1、名詞性從句名詞性從句是在句子中起名詞作用的句子。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組， 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。連接詞引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：1.連詞：that （本身無意義。引導單一的賓語從句時that?？墒÷裕龑е髡Z從句、表語從句、同位語從句時that通常不被省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”）as if ,as though （ 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在從句中均不充當任何成分2.連接代詞：what/ whatever, wh

2、o/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever.有詞意，在從句中充當主語，賓語，表語，定語等。3.連接副詞：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why.有詞意，在從句中充當狀語。主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由連詞that，whether，和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義

3、、又起連接作用，在從句中充當一定的成分。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭

4、重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。常用句型如下： 用it 作形式主語的結構(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is no wonder that 難怪(2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物動詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎It occurred to me

5、that 我突然想起(4) It 過去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It has been proved that 已證實 It is said that 據(jù)說 另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that眾所周知的幾種表達方式（1）It is known

6、to us that.（2）As is known to us.（3）what is known to us is that.【注意】與強調句結構的區(qū)分：It is/was+被強調部分+that/who+句子其它部分。It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗戶。（強調句型）賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。I.位置1作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that在句中不擔任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如果從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省。), 例如：

7、 I heard that be joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如： She did not know what had happened.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。 I wonder whether you can change this note for me.我想知道你是否能幫我改一下筆記。(3) 動詞間接賓語賓語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2. 作介詞的賓語 Our success depends

8、upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我之間的合作。3. 作形容詞的賓語 I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已經(jīng)犯了一個錯誤。注意：that 引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased,

9、 hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。II. it 可以作為形式賓語1動詞make, find ,think,feel,consider,believe等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式主語，而將that賓語從句后置。I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.我認為每天多喝開水是有必要的。I feel it a pity that I haven't been to the get-together.我沒去聚餐，感覺非常遺

10、憾。2.動詞itwhen / if 從句.常見于appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等少數(shù)動詞之后。We would much appreciate it if you could do  us that favour.要是你們能幫我們這個忙，我們將非常感激。I'd prefer it if I didn't have to finish the work.要是我不必完成那項工作，那就太好了。3.動詞+ it + that從句。常見于like, take, have, put等少數(shù)動詞之后。I tak

11、e it that they will succeed sooner or later.我認為他們遲早會成功的。The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt.報上說一些日本商號破產了。4.動詞 + it + 介詞短語 + that從句。常見于bring it to one's attention;  owe it to sb;  take it for granted 等結構中。I owe it to you that I finished my work in time.多虧有

12、你我才及時完成了工作。Don't take it for granted that they will support you.不要想當然地認為他們會支持你。5.動詞 + 介詞(短語) + it + that從句。常見于answer for, depend on, rely on, insist on, see to, 等結構中。I'll see to it that everything is ready in time.我將負責按時做好一切準備。You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.你放心

13、，湯姆會幫助你學英語的。 6.動詞+ it +過去分詞+從句。常見于幾個可以帶過去分詞作賓語補足語的動詞之后。I heard it said that that factory was founded in 1995.我聽說那家工廠是1995年創(chuàng)建的。They haven't made it known where the meeting is to take place.他們沒有宣布會議在哪里召開。 III. 否定的轉移若主句謂語動詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含

14、有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。I don' t believe he will come.我相信他不會回來。IV賓語從句中虛擬語氣的運用注意：在demand、order、suggest、insist, desire, request, command, 等表示要求、命令、建議、等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工

15、作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。表語從句在復合句中，位于系動詞之后作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語+ 連系動詞+ that從句1.that 引導表語從句，無詞義，只起連接作用，不可省。2.連系動詞可為be,look,seem,sound,appear等。The fact is that we have lost the game. 事實是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場比賽。Thats ju

16、st what I want. 這正是我想要的。This is where our problem lies. 這就是我們的問題所在。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。Raw material is what we are badly in need of.原材料是我們所急需的。China is not what it used to be.中國已不是過去的中國了?！咀⒁狻?.當主語是reason時，表語從句要用that引導而不

17、是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.2.whether可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。3.That is why譯為“這就是的原因/因此”。其中why引導的名詞性從句在句中做表語，該句型通常用于針對前面已經(jīng)說過的原因進行總結。That is why you see this woman before you know.這就是現(xiàn)在這位女士出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。That is why I came.這就是我來的原因。區(qū)別：Tha

18、t is why 與That is the reason why 同義，只不過從語法結構上講，前者中的why引導表語從句，后者中的why引導定語從句。That is (the reason ) why I cannot agree.這就是我不能同意的理由。That is because 句型中從屬連詞because引導的名詞性從句在此做表語，意為“這就是為什么/因為”。That is because 指原因或理由。That is why 指由于各種原因所造成的后果。He didn not see the film last night. That is because he had to he

19、lp his little sister with her homework.昨晚他沒有去看電影，那是因為他得幫助他的妹妹做作業(yè)。（第一句話說明結果，第二句話說明原因）He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.他以前曾看過那部電影，因此他昨晚沒有去看。（第一句話說明原因，第二句話說明結果）同位語從句同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。同位語從句通常由that引導，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、m

20、essage、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1) 定語從句中的that既代替先行詞

21、，同時在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語，作賓語可以省略），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起引導作用，不充當句中任何成分，一般不可以省略。(2) 定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行解釋說明。試比較下面兩個例句: The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.

