1、專轉本培訓語法（三）將來進行時：概念：將來進行時主要表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，并繼續下去的動作。常用來表示禮貌的詢問、請求等。第一人稱 I shall/will be leaving. We shall/will be leaving.第二人稱 You will be leaving. You will be leaving.第三人稱 He/She/It will be leaving. They will be leaving.Dont phone me between 5 and 6. Well be having dinner then. 五點至六點之間

2、不要給我打電話，那時我們在吃飯。When I get home, my wife will probably be watching television. 當我到家時，我太太可能正在看電視。Ill be meeting him tomorrow/next year/some time.我明天/下一年/某個時間將去見他。常用的時間狀語Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，in two days, tomorrow eveningBy this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.明

3、天的這個時間，我將會躺在海灘上了。一種愜意的感覺,將來進行時的基本用法：將來進行時表示在將來某一時間內正在進行的動作。將來進行時有很強的推測性，因此人們往往在以下幾種場合中使用它：（1）表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，一般帶狀語。如：What will you be doing at this time next Monday?星期一的這個時間你會干什么？When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.明天他來我家時，我將會在寫報告。(2)表示現在正在進行的動作，但這個動作會延續到將來。如：I wonder if

4、 it will still be raining this afternoon.I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.(3)表示預定的將來動作或對將來的預測。如：Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay.After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better(4)表示委婉的請求When shall we be meeting again.到那時我們將會再見面的.(5)表示原因Please com

5、e tomorrow afternoon .Tomorrow morning, Ill be having a meeting.你明天下午來吧,明天早上我將回參加一個會議.,(6)表示結果Stop the child or he will be falling over.(7)表示對將來的打算（區別于對將來的預測）My duties will end in July , and Ill be returning to ShangHai. 六月份我的任務就結束了,我打算返回上海. 1.They with us for the time being .A. will stay B. would s

6、tay C. have been staying D. will be staying 2.The car at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about ten oclock tonight .A. would go B. went C. will be going D. goes 3.Smith will not be able to attend the meeting tonight because A. he must have a classB. he will be teaching

7、a classC. he teaches a classD. he will have been teaching a class4.He his meals in the hotel when he lives here.A.will have been eating B.will be eating C.will have eatenD.will be eaten5.This time next week Ill be on vacation .Probably I on.A.am lying B. have lain C.will have lain D.will be lying 6.

8、I wont be able to watch the concert on TV because I homework at that time.A.shall have done B.shall be doing C.shall do D.shall have doing7.I my father-in law at three this afternoon.A.shall be seeing B.shall be seenC.shall have been seeing D.shall have seen 2、將來完成時 將來完成時用來表示在將來某一時間以前已經完成或一直持續的動作。經常

9、與before+將來時間或by+將來時間連用，也可與before或by the time引導的現在時的從句連用。2) 概念 a. 狀態完成：表示某事繼續到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態。 b. 動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前，已經完成的動作或一獲得的經驗。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 構成 （shall）will+have+動詞過去分詞Before long he will have forgotten

10、all about the matter. 不久他就會全然忘記這件事的。 He is somebody now. He will not have remembered his old classmates. 他現在是一個有身份的人了，他可能不會記得老同學了。 Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month? 到下個月你認識凱文該有10年了吧？ 將來完成時的用法 表示在將來某一時間之前已完成的動作，并往往對將來某一時間產生影響。 We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term. 到

11、這個學期末，我們將學完12個單元。 By the time you get home I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom. 你到家之前我將把房子徹底打掃一遍。 表示推測，相當于must have done結構。 You will have heard of this, I guess. 我想你已經聽說過這件事了。 I am sure he will have got the information. 我相信他一定得到了這個信息3.表示某種狀態一直持續到說話人所提及的時間we will have been married a year

12、 on June 25th到6月25日我們倆結婚就滿1年了I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the end of this month, we surely_a satisfactory solution to the prob

13、lem. (CET-4 1993, 6) A) have found B) will be found C) will have found D) are finding7 I suppose by the time I come back in ten years time all these old house_down.( )A will have been pulled B will be pulling C will have pulled D will be pulled8 The conference _a full week by the time it ends.A has

