1、I. Unit8KnowledgeandWisdomKeytotheExercisesTextcomprehensionDecidewhichofthefollowingbeststatestheauthor'sargument.CJudge,accordingtothetext,whetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.II. F(RefertoParagraph2.Thestudyofthecompositionofatoms,orthedevelopmentoftheatombomb,forexample,hasplacedinthe

2、handsofpowerfullunaticsthemeanstodestroythehumanrace.)T(RefertoParagraph2.Thishasbecomemoredifficultthanitusedtobeowingtotheextentandcomplexityofthespecializedknowledgerequiredofvariouskindsoftechnicians.)T(RefertoParagraph3.Althoughhehadacomprehensiveknowledgeofhistory,hewasstillpartialasthechiefle

3、ssonofhistorywhichhesoughttoinculcatewasthatfromtheyear400ADdowntohisowntimeGermanyhadbeenthemostimportantnationandthestandard-bearerofprogressintheworld.)F(RefertoParagraph4.ItistruethatbothMr.AandMr.Bpossesssomevicesoftheirrespectivekinds,butthefactdoesnotprovethattheyarewiseorunwise.)F(Refertopar

4、agraph5.Themistakeliesintheextremityofthestatement.AccordingtoRussell,mancannotfreehimselfentirelyfromthephysicalandemotionalneed,soonecanonlygrowinwisdom,whichitselfisamatterofdegree.)Answerthefollowingquestions.1. RefertoParagraph2.Asenseofproportioncouldbeseenastheabilitytotakeintofullconsiderati

5、onallimportantfactorsinanissueandattachdueweighttoeachfactor.RefertoParagraphs1and2.Inthefirstplace,theyareexamplesoftheidearaisedattheverybeginningofthetext:"althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom."Theproblem,accordingtotheessay,ispa

6、rtlyduetothefactthatitisnowmoredifficulttoacquireasenseofproportion,ortheabilitytoassignappropriateweightstovariousfactors,thusachievingbalance.Inconsequence,breakthroughsinsciencearelikelytobringaboutharmsifhumankindfailstoseetheendofscienceandconsidereverythinginacomprehensivemanner.RefertoParagra

7、phs1to4.AccordingtoRussell,thevicesofthelackofwisdomareobviousandpalpable,rangingfromdisturbancetopubliclife,mostnotablytheupsetofworldpeace,tounpleasantincidentsinprivatelife.Meanwhile,thereseemstobeanimbalanceinthegrowthofknowledgeandwisdom,whichisverylikelytomakethingsevenworse.So,wisdomisnecessa

8、ryforbothpersonalandculturaldevelopments.RefertoParagraph5.AccordingtoRussell,theessenceofwisdomisimpartiality,oremancipationfromegoisticortemporalconcerns.Itisnaturallydifficultformantoattainimpartiality,asmanisnaturallyboundupbyhisownphysicalstatesfromhisbirth.Ashegrowsup,however,hishorizonwidens,

9、hisconcernsgetbeyondthelimitsoftimeandspace,andhisfeelingsbecomemoreimpersonal,hencethegrowthofimpartialityandwisdom.2. Apartfromthefactthatitisoneoftheingredientsofwisdom,impartialityisalsothebasisofrationality,forirrationalityisnormallybasedonpartiality.III. Explaininyourownwordsthefollowingsenten

10、ces.1. Itwouldbeunwisetopursueagoalthatisboundtofail,althoughitmightbenobletodoso.2. Ithinktheessenceofwisdomistogetone'shorizonfreefromtheconfinementoftimeandspace.StructuralanalysisofthetextParagraph2:OftheseIshouldputfirstasenseofproportion:thecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinap

11、roblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.Paragraph3:Theremustbe,also,acertainawarenessoftheendsofhumanlife.Paragraph4:Itisneededinthechoiceofendstobepursuedandinemancipationfrompersonalprejudice.Paragraph5:Ithinktheessenceofwisdomisemancipation,asfaraspossible,fromthetyrannyofthehereandnow.Fourfactorstha

12、tconstitutewisdom:comprehensivenessmixedwithasenseofproportion;afullawarenessofthegoalsofhumanlife;avoidanceofblindnessandprejudiceinprivatelife;impartiality.I. RhetoricalfeaturesofthetextThecapacitytotakeaccountofalltheimportantfactorsinaproblemandtoattachtoeachitsdueweight.(Paragraph2)Thishastheen

13、tirelyunintendedresultofmakingthefoodsupplyinadequateandloweringthestandardoflifeinthemostpopulouspartsoftheworld.(Paragraph2)Perhapsonecouldstretchthecomprehensivenessthatconstituteswisdomtoincludenotonlyintellectbutalsofeeling.(Paragraph3)Itisnotonlyinpublicways,butinprivatelifeequally,thatwisdomi

14、sneeded.(Paragraph4)VocabularyexercisesExplaintheunderlinedpartineachsentenceinyourownwords.1. consider(whenjudgingasituation)/takeintoconsideration,givepropervaluetoeach/attachadequateimportancetoeachCertainly/Veryprobably,broughtagoodandhelpfuleffecttomankind,inreality/inactualsituationstalk(disap

