1、必修4 Unit 1 Women of achievement復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)闖關(guān)語法核心突破主謂一致主謂一致是一種常見的語法現(xiàn)象，它指的是謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。其用法較為復(fù)雜主謂一致依據(jù)語法一致、意義一致和就近一致三條原則茲簡述如下一、名詞作主語時的主謂一致1.集體名詞作主語若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，若突出個體，謂語動詞為復(fù)數(shù)。常見的這類名詞有committee, family, group, class, army, enemy等例如：My family has moved into the new house. 我家已搬進(jìn)了新房子My family enjoy sports.

2、 我全家人都喜歡運(yùn)動拓展延伸people, police, youth, cattle等作主語，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)如：The police have caught the thieves. 警察捉住了盜賊2.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語，謂語動詞可為單數(shù)，亦可為復(fù)數(shù)，視其意義而定。如:works（工廠），means（方法），作主語也有類似用法如：Every means has been tried. 每一種方法都試過了All means have been tried. 所有的方法都試過了 3.表示時間、金錢、距離、重量等度量衡的詞語作主語，通常被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：One hundr

3、ed li/kilometers was covered on a single night. 一夜走了一百里路Five yuan is enough. 五元錢就夠了二、并列主語的主謂一致1.and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但在下列情況下用單數(shù)：and 連接的并列主語指的是同一個人、同一事物或同一概念例如：The English teacher and headteacher is a young man.英語老師兼班主任是位年輕人and連接的并列名詞有each， every， no或many a等修飾語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)例如：In our country every boy an

4、d every girl has the right to receive education.在我們國家每一個男女孩子都有受教育的權(quán)利 No teacher and no student was present at the party.老師和學(xué)生都沒有參加晚會2.由or，eitheror， neithernor， not onlyalso，notbut 等連接并列主語時，遵循就近原則，即謂語動詞應(yīng)與最靠近它的主語一致。例如：Either he or I am wrong. 不是他錯了就是我錯了Not only the students but also the teacher is act

5、ive in sports and games.不但學(xué)生就連老師也積極參加體育運(yùn)動3.兩個主語由as well as ,rather than, but, together with, along with, , with, except, besides等連接時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與最前面的主語保持一致例如：The teacher as well as the students has seen the film.老師和學(xué)生都看過這部電影Nobody but Xiao Wang and Xiao Li was here. 只有小王和小李在這兒I as well as they am to read

6、y to help you. 不僅他們，我也愿幫助你 三、名詞化形容詞作主語時的主謂一致“the + adj.”表示一類人時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。常見的這類詞有：the poor, the rich, the sick, the dead, the young, the wise, the deaf, the blind, the learned, the wounded, the aged, the killed, the living, the dying, the English, the French, the Chinese等。例如：The young are required to r

7、espect the old. 年輕人應(yīng)該尊敬老年人。The injured have been taken to hospital. 傷員已經(jīng)被送往醫(yī)院四、不定式、動名詞和名詞從句作主語不定式、動名詞和句子作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如：To become doctors is their ambition. 當(dāng)醫(yī)生是他們的志愿。Reading without comprehension is no good. 讀書而不理解是不行的。When and where this took place is still unknown. 這件事何時何地發(fā)生尚不知曉。 【拓展延伸】在what引導(dǎo)的主語

8、從句中，如果表語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：What the children need are interesting books. 孩子們需要有趣的書五、倒裝句中的主謂一致倒裝句中的謂語動詞與后面的主語一致。例如：In the centre of Tianan Men Square stands the Chairman Maos Memorial Hall.毛主席紀(jì)念館位于天安門廣場中心Here comes the bus.車來了Here you are.給你！拓展延伸here或there引導(dǎo)的句子有兩個以上主語時，遵循就近原則如：Here are some pens and

9、paper for you. 這是給你的鋼筆和紙張。【語法專練】1. _ of the land in my hometown _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two third; is B. Two third; are C. Two thirds; is D. Two thirds; are2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ each year. A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are wa

