1、Unit 1 Great scientistsReading高二人教新課標版必修五高二人教新課標版必修五Pre-reading 1.What impresses you most in 2003?Which person impresses you most during the SARS?What other infectious diseases do you know?For example: When you eat some food that is not freshYou may feelMaybe you have got _.Choleradraw a conclusiont

2、hink of a methodcollect resultsmake a questionfind a problemanalyse the resultsfind supporting evidencefind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsdraw a conclusionHow to prove a new idea in scientific research?find supporting evidenceJohn Snow defeats “King chole

3、ra”John Snow defeats “king cholera”What can you learn from the title?人物：人物：事件：事件：defeats cholera Who is John Snow?What happened to them? attended her as her personal physicianQueen VictoriaJohn Snow 約翰約翰.斯諾斯諾(1813 1858), 英國麻醉學家、英國麻醉學家、流行病專家。他首次提出了流行病專家。他首次提出了預防霍亂的措施。預防霍亂的措施。1854年年, 倫敦霍亂流行倫敦霍亂流行, 斯諾通

4、過研究斯諾通過研究霍亂病死者的日常生活情況霍亂病死者的日常生活情況, 尋找到他們的共同行為模式尋找到他們的共同行為模式,發現了霍亂與飲用不潔水的發現了霍亂與飲用不潔水的關系關系, 由于及時切斷了二者由于及時切斷了二者的聯系的聯系, 有效制止了霍亂的有效制止了霍亂的流行。流行。Four outbreaks of cholera in the 1830s and 1840s killed many people in England. In 1854, “the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in the kingdom

5、” began. It was so violent and sudden that 127 people died in the first three days.The terrible choleraBacteria / germs of cholera Name of illness Symptom(癥狀癥狀) Aftereffect(后果后果)What was the cause of this illness? How did John Snow find it out?Skim the text and find the main idea of the text. The pa

6、ssage is mainly about: _ How John Snow found the cause of the cholera and defeated it. Fastreading:Read the passage quickly and find the number below and the relevant happenings in the passage.Two theoriesIn 1854500 , 10The first suggested thatmultiplied in the air; The second suggestedabsorbed this

7、 disease into their bodies with their meals.Another outbreak hit London.More than 500 people had died in 10 days.16, 37, 38 and 4020, 21; 8, 97These numbers in Broad Street near the water pump had many of the deaths20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street had no deaths.They didnt drink th

8、e water from the Broad Street pump.These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.16372089pump3840BROAD STREETCAMBRIDGE STREET21John Snows Cholera Map7PubWhat is the problem?The cholera was the most deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.What caused cholera

9、?Make a question: Which theory to believe in? Cholera multiplied in the air without reason. A cloud of dangerous gas would float around until it found its victims.People absorbed it with their meals.Which one do you believe more?What about John Snow?A map of Broad StreetWhat method did he use?Broad

10、StreetMany deaths happened here.No death happened here.It seemed the water from the pump was to blame. What did he do next?Public house(Para 6) What was another supporting evidence?(Para 5) He looked into the source of the waterJohn Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carrie

11、d the virus.Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.John Snow began to test two theories.An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.He announced that the water carried the disease.John Snow marked the deaths on a map. 2147Carefulreading:King Cholera was defeated.He fo

12、und that most of the deaths were near a water pump.He had the handle removed from the water pump.John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.3856Para-graphStages in an experimentExample in this investigation1Find a problem2Make a question3Think of a methodWhat cause cholera

13、?Which theory is correct?Collect data on those who were ill or died and where they got their water.Fill in the blanks. 4Collect results5Analyse results6find supporting evidence7Draw a conclusionPlot information on a map to find out where people died or did not die.Analyse the water to see if that is

14、 the cause of the illness.Find other evidence to support the analysis.The water is to blame. The source of all drinking water should be examined so that it is safe.draw a conclusionfind a problemmake a questionthink of a methodcollect resultsanalyse the resultsrepeat if necessaryMatch themPara 1Para

15、 2Para 3Para 4Para 5Para 6Para 7Prevention of Cholera1. John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?KEY: John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the po