15、provingly)aboutsomethinglessworthyorlessimportant,destroyorruineachother4.connectedwith/dependenton5.accordinglyII.Fillintheblankineachsentencewithawordtakenfromtheboxinitsappropriateform.1. pursue2. ceased3.attainable4.enmity5. populous6. surpassed7.impartial8.appallinglyIII.Fillintheblankswiththea

16、ppropriateformsofthegivenwords.1. beneficiaries2. undesirable3. horizontally4. descendants5. increasingly6. philosophical7.unduly8.standardizationIV.Fillintheblank(s)ineachsentencewithanappropriatephrasalverborcollocationtakenfromthetext.IV. requiredofsoughttodescendedtoputfirstcontributedtoengagein

17、conferreduponboundupwithGiveasynonymoranantonymofthewordunderlinedineachsentenceinthesenseitisused.V. Antonym:following(subsequent,succeeding)Synonym:enhance(advance)Synonym:impressive(sensational)Antonym:unawareness(ignorance,unconsciousness)Synonym:instill(indoctrinate)Antonym:confinement(restrict

18、ion,restraint)Antonym:virtueSynonym:fairness(indifference,neutrality)Explaintheunderlinedphrasalverbsinyourownwords.I. contractedkeepquietinvestigatetreatgolostconsciousnesstolerategetridofGrammarexercisesIdentifythemeaningsofitinthefollowingsentences.1. Thisisanemphaticit,introducingacleftsentence.

19、2. Hereitisapronoun,referringtowisdom.3. Thefirstisananticipatoryit,servingastheformalsubject.Thesecondandthirdarethepronounreferringto"anend."Thisisananticipatoryit,functioningastheformalsubject.II. Thisisanemphaticit,stressing"thisapproachtowardsimpartiality."Insertit+beorthere

20、+beinthefollowingsentences.1. therewas,therewasThereare,Itis,thereisitwas/wouldbeItis,TherewillbeItis,itisItis,itisIsthere,itis,thereisThereis,Itwillbe,itis,itis,therewillbeItis,itisItis,itisItwhereverpossible.Rewritethefollowingsentences,beginningwithItisnogoodgettingannoyed.2. Itisillegaltodriveac

21、arwithoutalicense.3. Itwasfarfromclearwherethesoundwascomingfrom.4. Itisimpossibletomakealivingfromherpainting.5. ?6. Itwasamiraclethatthelittlegirlwasn'thurtintheaccident.7. ?8. Itisobviousthatyoualreadyknowmysecret.9. Itwillbesurprisingifthetwocountriesdon'treachanagreementsoon.10. Itisanh

22、onorthatProfessorLeeisattendingtheconference.III. Fillintheblankswithappropriateconjunctions.IV. WhenlestAlthoughnotonly.butalsobecauseAlthoughWhilesinceCompleteeachsentencewithwhatyouthinkthemostappropriateofthefourchoicesgiven.V. B(Thefirsttimeisamarginalsubordinator.)ACD(unless=if?not)BABDMakesen

23、tencesofyourownafterthesentencesgivenbelow,keepingtheitalicizedpartsinyoursentences.1. e.g.Heismorelikeacompanionthanatutor.Shescreamed,notloudly,moreinsurprisethaninterror.2. e.g.ShenotonlytookmehomebutalsocamethenextdaytoseeifIhadrecovered.Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.Translationexer

24、cisesI.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.我們這個時代在知識方面遠遠超越了以往所有時代，在智慧方面卻沒有相應的長進，這個說法大多數人都會同意。1. 但這會導致意想不到的結果：世界人口最為稠密的地區食物匱乏，生活水平下降。2. 知識面寬但情感狹隘的人絕非少見。3. 沒有人能完全公正地看待世界；即便有這樣的人，他也很難存活。II. TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsandphrasesgiveninbrackets.1. Theresultoftheexperimen

25、tfarsurpassedtheirexpectations.2. Weshouldtakefullaccountofthecostoftheprojectandthedifficultieswemightencounter.3. Thefairweathercontributedtothesuccessofthescientificexpedition.4. Ronaldo,oneofthefootballstarsfromBrazil,scoredseveralspectaculargoalsinthe2002FIFAWorldCup.5. Manyhonorarydegreesfromd

26、ifferentcollegesanduniversitiesinAmericawereconferreduponRobertFrostforhisremarkablecontributionstopoetry.6. Patienceandperseverancearerequiredinemancipationfrombadhabits.7. Theytriedtoinstillsuchnewideasintostudents'minds.8. Youshoulddemonstrateimpartialityinyourassessmentoftheemployees.III. TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.羅素認為，智慧是由好幾個要素構成的。一個有智慧的人具有全面的視野，他能夠考慮一個問題的所有重要方面，分清輕重緩急。再者，一個有智慧的人知道生活的目的，追求不可能達到的目的是不明智的。羅素還指出，智慧還在于盡可能擺