10、shing away D. are being washed away3.The police _ searching for a tall dark man with a beard. Till now more than one person _ suspected.A. is; is B. is; are C. are; is D. are; are4. What I want _ an interesting book while what he expects _ two cups of coffee. A. is; is B. are; is C. is; areD. are; a

11、re 5. More than one _ the people heart and soul.A. official has served B. officials have servedC. official has served for D. officials have served for答案：15 CDCCA高考真題鏈接1. （2010全國卷新課標(biāo)卷T22） The workers_the glasses and marked on each box” This Side UP” A carried B delivered C pressed D packed【解析】選D 句意：工

12、人們把這些眼鏡包裝起來并在每個盒子上標(biāo)注“此面朝上”。Carry “攜帶，運(yùn)送”；deliver “傳遞，發(fā)送”；press “擠壓”；pack“包裝”。2. （2010湖北B卷T24） Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes .A. favourable B. precious C. essential D. worthwhile【解析】選D。句意：錯誤并不僅僅是發(fā)生，它們因?yàn)槟硞€原因而產(chǎn)生。找出原因，讓錯誤變得值得

13、。favourable “贊成的，有利的，良好的”；precious “珍貴的”；essential “基本的”；worthwhile“值得的”。3. （2009福建卷T22） -Why does the Lake smell terrible? -Because large quantities of water . A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted【解析】選D 考查動詞時態(tài)，語態(tài)和主謂語一致。根據(jù)前一分句可知所填動詞表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響，時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完

14、成時，動詞與主語是被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。主語是large quantities of water，其中心詞是quantities，是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，選D。4. （2009湖北卷T21）Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through【解析】選D 考查動詞短語。該句意思是“請你為我檢查一下文章看是否有明顯錯誤”。look through可表示“檢查，瀏覽”之意。look aro

15、und“環(huán)顧”，look into“調(diào)查”，look up“抬頭看，查閱”。5. （2009江蘇卷T21） The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing【解析】選A考察主謂一致和時態(tài)。population是集合名詞，或集體名詞，即看成一個整體，所以謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。句子說的是江蘇現(xiàn)在的人口數(shù)量和以及增長，用完成時表示現(xiàn)在的狀

16、態(tài)。6. (2008重慶卷) Only when I left my parents for Italy_ how much I loved them.A.I realized B. .I had realized C. . had I realized D. did I realize【解析】選D 考查倒裝。only 放于句首，要求其后的主句進(jìn)行部分倒裝完形填空：1In 1957, Jane Goodall first met the famous anthropologist (人類學(xué)者) Dr Louis Leakey, who later played an important rol

17、e in her life. With the 36 of gaining insight into humans evolutionary (進(jìn)化的) past, Dr Leakey 37 a pioneering long-term field study on 38 chimps. Even though Jane had no formal 39 , her patience and determination to understand animals 40 him to choose her for the study. 41 it was unusual for a woman

18、to work in the forest of Africa, going there 42 the fulfillment (實(shí)現(xiàn)) of her childhood dream. In the summer of 1960 she 43 in Tanzania(坦桑尼亞) on Lake Tanganyikas eastern shore. This marked the 44 of the longest continuous field study of animals in their 45 habitat(棲息地). Five years 46 , she earned a do

19、ctors degree at Cambridge University and then 47 to Tanzania to found the Gombe Stream Research Center. And in 1977, to provide on- -going 48 for chimp research, Dr Goodall 49 The Jane Goodall Institute. Today, she 50 most of her time traveling around the world, giving lectures on her 51 at Gombe an

20、d speaking to school groups about Roots & Shoots, her environmental education and humanitarian program for the 52 . “Chimps have given me so 53 . The long hours spent with them in the 54 have enriched my life beyond measure. What I have learned from them has shaped my 55 of human behavior, of our pl

21、ace in nature.”36. A. way B. ideaC. knowledgeD. method 37. A. suggested B. achievedC. arguedD. changed 38. A. modest B. special C. rude D. wild 39. A. exercise B. trainingC. living D. practice 40. A. devoted B. let C. made D. led 41. A. If B. BecauseC. Although D. Once42. A. meant B. stopped C. inte