16、lluted water.Read and answer the questions.2. Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.KEY: No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified

17、those houses that had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3. Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?KEY: Four diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS, TB(肺結核肺結核)

18、and bird-flu, because they are both very serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.1. The passage mainly tells us that _.A. the cause of cholera was polluted water B. John Snow was a well-known doctor in LondonC. the source of all drinking water should be examinedD. Jo

19、hn Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”Choose the best answer. D 2. What was the key help for John Snows discovery?A. The government. B. The woman moving away from Broad Street.C. The water company.D. The map made by himself.D John Snow was a well-known _ in London in the _ cent

20、ury. He wanted to find the _ of cholera in order to _ it. In 1854 when a cholera _ out, he began to gather information.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokeHe _ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the _ died. So he decided that the pollu

21、ted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _ of all water supply be _ and new methods of _ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.markedpumpsourceexamineddealingWhat should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera? Heal the foo

22、d left overnightCook raw food thoroughlyWash hands oftenKeep away from flieschoose fresh sea foodKeep the kitchen cleanDispose rubbish properly.Drink boiled waterDiscussion1. know about 了解有關了解有關.的情況的情況know of 聽說過聽說過1)有些事我想了解一下。有些事我想了解一下。There is something I want to know about.2)我聽說過那件事我聽說過那件事, 但不很清楚

23、。但不很清楚。I know of it , but I didnt know it well.Language points2. conclude: v. 作結論作結論, 斷定斷定 The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪審團認定他有罪。陪審團認定他有罪。 to conclude: 總而言之總而言之, 總之總之 To conclude, I want to thank you for your help. conclusion: n. 結論結論得出結論得出結論arrive atdraw/reach come toa conclusion1) 那些都是事實

24、那些都是事實, 你你能從中得出什么結論能從中得出什么結論?Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them?2) 我我得出結論你在說謊。得出結論你在說謊。I came to/drew /reached the conclusion the conclusion that you were lying.3)根據這些事實根據這些事實, 我們能對金字塔是如何我們能對金字塔是如何建建成的得出一些結論。成的得出一些結論。From these facts, we can draw some conclusions about how the pyram

25、ids were built.3. defeat v./ n.He defeated the champion in three sets.His words completely defeated me.The Party faces defeat in the election.擊敗擊敗, 戰勝戰勝使困惑使困惑win / beat /defeat win “贏得贏得, 獲勝獲勝”, 后接獎品后接獎品, 獎金獎金, 名譽名譽, 財產財產beat “擊敗擊敗, 戰勝戰勝”, 后接競爭隊伍或者對手后接競爭隊伍或者對手, 敵人敵人defeat “擊敗，戰勝擊敗，戰勝”, 后接競爭隊伍或者后接競爭隊

26、伍或者對手對手, 敵人敵人, (此用法同此用法同beat), 疾病等。疾病等。1) Mary _ the first place in the competition.2) Our school _ their school at football.3) I _ John at chess yesterday.wonbeat / defeatedbeat / defeated4. John Snow was a famous doctor in London-so expert, indeed, that be attended Queen Victoria as her personal p

27、hysician.約翰約翰. .斯諾曾經是一位著名的醫生斯諾曾經是一位著名的醫生-他的確他的確醫術精湛醫術精湛, ,因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。因而成了維多利亞女王的私人大夫。1) expert n. 專家專家; 高手高手; 權威權威an agricultural expert 農業專家農業專家an expert with the computer 電腦高手電腦高手expert 也可以作形容詞也可以作形容詞, “熟練的熟練的; 老練的老練的;經驗經驗(或知識或知識)豐富的豐富的”an expert rider 熟練的騎手熟練的騎手 an expert opinion 內行的意見內行的意見照

28、看照看, 照料照料 如如:醫生照看病人。醫生照看病人。The doctor attended (on / upon) the patients.出席出席, 到場到場 如如:attend school 上學上學attend a lecture 聽講座聽講座attend church 去教堂去教堂attend (at) a wedding 出席婚禮出席婚禮2) attend v.注意注意, 留意留意 如如:Well attend to the solution of that problem later. attend to處理處理, 辦理辦理 我有許多事情要處理。我有許多事情要處理。照顧照顧,