14、lasted B lasts C will have lasted D is lasted9 I hope that they _the road by the time we come back.A will have repaired B would have repaired C have repaired D had repaired 1 I have been studying here for four years, by next summer _-. A shall graduate B shall be graduated C shall be graduating D sh

15、all have graduated2 By the time you arrive in London, we _in Europe for two weeks.A shall stay B have stayed C will have stayed D have been staying 3 I hope her health _greatly by the time we come back next year.( )A improves B improved C will be improved D will have improve 4 By 2050 the level of i

16、ndustrial pollution_dangerous levels in many cities.A will have reached B will has reached C will have reached D will reach5 “Are you going to Richard”s birthday party? “Yes. By then I _my homework.” ( )A had finished B will have finished C would have finished D finished6、The conference_a full week

17、by the time it ends. (CET-4 1996, 6) A) must have lasted B) will have lasted C) would last D) has lasted3、將來完成進行時將來完成進行時表示動作從某一時間開始一直延續到將來某一時間。是否繼續下去，要視上下文而定。這個時態常和表示將來某一時間狀語連用。構成：主語+ shall/will have been doing I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. 到

18、今年年底，我將在這個工廠工作20年了If we dont hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱們如不快一點兒，等我們到了那兒，店門就會關了。The play is coming off in August. By then the play will have been running for three months. 這個劇將于8月停演。到那時為止，這個劇將連演三個月了。4、過去完成進行時過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始，一直延續到這一過去時間。動作是否繼續下去，概由上下文而定。和過去完

19、成時一樣，過去完成進行時也必須以一過去時間為前提：(1) I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這個東西，我找了很多天才找著。 (2) Theyd only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 他們只等了不多一會兒，公共汽車就來了。 (3) The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered. 電話鈴響了三分鐘才有人接。2如果上下文清楚，過去時間也可以省去： (1)

20、 He was tired Hed been working all day. 他累了，他工作了一整天。 3過去完成進行時還常用在間接引語中： (1) The doctor asked what he had been eating？ 醫生問他吃什么來著？4和過去完成時一樣，過去完成進行時可后接具有“突然”意義的 when 從句 （些從句用過去一般時）： (1) I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘書他就進來了。 (2) Shed only been studying her lesson for ten

21、minutes when her little sister interrupted her. 她溫習功課不過十分鐘，她的小妹妹就把她打斷了。 5、過去將來進行時1、過去將來進行時表示就過去某一時間而言,將來某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作,主要用于賓語從句中,尤其多用于間接引語中。是“從過去觀點看將要發生的事”。2.過去將來進行時由should(would)+be+現在分詞構成。 He asked me what I should be doing at six the next day. 他問我次日六點將正在做什么。 3.過去將來進行時可以表示在過去某一時間之后即將進行的動作。 He s

22、aid he could not come because he would be having a meeting. 他說他不能來因為要開會6、過去將來完成時過去將來完成時 should / would have done sth. 用法 1.過去將來完成時表示在過去將來某一時間以前發生的動作。并往往會對過去將來某一時間產生影響。它常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。構造：should / would have done sth. I thought youd have left by this time.我想這會兒你已經走了。He told them he would have finished

23、it by 8 oclock.他告訴他們他會在8點以前干完。I guessed that Helen would have told her something.我猜海倫會告訴她一些情況的。We hoped that she would have got the plan ready before we came back. 我們希望她能在我們回來 之前把計劃做好。 He said he would let me have the book as soon as he had read it. 他說書一看完就借給我。 2、 過去將來完成時還常用在虛擬語氣中，表示與過去的事實相反。如： If I

24、 had seen him this afteroom, I would have told him about it. 今天下午我要是見到他，我會 告訴他那件事的。7、過去將來完成進行時 過去將來完成進行時表示動作從過去某一時間開始一直延續到過去將來某一時間。動作是否繼續下去，視上下文而定。由“should/would+ have been +動詞現在分詞”構成。如： He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.如：He said that by the end

25、 of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years. 他說到春季（即下）學期末，他將學了三年英語了。 He told me that by the end of the year. he would have been living there for thirty years 他告訴我，到年底他在那里住了有30年了。注意：下面句中的would 是情態動詞，有“大概”或是“一定”的含義如：What interesting job have you found? Helen asked him,he kn