22、nded D. inspired43. A. arrived B. left C. reached D. went 44. A. end B. beginningC. happeningD. achievement 45. A. new B. old C. man-madeD. natural 46. A. later B. before C. ago D. behind 47. A. connected B. referredC. returned D. turned 48. A. environmentB. evidence C. time D. support 49. A. create

23、d B. built C. founded D. set50. A. costs B. spends C. pays D. devotes 51. A. bravery B. presenceC. experiences D. appearance 52. A. animals B. youth C. human D. adults 53. A. little B. many C. much D. few 54. A. field B. universityC. institute D. forest55. A. imagination B. desireC. understanding D.

24、 protectionkeys：36-40 BADBD 41-45 CAABD 46-50 ACDCB 51-55 CBCDC2Sheri Straily never knew how far lifes highway could take her 36 her dream for her children helped her find out.Growing up，Sheri 37 thought for a moment that shed 38 it to college.Instead，she took a job driving a tractortrailer.39 years

25、 passed，Sheri fell in love，married and had three children. 40 she wanted to be close to home，she 41 to a desk job at the trucking company.But one day after work，while Sheri was 42 her kids playing，she began to think，“I want them to achieve so much，but how can I afford to give them the 43 theyll need

26、,like college?”Then it came to her：she was the one who needed 44 first.“45 for it，”her husband encouraged her.So Sheri enrolled at the University of Denvers Womens College，46 let her take all of her classes on weekends，so she 47 still work.Though Sheri loved her 48,she missed home.Sheri would stay a

27、t home on weekends.49 make the two-hour trip to school.“I wish I were home with Steve and the 50，”shed think.But Eric，eight，Ryan，seven，and Kristin，five，51 their mom all the way.“52 do your best，”they said.Sheri did，getting straight As as she entered a 53 in business administration. Now she is attend

28、ing the University of Denver Law School on a merit scholarship.“It hasnt been 54，”wrote Sheri，“but its 55 for me and my family.”36.A.after B.beforeC.untilD.once37.A.never B.justC.everD.even38.A.hit B.makeC.admitD.have39.A.Since B.WithC.WhileD.As40.A.Because B.ForC.ThereforeD.Thus41.A.asked B.returne

29、dC.switchedD.sought42.A.finding B.noticingC.seeingD.watching43.A.opportunitiesB.moneyC.jobsD.career44.A.schoolB.collegeC.helpD.assistance45.A.GoB.SearchC.GetD.Come46.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.as47.A.couldB.mustC.shouldD.may48.A.teachersB.studiesC.classmatesD.job49.A.rather thanB.other thanC.as well asD.

30、less than50.A.kidsB.relativesC.husbandD.parents51.A.opposedB.backedC.agreedD.liked52.A.RarelyB.JustC.StillD.Never53.A.degreeB.workC.jobD.interview54.A.difficultB.unusualC.ordinaryD.easy55.A.rewardingB.interestingC.movingD.demanding36.解析：句意為“Sheri Straily從不知道生活的高速公路能把她帶到多遠(yuǎn)，直到她對孩子的夢想幫助她發(fā)現(xiàn)（生活的高速公路能把她帶到

31、多遠(yuǎn)）”，所以選until。答案：C37.解析：通過上文的never knew的提示，選出never thought，“長這么大，她從未想過能上大學(xué)”。答案：A38.解析：make it相當(dāng)于manage to do sth.或succeed in doing sth.,意為“成功、做到”。答案：B39.解析：“隨著一年年的過去”，as（“隨著”）后接從句。若選擇with應(yīng)改成with years passing。答案：D40.解析：“因?yàn)樗腚x家近一些，所以她換了到卡車公司坐辦公室的工作。”答案：A41.解析：switch“轉(zhuǎn)換”。答案：C42.解析：watch“注視、觀看”；see“看到”