29、照料照料先生先生, 有人接待你嗎？有人接待你嗎？Are you being attended to ?If you go out, Ill attend to the baby.專心專心, 注意注意If you dont attend to the teacher, youll never learn anything.attendance n. 照顧照顧, 出席出席I have some important things to attend to.5. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people e

30、xposed to cholera.exposed to cholera 在句子中是過去分詞用作在句子中是過去分詞用作后置定語后置定語, 表示被動表示被動, 意為意為 “患霍亂的患霍亂的”。如。如:The book written by LuXun is very popular. 魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。魯迅寫的書是很受歡迎的。昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生。昨天我們看見的那個人是史密斯先生。The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.發散思維：發散思維：exposed adj. 暴露的暴露的, 暴露于風雨中的暴露于風雨中的, 無掩蔽的無

31、掩蔽的exposedness n. 暴露暴露, 顯露顯露開放思維開放思維: expose to 使易受使易受, 使受使受 expose sth to the light of day把某事暴露于光天化日之下把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿騙局揭穿騙局1) Miles of sand are exposed at low tide.2) The people of some Asian countries were exposed to the tsunami in 2004.3) He exposed the crime to the police.4) He exp

32、osed the plan to the newspsper.to uncoverto make sufferto make known 5) The wolf opened its mouth to _ a row of sharp teeth.6) Dont _ your skin to the sun; your skin will be hurt.exposeexpose6.This was the deadly disease of its day.die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. (1)dangerous; likely to

33、cause death 危險的危險的; 致命的致命的 a deadly disease / weapon (2)highly effective against sth. or someone 強有力的強有力的; 致命的致命的 a deadly remark 擊中要害的評論擊中要害的評論(3) aiming to kill or destroy意在殺死的意在殺死的; 不共戴天的不共戴天的: a deadly enemy 不共戴天的敵人不共戴天的敵人deadly adv. (1)very 極度極度; 非常非常; 十分十分 deadly serious 十分認真十分認真 (2)like death

34、 死一般地死一般地 deadly pale 死一般蒼白死一般蒼白7. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.every time 在這里是連詞在這里是連詞, 引導時間狀引導時間狀語從句語從句, 意為意為“每次每次, 每當每當”。e.g. Every time I meet him, I always think of the things happened between us.每次見到他每次見到他, 我就想起發生在我們之間的我就想起發生在我們之間的事情。事情。注意注意: imme

35、diately, the moment, directly, instantly 等與等與 every time一樣一樣, 都可以都可以用作連詞引導時間狀語從句用作連詞引導時間狀語從句, 意為意為 “一一.就就”。如：。如：I will give the letter to him immediately I see him.我一見到他就把這封信給他。我一見到他就把這封信給他。I came directly I got your letter.我一接到你的信就來了。我一接到你的信就來了。8. The second suggested that people absorbed this dise

36、ase into their bodies with their meals .o 吸收吸收 如：如：e.g. The big company has gradually absorbed these small companies into its own organization. 這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。這家大公司逐漸將這些小的公司吞并了。absorb v. (1) 吸收吸收(液體液體)Water absorbs oxygen.(2) The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could g

37、ive him.(3) The book absorbed his attention.(4) The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.理解理解, 接受接受吸引吸引(注意力注意力, 興趣等興趣等)使并入使并入, 吞并吞并be absorbed in 被被吸引吸引; 專心于專心于; 全神貫注于某事全神貫注于某事 如如:He is absorbed in his book.The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. suggest 經常有經常有“建議建議”的意思的意

38、思, 但在這個句子但在這個句子里的意思是里的意思是“暗示間接表明暗示間接表明”。如：。如：The disorganized meeting suggested bad preparation.混亂的會場表明準備工作很差。混亂的會場表明準備工作很差。suggest 還有還有 “建議建議”的意思的意思, 在后文中有體現在后文中有體現:“To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.” 為防止這種情況再度為防止這種情況再度發