26、ew she would have been thinking about it. “你找到什么有趣的工作啦？”海倫問他道。他知道海倫一定會一直想這件事情的。8、since 的用法1、since加上過去某個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980、last month、half past six）I have been here since 1985 從1985開始我始終在這兒2、since +一段時間+agoTom and I have been friend since six years ago3 、since+從句Great changes have taken place sin

27、ce you left.4、it is +一段時間+since 從句It is three years since I became a father.9、延續動詞和（瞬間）非延續動詞1、用于完成時的區別;延續動詞表示經驗、經歷；瞬間動詞表示行為結果，不能與表示段時間的狀語聯用：he has completed the work.(表結果)他已經完成哪項工作。I have known him since then(表經歷）我從那時起就認識他。2、用于till和until的差異延續動詞用于表示肯定句中，表示”做.直到”瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示：“到.才”He didnt come back un

28、til ten oclock.他知道十點才回來。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到十點3、瞬間動詞表示的動作極其短暫，不能持續，所以，在現在完成時中一般不能和以since，for等引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如： 1）那老人已經死了一周了。The old man has died for a week(誤) The old man has been dead for a week（正）2）他三天前就已經來這兒了。He has come here since three days ago(誤) He has been here since three days a

29、go（正）4用“It is+時間+since”句式。例如： It ishas been a week since the old man died It has beenis three days since he came here 用“多長時間+has passed+since”句式。例如： A week has passed since the old men died Three days had passed since he came here終止性動詞不可以與how long引導的句式連用。例如： How long have you borrowed the magazine?(

30、誤) When did you borrow the magazine?(正) 10、關于時態一致在一些從句（主要是賓語從句）中謂語動詞的時態，常常受主句中謂語動詞的影響，這叫做時態一致。1、當主句中的時態是現在或者將來時態，基本上，從句中謂語動詞可以是任何需要的時態。I know that Mr. Lou is a good teacher.She believes that he was once a good solider.He will tell us what he is going to do.2. 當主句中的謂語動詞是過去的某種時態，在這中情況下，從句中的謂語動詞可以分為下面三

31、種情況。（1）如果從句中的謂語動詞表示的動作與主句的謂語動詞的動作同時發生，從句要用一般過去時或者過去進行時。He was wondering where he could put the box.The students were talking while the teacher was writing on the blackboard.（2）.如果從句的謂語動詞表示的動作發生在主句之前，從句則用過去完成。The train had left when they got to the station.He said he already had finished his work.（3）

32、. 如果從句的謂語動詞所表示的動作發生在主句謂語動詞的動作之后，則用過去將來時。She said she would finish his work tonight.3.當從句中的謂語動詞說明的是一般真理或者客觀事實，無論主句是何種時態，從句不受影響，仍用現在時態。The boy was told that the earth is round.Everyone knows that sixty minutes make an hour.11、語態 英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。如：They will build a n

33、ew bridge over the river.(主動）A new bridge will be built over the river.(被動）Many people speak Chinese (主動）Chinese is spoken by many people (被動） 漢語中常用“被” “給” “由” “受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語中用，助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構成This mission must be finished as soon as possible.這項任務必須盡快完成Privileges must be done away with. 特權必須廢除。注意：

34、1）感官動詞主動語態的賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式，變為被動語態時，該不定式前要加to.例如：The teacher made me go out of the classroom.老師逼我走出教室。I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher)We saw him play football on the playground我們看見他在操場踢球He was seen to play football on the playground2)情態動詞+be+過去分詞，構成被動語態。例如：Coal can be used to pro

35、duce electricity for agriculture and industry.煤可以產生工農業需要的電。1.Let的用法1）當let后只有一個單音節，變被動語態時，可用不帶to的不定式。例如：They let the strange go.他們放陌生人走了。They strange was let go2)當Let后賓補較長，let通常不用被動語態，而用allow或permit代替。例如；The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.那護士讓我去探望住院的同學。I was allowed/permitted to