32、。答案：D43.解析：“但是我怎么能給他們提供他們所需要的機(jī)會呢？”opportunity“機(jī)會”，與chance相似。答案：A44.解析：根據(jù)上文的提示like college,選出此題的答案是B。答案：B45.解析：根據(jù)下文的encourage，選擇go for“努力獲取”。答案：A46.解析：which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，指代“Sheri enrolled at the University of Denvers Womens College”。答案：C47.解析：根據(jù)上文可知句意為“因此她仍然能工作”，所以選A。答案：A48.解析：上文講的是她上大學(xué)的事，所以這

33、句的意思應(yīng)為“盡管Sheri喜歡學(xué)習(xí)，但她還是想家”。答案：B49.解析：根據(jù)上文的“she missed home”,選rather than“而不是”。全句意為“周末，Sheri將待在家中，而不是花兩小時的路程去學(xué)校”。other than“除之外”；as well as“與一樣好”“和”“除之外”；less than“少于”。答案：A50.解析：通過下文的“Eric，eight，Ryan，seven，and Kristin，five”推測出此空應(yīng)填kids“孩子”,相當(dāng)于children。答案：A51.解析：oppose“反對”;back“支持”；agree“同意”，應(yīng)說agree wi

34、th sb.。答案：B52.解析：just用在祈使句中意為“就請，盡管好了”。本句的意思是“就請盡力吧！”。答案：B53.解析：“Sheri盡力了，在參加商業(yè)管理的學(xué)位考試時順利地得到了A。” degree “學(xué)位”。答案：A54.解析：通過下文的but知道前后意義發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)折，因此選擇easy。答案：D55.解析：rewarding“值得的”。答案：A3Harriet Tubman was born a slave. She didnt get a 36 to go to school. 37 a child, Harriet had to work very hard in 38 all da

35、y. That way, her owner could 39 a lot of money when he sold his crops. Harriet 40 think that she was being treated fairly. 41 Harriet grew up, she ran away from the plantation（莊園） to the northern United States. There, and in Canada, 42 could be free.Harriet liked to be free. She felt 43 for all of t

36、he black people who were 44 slaves.Harriet returned to 45 to help other slaves to run away. She made 46 that they got to the north and became free.Harriet was in great 47 because of a law that 48 . The law said it was not permitted to 49 runaway slaves. She also 50 that the slave owners said they wo

37、uld 51 $ 4 000 to anyone who could catch Harriet Tubman.There were many stories about Harriet 52 slaves run away. In all, she made nineteen trips back to the South and guided about 300 slaves to 53 . When the Civil War broke out, the northern states 54 with the southern states. Harriet 55 the northe

38、rn states because the northerners believed that slaves should be free. She worked as a nurse and spied behind enemy lines until the northern states won the war.36. A. day B. chance C. permission D. moment37. A. As B. Being C. Since D. Like38. A. the farm B. a school C. the fields D. a factory39. A.

39、make B. pay C. got D. spend40. A. certainly B. didnt C. did D. no longer41. A. Since B. After C. Then D. With42. A. the white B. white C. black D. black people43. A. happy B. sure C. wrong D. sorry44. A. still B. yet C. only D. not45. A. Canada B. the South C. the North D. the U. S.46. A. perfect B.

40、 way C. possible D. sure47. A. anger B. anxiety C. hurry D. danger48. A. has just been passed B. had just been broken C. had just been passed D. has just been broken49. A. help B. set free C. stop D. catch50. A. found B. noticed C. found out D. made sure51. A. pay B. make C. spend D. get52. A. help

41、B. helped C. helping D. to help53. A. freedom B. safety C. North D. southern states54. A. united B. fought C. made peace D. gave in55. A. looked for B. stood for C. looked on D. went tokeys：3640 BACAB 4145 BDDAB 4650 DDCAC 5155 ACABB重點(diǎn)解析：36. 此處不是強(qiáng)調(diào)上學(xué)時間的長短，排除A、D。從下文As a child, Harriet had to work.看，她