39、生發生, I suggested that he should give up smoking.我建議他戒煙。我建議他戒煙。The chairman suggested the meeting be put off until next week. 主席建議會議延遲到下周舉行。主席建議會議延遲到下周舉行。suggest 后面還可以接后面還可以接-ing形式或名詞。如：形式或名詞。如：She suggested a picnic at the weekend.她提議周末去野餐。她提議周末去野餐。Kane suggested leaving early for the airport. 凱恩提議早

40、些發去機場。凱恩提議早些發去機場。他發現在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別厲害他發現在兩條街道上霍亂流行的特別厲害,在十天之內就死去了五百多人。在十天之內就死去了五百多人。9. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.severe adj. (1)unsparing or harsh, as in treatment of others; strict 嚴厲的嚴厲的; 苛刻的苛刻的; 嚴格的嚴格的. 如如:The severe

41、trainer has gone abroad. You can breathe freely again.(2)causing sharp discomfort or distress; extremely violent or intense; very serious. 劇痛的劇痛的, 劇烈的劇烈的, 嚴重的嚴重的, 難熬的難熬的 如如:a severe attack of toothache.要求苛嚴的教官已經出國要求苛嚴的教官已經出國, 你可以完全放心。你可以完全放心。牙痛的劇烈發作。牙痛的劇烈發作。這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因這張地圖提供了一條說明霍亂起因的很有價值的線索。的很有

42、價值的線索。10. This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.valuable(1) adj. worth of a lot of money 值錢的值錢的, 貴重的貴重的 如：如：The watch is valuable. 這表很值錢。這表很值錢。a valuable diamond. 貴重的鉆石。貴重的鉆石。(2) adj. having great usefulness or value 如如:valuable information(3)n. (常用復數形式常用復數形式)sth that worth a

43、lot of money 如如:Cathy kept her valuables in a safe.重大的消息重大的消息凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里。凱西把她的貴重物品藏在保險箱里。泵泵 (油泵油泵; 氣泵氣泵), 抽水機抽水機, 打氣筒打氣筒11. pump12. It seemed that the water was to blame. 看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲水了。be+動詞不定式動詞不定式, 可以表示該做或不該做的可以表示該做或不該做的事情事情, 相當于相當于must, should, ought to 等。等。 如：如：No one is to l

44、eave this building without the permission of the police.沒有警察的允許誰也不準離開這棟樓。沒有警察的允許誰也不準離開這棟樓。You are not to drop litter in the park.公園里不允許亂丟紙屑。公園里不允許亂丟紙屑。受到責備受到責備, 主動表被動主動表被動13. Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets.其次其次, 約翰約翰.斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源。斯諾調查了這兩條街的水源。look into 往往.里

45、面看里面看; to investigate 檢查檢查; 了解。了解。 如：如：Well look into this matter together.我們將一起調查這個問題。我們將一起調查這個問題。開放思維：開放思維：look on 觀看觀看, 面向面向, 旁觀旁觀, 看待看待look out 面朝面朝, 留神留神, 照料照料look over 從上面看從上面看, 察看察看, 檢查檢查look around 環顧環顧, 觀光觀光, 察看察看look through 看穿看穿, 審核審核, 瀏覽瀏覽, 溫習溫習look up and down 仔細打量仔細打量, 到處尋找到處尋找look aft

46、er 尋求尋求, 照顧照顧, 關心關心14. handle n. 柄柄, 把手把手A. 操作操作; 運用運用 B. 經銷經銷; 買賣買賣 C. 管理管理 D. 對待對待 E. 應付應付 F. 控制控制; 管理管理handle v.Choose the correct explanations.1) Ms Hawkins, the chief accountant of the company handles the companys accounts.2) The children are so naughty that I cant handle them.3) She handled a

47、difficult argument skillfully.CFE4) Handle children kindly, if you want them to trust you.5) This shop handles paper and stationery.6) He learnt how to handle the axe.DBAlinkto. 把把與與連接連接; 聯系聯系 如：如：Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.指紋證實了嫌疑犯的犯罪事實。指紋證實了嫌疑犯的犯罪事實。be linked to 連接連接 如：如：The two towns are linked by a railway.15. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在倫敦的