1、北京科技大學(xué)2021- 2021學(xué)年 第 二 學(xué)期自 覺 遵 守 考 試 規(guī) 那么誠 信 考 試絕 不 作 弊1.2.3.4.56.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.I. Choose from the following the one that best fits the blank and write down the correct answer below (1x15):1.can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2,000 years ago. This shows that language has the de

2、sign feature of.A. arbitrariness B. creativity C. duality D. displacement2. Which of the following theories takes as the origin of language the instinctive sounds of pain, anger and joy？A. The bow-wow theoryB. The pooh-pooh theoryC. The Vo-he-ho theoryD. The Winnie-the-Pooh theory3. Consonants and v

3、owels are distinguished by.A. place of articulationB. manner of articulationC. obstruction of airflow語言學(xué)概論試卷(C)院(系)班級 學(xué)號 姓名試卷卷面成績占課程考核成績平時(shí) 成績占30%課程考核成績題號一一三四五六七八九十小計(jì)得分D. total stopping of air4. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is called.A. articulatory phoneticsB. acoustic phone

4、ticsC. auditory phoneticsD. perceptual phonetics5. Which of the following is the correct description of g？A. voiced alveolar stopB. voiced alveolar fricativeC. voiced velar stopD. voiced velar fricative6. The basic unit of phonological analysis is the.A. allophone B. phoneme C. sound D. minimal pair

5、7. '' is the abstract unit underlying the smallest unit in the lexical system of a language.A. WordB. Lexeme C. Morpheme D. Vocabulary語言學(xué)概論 試卷C 第1頁共7頁8. Which of the following is an example of exocentric compound？A. babysitter B. virus-sensitive C. breakthrough D. maneating9. Which of the fo

6、llowing meanings is not a term of Geoffrey Leech？A. Conceptual meaningB. Social meaningC. Lexical meaningD. Thematic meaning10. Since in the classanimal we have bothanimal and human, animal can be called.A. superordinate B. hyponym C. auto-hyponym D. co-hyponym11. is used for.A. broad transcriptionB

7、. narrow transcriptionC. phonetic transcription D. phonemic transcription12. Which of the following is not the focus of pragmatics？A. contextual meaning B. utterance meaningC. metaphorical meaning D. speaker meaning12. The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by.A. William Jam

8、esB. Noam ChomskyC. John SearleD. Paul Grice13. Which of following semantic change is known as zero-derivation？A. Broadening. B. Narrowing. C. Meaning shift. D. Class shift.14. Which of the following is described as close front tense rounded vowel？A. iB. yC. eD. u15. Which of the following are allop

9、hones in English？A. ph in peak and p in speakB. ph in pig and bh in bigC. in think and in theseD. i: in beat and i in bit得分|II. Decide whether the following statements are true or false and write the answer below (1x 15):1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.1. When dividing syllables, we normally put

10、 consonants in the coda position.2. Historical linguistics is a synchronic study of language.3. Since language is arbitrary, learners of a foreign language should pay more attention to the arbitrariness instead of the conventionality of the target language.4. Lamp is an example of anticipatory coart

11、iculation.5. The only difference between /p/ and /k/ is that the former is a bilabial while the latter is a velar sound.6. The word bridge" to mean a method of playing cards is an example of loanshift.7. If two words are synonymous, this means one can be used to replace the other in any context

12、.語言學(xué)概論 試卷C 第3頁共7頁自覺遵裝守考訂'試線:規(guī)那么內(nèi)誠不信考 得試,答絕不題作弊8. By cardinal vowels,we refer to a set of basic vowels in the received pronunciation of British English.9. By reflective meaning", Leech means what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker / writer.10. The Chinese lines 牯藤老樹

13、昏鴉,小橋流水人家 stand as an typical example ofparatactic relation between sentences.11. Linguistic phenomena such as coordination and subordination, conjoining and embedding, hypotactic and paratactic, are all means to extend sentences.12. Linguistic units linked together by coordination are endocentric c

14、onstructions while those linked by subordination are exocentric ones.13. Paradigmatic relation is a term used by Saussure to refer to the relation of substitutability.14. All the allomorphs should have the same sememe and should be in complementary distribution.15. The distinction between free morph

15、eme and bound morpheme is whether they can be added to other morphemes to form words.|得分|III. Define the following terms (5x 6):1. root2. duality3. inflectional affix:4. blending語言學(xué)概論試卷C第7頁共7頁5. metathesis6. langueIV. Answer the following questions briefly (10 x 2):1. Related to the design features

16、of language, what doe A rose by any other name would smell as sweet mean？2. Suppose you are considering X for a position that involves philosophical studies. Below is the recommendation letter written by X s professor:Dear Sir,Mr X's command of English is excellent, and his attendance at tutoria

17、ls has been regular.Yours, etc.1)2)What maxim or maxims does the professor seem to flout？What implicature would you draw about X for this position？3) Why do you think the professor phrased the letter this way？EV.What different types of antonyms can you specify？ What are their characteristics？Please

18、illustrate with examples (20):自覺遵裝守考訂試線規(guī)那么內(nèi)誠不信考得試,答絕不題作弊北京科技大學(xué)2021 2021學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期語言學(xué)概論試題答案及評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)I. 15分,每題1分1. D2. B 3. C4. B5. C6. B7. B 8. C9. C10. C 11. C12. C12. B13. D14. D 15. AII. (15分,每題1分1. F2. F 3. F4. F5. T6. T7. F 8. F9. F10. T 11. T12. F13. F14. T15. FIII. (30分,每題5分1. Root is the base form o

19、f a word that cannot be further analyzed without destroying its meaning. It is the part of the word that is left when all the affixes are removed.2. Duality refers to the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level

20、 and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.3. Inflectional affixes are bound morphemes that are added to stems to add a minute or delicate grammatical function to the stem (2 points), which do not change the word class of the stem (2 points). For example, -es in teaches, -ing

21、 in teaching, etc (1 point).4. Blending is a way of forming new words, in which two words are blended by joining together the initial part of the first and the final part of the second word, or by joining only the initial parts of the two words.5. Metathesis is a processinvolving a change in the seq

22、uenceof sounds. It was originally a performance error which was overlooked and accepted by the speech community.6. Langue refers to the language system shared by a speech community. It is a grammatical system that has a potential existence in each brain of a group of individuals.IV.(每題10分,共20分)1. Th

23、is sentence indicates the arbitrariness of language. By arbitrariness we mean there is no intrinsic relationship between a sound and the object it refers to in reality. That is to say, whether the flower is called rose or meigui, it doesn't alter its nature. Or it can be called whatever sound th

24、e speech community has chosen to represent it.2. The professor seems to have flouted the maxim of quantity - he didn't provide enough information as required and relevance - the information he provides is not directly related to ability of philosophy studies. Then we can draw the implicature that X is not suitable for the position. The Professor worded the letter this way to avoid saying directly X is not good enough, to be polite at least at the surface level.V. 20 分There are three main sub-types: gradable antonymy, complementary antonymy, and converse antonymy. The commonest type is g