1、unit1 festivals and celebrations 節(jié)日和慶典節(jié)日和慶典 festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 自古以來，世界各地就有自古以來，世界各地就有各種各樣的節(jié)日和慶典。各種各樣的節(jié)日和慶典。 festivals and celebrations of all kindshave been held everywhere since ancient times+most ancient festivals would celebrate

2、the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. 最古老的節(jié)日總是慶祝嚴寒的最古老的節(jié)日總是慶祝嚴寒的結(jié)束、結(jié)束、 春季的種植和秋天的收割。春季的種植和秋天的收割。 most ancient festivalswould celebratethe end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumnsometimes celebration would be held after hunters had caught animals. 有時，

3、有時， 在獵人捕獲獵物后，在獵人捕獲獵物后， 也舉行慶?；顒?。也舉行慶祝活動。 sometimes celebration would be heldhunters had caught animalsafterat that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 在那個時代，在那個時代， 如果食物難以找到，如果食物難以找到， 特別特別是在寒冷的冬月，是在寒冷的冬月， 人們會挨餓。人們會挨餓。 at that time people wo

4、uld starvefood was difficult to findif,especially during the cold winter months?to find food was difficult =it was difficult to find food.=food was difficult to find.食物難以找到食物難以找到todays festivals have many origins ,some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. 現(xiàn)在的節(jié)日有很多由來，現(xiàn)在的節(jié)日

5、有很多由來， 一些一些是宗教上的，一些是季節(jié)性的，一是宗教上的，一些是季節(jié)性的，一些是紀念特殊的人和事件的些是紀念特殊的人和事件的。 todays festivals have many origins ,some (origins are ) religious, some (origins are ) seasonal, and some (origins are ) for special people or events.festivals of the dead 亡靈節(jié)亡靈節(jié) some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satis

6、fy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 有些節(jié)日有些節(jié)日,是為了紀念死者是為了紀念死者, 或使祖或使祖先得到滿足，先得到滿足， 因為祖先們有可能回到世上因為祖先們有可能回到世上 (給人們給人們) 提供幫助，提供幫助， 也有可能帶來危害。也有可能帶來危害。 some festivals are heldto honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestorswho might returneither to help or to do harm(the dead and

7、the ancestors) for the japanese festival obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂蘭盆節(jié)，在日本的盂蘭盆節(jié)， 人們要人們要掃墓、掃墓、 燒香，燒香， 以緬懷祖先以緬懷祖先。 for the japanese festival obon, peopleshould go toclean graves and light incensein memory of their ancestors. they also l

8、ight lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 他們還點起燈籠，他們還點起燈籠， 奏響樂曲，奏響樂曲， 因為因為他們認為這樣做可以把祖先引回到世上他們認為這樣做可以把祖先引回到世上。 they alsolight lamps and play musicbecausethey think thatthis will lead the ancestors back to earthin mexico, people celebrate the day of

9、the dead in early november. 在墨西哥，亡靈節(jié)是在在墨西哥，亡靈節(jié)是在 11 月初。月初。 on this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 在這個重要的節(jié)日里，在這個重要的節(jié)日里， 人們會吃制成顱骨人們會吃制成顱骨形狀的食物，形狀的食物， 和裝點有和裝點有“骨頭骨頭”的蛋糕。的蛋糕。 on this important feast day,people eatfood in the shape of skulls an

10、d cakes with “bones” on themthey offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. 他們他們向亡者祭獻食物、向亡者祭獻食物、 鮮花和禮品。鮮花和禮品。 they offerfood, flowers and giftsto the deadthe western holiday halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. 西方節(jié)日萬圣節(jié)也源自人們古老西方節(jié)日萬圣節(jié)也源自人們古老的信念，的

11、信念， 認為亡者的靈魂會返回人間。認為亡者的靈魂會返回人間。 the western holiday halloween also hadits originin old beliefsabout the return of the spirits of dead peopleit is now a childrens festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets. 萬圣節(jié)如今成了孩子們的節(jié)日，萬圣節(jié)如今成了孩子們的節(jié)日， 這天這天他們可以喬裝打扮上到鄰居家要糖吃。他們可以

12、喬裝打扮上到鄰居家要糖吃。 it is now a childrens festivalwhen they candress up and go to their neighbours homesto ask for sweets(in/during a childrens festival) if the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. 如果鄰居什么糖也不給，如果鄰居什么糖也不給， 那么孩子們就那么孩子們就可以捉弄他們了。可以捉弄他們了。 the children migh

13、t play a trick on themifthe neighbours do not give any sweets.festivals to honour people 紀念名人的節(jié)日紀念名人的節(jié)日 festivals can also be held to honour famous people . 也有紀念名人的節(jié)日也有紀念名人的節(jié)日。 festivals can also be heldto honour famous peoplethe dragon boat festival in china honours the famous ancient poet, qu yuan