42、是沒有機(jī)會去上學(xué)，而不是別人不允許。故選B。37. As a child 相當(dāng)于when she was a child。38. 從下文的That way, her owner could make a lot of money when he sold his crops.分析，排除B、D，farm與on搭配，故答案為C。40. 從下文她長大后，從莊園逃跑判斷，她認(rèn)為別人對她不公平，她地和逃跑，故答案為B。43. 根據(jù)下文她幫奴隸逃跑一事，她對奴隸應(yīng)該感到同情，抱歉和不安，故選D。45. 根據(jù)上下文，她從南部逃到北部，再回，應(yīng)該是回到南部，故選B。47. in danger固定詞組，意為“處

43、于危險中，有危險”。48. break the law破壞法律，pass the law通過法律，根據(jù)上下文，排除B、D、A時態(tài)與上下文不一致，故選C。52. about為介詞，介詞后應(yīng)用名詞或v.-ing作賓語，Harriet是v.-ing的邏輯主語，故選C。55. stand for 意為“贊同，支持”，符合句意，故選B。閱讀理解：AA large number of women in Western European countries wish that they were born men. The number is said as high as 60% in West Germ

44、any.“Women often wish that they had the same chance as men have, and believe it is still mens world,” said Dr James Holden, one of the scientists who did the study.Anne Harper has a very good job for an international oil company. She also believes in “Womens Liberation”. “I dont wish that I were a m

45、an,” she says. “And I dont think many women do. But I do wish that people would stop looking down upon us women. At work, for example, we often do the work that men do but get paid less. There are still a lot of jobs that are usually the best ones and open only to men. If youre a man, you have a muc

46、h better chance of leading an exciting life. How many women pilots are thereor engineers or scientists?”56. A lot of women in wish that they were born men. A. European countriesB. West Germany C. West EuropeD. West Germany57. “It is still a mens would.” Means “ ” A. Therere more men than women in th

47、e world. B. Therere more men scientists or engineers than women in the world. C. Women cannot live without men. D. Women have not been given the same chance as men.58. Anne Harper considers that women should . A. be really liberatedB. live a better life C. be well paidD. get better jobs than men59.

48、Anne Harper doesnt wish that she were a man because she . A. has got a very good job B. believes in “Women Liberation” C. does the work that a man cant do D. isnt looked down upon by anyone60. Which of the following is NOT true? A. Usually the best jobs are not open to women. B. Women are less paid

49、than men for the same job. C. Therere more men pilots, engineers and scientists than women. D. Women are looked down upon because theyre the second-class citizens（二等公民）.keys：5660 CDABD重點(diǎn)解析：56. 該題為句意理解題。從第一句中in Western European countries 來理解，西部的歐洲國家即西歐，故選C。57. 該題為句意理解題。從文中對男女平等問題的爭論中，可看出女人在許多方面并沒有得到同

50、等的機(jī)會、待遇，故選D。58該題為推理題。從她believes in Womens Liberation及對男女平等的希望與描述中，可推出她希望的是真正的婦女解放，故選A。60. 該題為是非判斷題。婦女之所以受歧視，是因?yàn)槿藗兊钠姡⒎窃从趮D女本身，故D為不正確敘述。BAgnes Miller was one of the earliest leaders of the Womens Liberation Movement in the United States. She was born on a farm in Missouri in 1892. Strangely enough sh

51、e had a very happy life as a child. She was the only daughter and the youngest child of five. Her parents and her brothers always treated her as their favorite.In 1896 the family moved to Chicago. Three years later they moved back to St. Louis where Agnes spent the rest of her childhood. She enjoyed

52、 her years in school and was an excellent student of mathematics. She also was quite skillful as a painter.It was when Agnes went off to college that she first learned that women were not treated as equals. She didnt like being treated unequally but she tried not to notice it. After graduating from

53、college she tried to get a job in her major fieldphysics. She soon found it was almost impossible for a woman.Agnes spent a full year looking for a job. Finally she gave up in anger. She began writing letters of anger to various newspapers. An editor in New York liked her ideas very much. He specially liked her style. He asked her to do a series of stories on the difficulties that women had in finding a job. And there she b