Access MemoryAn SRAM is an array of addressable flip-flops. The array can be configured as such that the data comes out in single bit, 4-bit, 8bit, and etc. format. SRAM is simple, fast

7、 and volatile just like the flip-flop, its basic memory cell.靜態隨機存取存儲器( SRAM)是一種可尋址的觸發器陣列。該陣列可配置成1位、4位、8位等數據格式。它和它的基本存儲單元觸發器一樣：結構簡單、存取速度快、具有易失的特點。 SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程10DRAM：Dynamic Random Access MemoryThe word dynamic indicates that the data is not held in a flip-flop but ra

8、ther in a storage cell. The data in a storage cell must be refreshed (read out and re-written) regularly because of leakage. 動態隨機存取存儲器 ：“動態”這個詞意味著數據不是保存在觸發器當中，而是保存在一個存儲單元中。由于存在泄漏，所以保存在存儲單元中的數據必須定期更新（讀出并重新寫入）。SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程11ROM: Read Only MemoryROMs are also called mask

9、-ROMs or mask programmed ROMs. This is because a ROM needs to be programmed by setting its cells to either 0 or 1 at the time of manufacture. 只讀存儲器：也叫做掩模ROM或者掩模編程ROM。這是因為在制造時就需要通過將存儲單元置0或置1對其進行編程。 SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程12EEPROM：Electrically Erasable Programmable ROMThis means t

10、hat the chip can be programmed like an EPROM, but can be erased electrically. As a result, no UV source is required. EEPROM是指該類芯片可以像EPROM一樣可編程，但使用的是電擦除的方法。這樣，就不需要紫外線信號源了。 SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程13CAM is also known as associative storage. It is a memory chip in which each bit pos

11、ition can be compared. In regular DRAM and SRAM chips, the contents are addressed by bit location and then transferred to the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) in the CPU for comparison. In CAM chips, the content is compared in each bit cell, allowing for very fast table lookups. Since the entire chip is

12、compared, the data content can often be randomly stored without regard to an addressing scheme which would otherwise be required. However, CAM chips are considerably smaller in storage capacity than regular memory chips.CAM: Content Addressable Memory 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程14The cache is a temporary

13、storage area for frequently-accessed or recently-accessed data. Having certain data stored in a cache speeds up the operation of the computer. There are two kinds of cache: internal (or memory cache) and external (or disk cache). Internal cache is built into the processor, and external cache is on t

14、he motherboard. When an item is called for, the computer first checks the internal cache, then the external cache, and finally the slower main storage. Cache2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程15Ferroelectric is pertaining to a phenomenon exhibited by certain materials in which the material is polarized in one dir

15、ection or the other, or reversed in direction by the application of a positive or negative electric field of magnitude greater than a certain amount. The material retains the electric polarization unless it is disturbed.某些材料表現出的一種現象。當在這種材料上施加超過特定強度的電場時,該材料就在一個方向上極化或改變原極化的方向。只要不受干擾, 這種材料就一直保持其極化狀態。Fe

16、rroelectric 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程16Text tour Outline Overview (para.1, 2) Flip-flop (para.3) Register (para.4) SRAM (para.5,6,7) DRAM (para.8,9) ROM (para.10,11) EEPROM (para.12)2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程17Text tourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitFlip-flopOne-bit register. Usually used as a bas

17、ic building block in digital circuits.YesNoUltra fastVery highRegisterSet of flip-flops holding a byte,word or long word. Used in complex chips such as CPUs.YesNoUltra fastVery high2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程18Text tourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitSRAM Array of flip-flops that is addressable.

18、 Used for temporary storage of data or cache.YesNo Very fasthighDRAM Array of storage cells which is addressable. Used for main computing data storage. YesNo fastModerate 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程19Text tourTypePropertiesR/wNon-volatileSpeedCost/bitROMArray of hard-wired cellsthat is addressable.Program

19、ming done at time of chip manufacture.NoYesVeryfastlowE2PROM Electrically erasableprogrammable ROM.Number of writecycles is limited. YesYeslowhigh2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程20 Vocabulary static，dynamic， approach，offset, pattern, hybrid , indicate Structure Reading/writing techniquesLanguage in use2022-4-2

20、1電子信息工程專業英語教程21Vocabulary2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程22Having no motion; being at rest; quiescent.靜止的；靜態的Fixed; stationary.固定的；不動的Of, relating to, or producing stationary charges; electrostatic.靜電的Of, relating to, or produced by random radio noise.隨機無線電噪聲的Random noise, such as crackling in a receiver or sp

21、ecks on a television screen, produced by atmospheric disturbance of the signal.隨機噪聲Static, dynamic in dictionary 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程23Of or relating to energy or to objects in motion. 動態的Of or relating to the study of dynamics.動力學的Characterized by continuous change, activity, or progress:不斷變化的Mark

22、ed by intensity and vigor; forceful.生氣勃勃的; 有力的Of or relating to variation of intensity, as in musical sound.強度變化的A force, especially political, social, or psychological:動力Static, dynamic in dictionary 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程24 SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)靜態隨機存取存儲器 DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Mem