14、. 中國的端午節(jié)中國的端午節(jié)(龍舟節(jié)龍舟節(jié))， 是紀念著名是紀念著名古代詩人屈原的。古代詩人屈原的。 the dragon boat festival in chinahonoursthe famous ancient poet, qu yuan in the usa columbus day is in memory of the arrival of christopher columbus in new world. 美國的哥倫布日是紀念克里斯托美國的哥倫布日是紀念克里斯托弗弗哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)“新大陸新大陸”的日子。的日子。 in the usa columbus dayisin m

15、emory of the arrival of christopher columbus in new worldindia has a national festival on october 2 to honour mohandas gandhi, the leader who helped gain indias independence from britain. 印度在印度在 10 月月 2 日有個日有個全國性節(jié)日，全國性節(jié)日， 紀念莫漢達斯紀念莫漢達斯甘地，他甘地，他是幫助印度脫離英國而獨立的領(lǐng)袖。是幫助印度脫離英國而獨立的領(lǐng)袖。 india has a national fest

16、ival on october 2to honour mohandas gandhi， the leader who helped gain indias independence from britain(the leader/ gandhi)harvest festivals 豐收的節(jié)日豐收的節(jié)日 harvest and thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. 收獲收獲(豐收豐收)與感恩節(jié)是非常喜慶的節(jié)與感恩節(jié)是非常喜慶的節(jié)日。日。 people are grateful because their food is gathered

17、 for the winter and the agricultural work is over. 越冬的糧食收集起來了，越冬的糧食收集起來了， 農(nóng)活結(jié)束農(nóng)活結(jié)束了，了， 人們都心懷感激。人們都心懷感激。 people are gratefulbecausetheir food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is overin european countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit,

18、 and will get together to have meals. 在歐洲國家，在歐洲國家， 人們通常用花果來裝人們通常用花果來裝飾教堂和市政廳，飾教堂和市政廳， 在一起聚餐。在一起聚餐。 peoplewill usuallydecoratechurches and town hallswith flowers and fruitandwill get together to have mealssome people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most han

19、dsome rooster. 有些人還可能因為他們的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品有些人還可能因為他們的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品( (參加各種評選參加各種評選) ) 而獲獎，而獲獎， 比如最大的比如最大的西瓜或最帥的公雞。西瓜或最帥的公雞。 some people might win awards for their farm producelike the biggest watermelon or the most handsome roosterchina and japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in china, enjoy mo

20、oncakes.中國和日本都有中秋節(jié)中國和日本都有中秋節(jié), ,這時，人這時，人們會賞月們會賞月, ,在中國在中國, ,人們還品嘗月餅。人們還品嘗月餅。 china and japan have mid-autumn festivalswhen peopleadmire the moon and in china, enjoy mooncakesin/at mid-autumn festivalsspring festivals 春天的節(jié)日春天的節(jié)日 the most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward

21、 to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 最富生氣而又最重要的節(jié)日，最富生氣而又最重要的節(jié)日， 就是就是告別冬天、告別冬天、 迎來春天的日子。迎來春天的日子。 the most energetic and important festivals are the onesthat look forwardto the end of winter and to the coming of springthe onesat the spring festival in china, people eat dumplings, fish an

22、d meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. 中國人過春節(jié)要吃餃子、魚和肉中國人過春節(jié)要吃餃子、魚和肉, ,還還要給孩子們送紅紙包著的壓歲錢。要給孩子們送紅紙包著的壓歲錢。 at the spring festival in chinapeopleeatdumplings, fish and meatand may give children lucky money in red paperthere are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar

23、 new year together. (他們他們) 舞龍燈、舞龍燈、 狂歡，狂歡， 全家人聚在全家人聚在一起歡慶陰歷年。一起歡慶陰歷年。 there are dragon dances and carnivalsandfamilies celebrate the lunar new year togethersome western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before easter, usually in february. 在一些西方國家有激動人心的狂歡在一些西方國家有激動人心

24、的狂歡節(jié)節(jié),通常在二月通常在二月,復(fù)活節(jié)前的四十天。復(fù)活節(jié)前的四十天。 some western countries have very exciting carnivalswhich take place forty days before easter, usually in februaryvery exciting carnivalsthese carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. 狂歡節(jié)

25、期間狂歡節(jié)期間,人們身著各種艷麗的節(jié)日盛裝人們身著各種艷麗的節(jié)日盛裝,伴伴隨著鼓噪的音樂隨著鼓噪的音樂,在街頭游行在街頭游行,晝夜跳舞。晝夜跳舞。 these carnivals might includeparades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kindseaster is an important religious and social festival for christians around the world. 復(fù)活節(jié)是全世界基督教徒的一復(fù)活節(jié)是全世界基督教徒的一個重要的宗教和公眾節(jié)日。個重要的宗教和公眾節(jié)日。 it celebrates the return of jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. 它慶祝耶穌復(fù)活，它慶祝耶穌復(fù)活， 也歡慶春天和也歡慶春天和新生命的到來。新生命的到來。 it celebratesthe return of jesus