36、see my classmate in the hospital.2.短語動詞的被動語態短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹由奶奶照顧。Such a thing has never been heard of before.這樣的事聞所未聞。3.表示“據說” “相信”的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel, report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如；It is said

37、that據說It is reported that據報道It is believed that大家相信It is hope that 大家希望It is well known that眾所周知It is thought that大家認為It is suggested that 據建議It is taken granted that被視為當然It has been decided that大家決定It must be remember that務必記住的是4.不用被動語態的情況1）不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語，如appear,die,disappear,end(vi.結束），fail,happen

38、,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand,break,out,come,true,fall,asleep,keep,silence,lose,heart,take place等沒有無被動語態。例如；After the fire ,verylittle remained of my house.大火過后，我家燒得所剩無幾。比較；rise,fall,happen是不及物動詞；raise,seat是及物動詞。（錯）The price has been risen. （對）The price has risen.(錯）The accident was happened las

39、t week.(對）The accident happened last week.(錯）The price has raised.(對)The price has been raised(錯）Please seat .(對）Please be seated. 要想正確地使用被動語態，就需注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。2)不能用于被動語態的及物動詞或動詞短語，如fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch agree with,arrive at/in,shake

40、 hands with,succeed in,suffer from,happen to,take part in,walk into,belong to 等。例如；This key just fits the lock.這把鑰匙只配這把鎖Your story agrees with what had alread been heard.你說的與我們聽說的一致。3)系動詞無被動語態，如appear,be become,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn,等。例如：it sounds good.聽上去不錯。4

41、)帶同源賓語的及物動詞動詞如die/death,dream/dream,live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態。例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night.她昨晚做了惡夢5)當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態，例如：（對）she likes to swim. (錯)to swim is liked by her5.主動形式表示被動意義1）wash,clean,cook,iron,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell,open,等動詞用來表明主語所具有的某種特性時常用主動形式。例如；The book

42、 sells well. 這本書銷路好This knift cuts easily. 這扇門打不開I like the cloth very much ,because it feels very soft.(這塊布料）摸起來很軟。注意：The books were sold out .書被賣光了。（表動作）2）blame,let(出租），remain,keep,rent,build等。例如：I was to blame for the accident.事故發生了，我該受指責。Much work remains.還有許多活要干3）在need,require,want,worth(形容詞),d

43、eserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。例如；The door needs repairing=The door needs to be repaided.門該修了。This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀6.被動形式表示主動意義，如be determined,be pleased,be graduated (from),be prepared(for),be occupied(in),get married等，例如：He is graduated form a famous university.他畢業于一所有名的大學。注意：表示同某人結婚，用marry sb.或g

44、et married to sb 均可。例如：He married a rich girl.他與一個副富妞結婚了。He got married to a rich girl. 7.need/want/require/worth當need,want,require,be worth后面接doing時，表示的是被動意義。例如Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發該理了.The floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗。典型例題The library needs ,built itll have to wait until Sunday.A cleaning B

45、 be cleaned C clean Dbeing cleaned 答案A need(實意）+n/to do,need (情態）+to,當為被動語態時，還可need+doing.本題考查最后一種用法，選A，如有to be cleaned 則也為正確答案8 被動語態的“by的省略 被動語態句式中的“by+o”是在表示“vt”的“行為者”，但在下例情形時，這個表示行為者的“by+o”常被省略。1行為不明例 Many people are killed in car accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于車禍2不必表明行為者例The game has been put off

46、 until nest Friday afternoon.(這場比賽已被延期至下星期五下午）3 行為者為一般大眾例 Both English and Frence are spoken in Canada.(在加拿大，英語和發育都通用）時態、語態鞏固練習11.The no hospitals in my hometown fifty years ago.A is B are C was D were2.-Who sings best in your class? -Jenny .A. do B. did C. does D. has donen3.- the young girl the ol

47、d man clean his room every day? -Yes, she does.nA. Dose; help B. Has; helped C. Did; help D. Do; helpsn4.-Can I go Beijing for my holiday, Dad? -You can when you a bit older.nA.will get B. get C.are getting D.got n5.-What does Linda often do in the evening?n-She often her homework ,but on the everin