23、ory)動態隨機存取存儲器 Static, dynamic in text 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程25 static electricity 靜電 static induction 靜電感應 static control circuit 靜態控制電路 static amplifier 靜態放大器 dynamic circuit 動態電路 dynamic capacity 動態電容Static, dynamic in use2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程26To come near or nearer, as in space or time:接近To come

24、or go near or nearer to:接近，靠近To come close to, as in appearance, quality, or condition; approximate:近乎, 接近 The performance approaches perfection. To make a proposal or overtures to with a specific end in view: 提議：To begin to deal with or work on: 著手, 開始處理 approached the task with dread. Approach in

25、dictionary 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程27The act of approaching:接近 the approach of night. 夜幕降臨A fairly close resemblance; an approximation.近似；接近A way or means of reaching something; an access:途徑, 方法, 通路 an approach to the bridge. 通向橋的路The method used in dealing with or accomplishing:步驟, 方法： a logical appro

26、ach to the problem. 對問題的邏輯解決步驟An advance or overture made by one person to another.提議，建議Approach in dictionary 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程28 With DRAM technology，this simple approach is impossible since addressing a row of data without rewriting it will destruct all data in the row because of the dynamic

27、nature. 對于DRAM存儲器，這種簡單的存取方法式是不可行的；由于動態的特點，讀出一行數據而不再次將其寫入會破壞該行內所有的數據。Approach in text 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程29at the approach of 在.快到的時候be approaching (to) 與.差不多, 大致相等be difficult of approach 難到達的; 難于接近的be easy of approach 容易到達的; 容易接近的make an approach to 對.進行探討make approaches to sb. 設法接近某人approach sb.

28、 on sth. 向某人接洽approach sb. about sth. 向某人接洽approach to 接近, 近似, 約等于; 做事的方法Approach in use2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程30 Approach to sth./ doing sth. Way to do sth./of doing sth. Method for doing sth.Approach in use2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程31An agent, an element, or a thing that balances, counteracts, or compens

29、ates for something else.補償物、抵消物、中和物The number of measuring units from an arbitrary starting point in a record, area, or control block, to some other point.偏移量To counterbalance, counteract, or compensate for:平衡、中和或補償： fringe benefits designed to offset low salaries. 用以補償低工資的額外福利Offset in dictionary 2

30、022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程32 The disadvantage of the extra circuitry required for refreshing is easily offset by the lower price per bit when using large memory sizes. 當所需存儲量很大時，數據更新需要額外電路這個缺點很容易就被較低的位價格彌補了。 Offset in text 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程33 zero offset 零(點)偏移 line offset 行偏移 Offset binary code 偏移二進制

31、編碼Offset in use2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程34A model or an original used as an archetype. 原型A person or thing considered worthy of imitation. 模范，榜樣A plan, diagram, or model to be followed in making things:圖案，模型、圖紙或圖形： a dress pattern. 服裝式樣A representative sample; a specimen.樣品，標本An artistic or decorative d

32、esign:（藝術或裝飾的）圖案式樣：Pattern in dictionary 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程35 A consistent, characteristic form, style, or method, as: ones pattern of behavior. 一個人的行為特點 A test pattern. 考試模式 a flight pattern. 飛行著陸道Pattern in dictionary 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程36 This aluminum pattern is defined by a lithographic ma

33、sk used in one of the last steps of manufacture. Therefore these devices are often called mask-ROMs. 鋁層圖案是在芯片制造的最后一道工序中由一塊掩模平板決定的。所以，該類器件常被稱作掩模ROM。 Pattern in text 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程37模式 A physical arrangement of elements a bit pattern 二進制位模式 a dot-matrix pattern 點矩陣模式 a storage pattern 存儲模式 Repe

34、ating with some degree of correspondence in successive trials or observations a pattern of message traffic 報文流量模式 a pattern of hardware failures 硬件故障模式Pattern in use2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程38 bit pattern 位組合格式 beat pattern 拍頻波形圖 charge pattern 電荷分布圖 circuit pattern (印刷電路)電路圖案Pattern in use2022-4-21電子信息

35、工程專業英語教程39 A term sometimes applied to a “composite” device; to a device incorporating multiple elements of different type.用來說明一種“復合型”器件;或修飾由多個不同類型的元件組成共同工作的器件。 A common short form used for “hybrid circuit” and “hybrid network” mainly in the plural.“混合電路”和“混合網絡”的縮寫。Hybrid in dictionary 2022-4-21電子信息

36、工程專業英語教程40 Fast cache memory can be constructed in BiCMOS technology, a hybrid technology that uses bipolar transistors for extra drive. 高速緩存可以使用BiCMOS技術構建；BiCMOS是一種混合技術，它使用雙極性晶體管作為附加的驅動。 Hybrid in text 2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程41 Combined adj.組合的, 結合的 combined circuit 組合電路 combined color image 組合彩色圖象 Composite adj.合成的, 復合的 composite modulation 復合調制 composite coding 合成編碼Hybrid in use2022-4-21電子信息工程專業英語教程42To show