48、g of March 12 she TV.nA.does;watches B.is doing;watched C.does;watched D.is doing;watchingn6.Our geography teacher told us yesterday that the earth around the sun .nA.was moving B.moved C.has moved D.movesn7.If he harder ,he will catch up with us soon.nA.study B.studies C.will study D.studiedn8.-Don

49、t forget to ask him to write to me.n -I wont. As soon as he . Ill ask him to write to you.nA.will come B.come C.comes D.is comingn9.-Do you like this silk dress?n -Yes, I do. It so soft and comfortable.nA.is feeling B.feels C.has felt D.is felt n10.Oh, its you.Im sorry I know you hero.nA.dont ;are B

50、.didnt; are C.didnt ;were D.dont; were n11.Mr Lu Xun died in 1936. He a lot of famous novles .nA.wrote B.was writing C.has written D.would writen12.-Your telephone number again? I quite catch it.n -Its 2567321.nA.cant B.couldt C.dont D.didntn13.-How was your weekend on the farm?n -Great ! We with th

51、e farmers.nA.enjoy ourselves B.went fishing C.will work D.make friendsn14.-What did Mr Jones do before he moved here ?n -He a city bus for over twenty-five years.nA.is driving B.drove C.has driven D.drivesn15.Jane a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.nA.buys B.is buying C.bought D.will b

52、uy n16.-Liu Mei cant come tonight.n -Why? But she me she would come.nA.tells B.told C.is told D.had told n17.He turned off the light and then .nA.leaves B.has left C.will leave D.leftn18.-Keep quiet, plaese.They a meeting.n -Sorry.nA.have B.had C.are having D.have had n19.-Jimmy is leaving for a hol

53、iday.n -Really? Where he ?nA.has ;gone B.will; go C.did; go D.would; gon20.Frank to see his grandma if he free tomorrow.nA.will come; will be B.comes; if C.will come; is D.comes; will ben21.There a talk on science in our school next Monday.nA.will give B.will be C.is going to give D.is n22.-Shall we

54、 go shopping now?n -Sorry ,I cant . I my shirts.nA.wash B.washes C.washed D.am washingn23.-Hurry up! Were all waiting for you.n -I for an important phone call. Go without me.nA.wait B.was waiting C.am waiting D.waitedn24.-Did you see Tom at the party?n -No, he by the time I got there .nA.had left B.

55、was leaving C.left D.has leftn25.-Is this raincoat yours?n -No, mine there behind the door.nA.has hung B.is hanging C.hung D.will hangn26.- you TV at the moment?n- No,you can turn it off.nA.Did; watch B.Are; watching C.Do;watch D.have; watchedn27.I dont think Jim saw me; he a book at that moment.nA.

56、just read B.has just read C.was just reading D.was writingn28.Mr Smith a book about China last year but I dont knowwhether he has fijnished it.nA.has written B.wrote C.had written D.was writingn29.-I called you at seven yesterday evening,but there was no answer.n -Oh, I am sorry. I dinner at my frie

57、nds home.nA.am having B.had C.was having D.have hadn30.-Do you know Miss Wang?n -Yes. I first met her two years ago. She at a radio shop at that time.nA.was working B.was reading C.is working D.had workedn31.Mr White the newspaper, while his daughter TV.nA.read; was watching B.was reading; watched n

58、C.was reading; was watching D.read; watchedn32.-I you at the meeting. Why? -I was ill.nA.saw B.have seen C.not see D.didnt seen33.When the teacher came in, the students about the new film.nA.are talking B.were talking C.talked D.talksn34.The 2004 Athens Olympic Games on August 13.nA.has begun B.last

59、ed C.began D.has lastedn35.Hurry up! The play for ten minutes.nA.has been on B.has begun C.had begun D.begann36.-May I speak to Mr Smith?n -Sorry, he Australia. But he in two days.nA. has been to; will come backnB .has gone to; will be backnC .has been in; would come backnD .is leaving for; doesnt c

60、ome back n37.I cant go to see the film tonight, because I my ticket.nA.have lost B.lost C.will lose D.was losingn38.-What do you think of the film Harry Potter?n -It is very nice. I it twice.nA.will see B.have seen C.saw D.seen39.We to learn English five years ago. We it for five years up to now.nA.