22、（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）分析歷屆高考試題名詞性從句考查的焦點主要有以下六個方面：1. 考查名詞性從句的語序問題用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等引導的名詞性從句，應注意句子語序要用述語序。2. 考查引導詞that與what的區(qū)別That只起引導作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，本身也沒有詞義。What不僅起引導作用還在從句中充當主語.賓語或表語。3. 考查it在名詞性從句中作形式主語或形式賓語的用法4. 考查whethe

23、r與if的區(qū)別whether與if 均為"是否"的意思。 但在下列情況下，只可用whether：whether引導主語從句在句首時；Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.他能否準時參加派對得看交通情況。賓語從句放在句首表示強調時，只能用whether；Whether this is true or not, I really don

24、't know.這是否真實，我也不知道。引導表語從句，只能用whether；The question is whether we can get in touch with her.問題是我們是否能聯(lián)系上她。引導介詞賓語時,只能用whether；His father is worried about whether he lose his work.他的父親擔心他是否會失去工作。I'm thinking about whether I should quit my present job.我正在考慮我是否應該辭去現(xiàn) 在的工作。Everything depends on whet

25、her we have enough money.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。后面緊跟著or not時只能用whether；We didn't know whether or not she was ready.后接動詞不定式時，用whether；Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？I can't decide whether to stay.我不能決定是否留下。whether可引導同位語從句，if不能引導同位語從句。The question whether we should call in a spec

26、ialist was answered by the family doctor.我們是否請專家由家庭醫(yī)生來定。5. 考查名詞性從句中的疑問詞+ever引導的名詞性從句與no matter+疑問詞引導的狀語從句的區(qū)別6. 考查名詞性從句的虛擬語氣問題高中英語名詞性從句專項練習一、用that或what填空1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?6.

27、We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.9._ has made China_ it is now?10. we cant get seems better than we have .11.A computer can only do you instructed it to do .12.He became so angry he couldn't speak .13.T

28、here is the city we visited last year .14.There is no doubt the price of cars will go down .15.None of us has a clear idea the others want to do .16.Do he or she tells you to do .17. he did surprised us .18. he did so surprised us .19.This is all I know.20.This is I know.21._ you have done might do

29、harm to other people.22._ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 23._ you don't like him is none of my business. 24.The fact _ he is a model teacher is well-known. 25.They expressed the hope_they would come over to China again. 二、用if 或whether填空1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we

30、 will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question_ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _

31、 to go.9._ you are not free tomorrow, Ill go without you.10.It depends on she will come.11.I have no idea he will be back .12.We must stick to our promise or no .13. It is valuable ,I can't say .14.I dont know he is lying or not.15. I didnt know to laugh or to cry.三It作形式主語和形式賓語1.I would apprecia

32、te it_ you call back this afternoon for the doctor's appointment.（卷 2003）A. until        B. if         C. when         D. that 2.I don't think_ possible to master a foreign lang

33、uage without much work. (MET 1990)A. this         B. that       C. its          D. it3.We all took _ for granted that he would agree with us.( MET 1987 )A. it    

34、60;      B. him       C. that         D. what4. _ that you are not late for school again.   A. See to      B. Look to   C. See to it    

35、0;  D. Look it to5.I've often_ that he has great concern for his comrades.  A. heard it said  B. heard said   C. heard said it  D. heard it say6.Why don't you bring _ to his attention that you are too ill to go on working?  A. this   

36、60;      B. you        C. him         D. it 7. Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? A. this B. that C. he D. it8. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international langua

37、ge. A. There B. This C. That D. It9. _ happened _ he is unfit for the office. A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that10. _ that the scientist will give us a talk next month? A. Is true B. Is it true C. Its true D. Its truly11. _ doesnt matter much _ dress you are going to wear. A. This;

38、that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who12. _ is going to America for further study. A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he13. They are good friends. _ is no wonder that they know each other so well. A. This B. That C. There D. It四、改正下列句子中的錯誤，每句一處錯。1. The

39、American Civil War broke out in 1861 is known to many of us .( )2. That he saw there impressed him deeply .( )3. This is all what I know.( )4. Could you tell me where do you live ?( )5. The old minister came back with a message which the cloth was really magnificent .( )6. It is unknown if he will c

40、ome .( )7. As is known to all that paper was first made in China .( )8. Anyone breaks the law should be punished .( )9. How we can get more reading materials have been discussed at the meeting .( )10. The professor was very satisfied with that his students had done in the experiment .( )11. The news

41、 which our team had won pleased everyone .( )12. I don't doubt whether he can work out the problem .( )13. I have been worrying about if I have hurt her feeling .( )14. I don't know that he wants .( )15. The reason why he didn't come is because he was ill .( )16. Who walks around in such

42、 a heavy rain will catch a cold .( )17. I think important that we learn English well .( )18. It's not certain that the sports meeting will be held .( )19. This is the suggestion which we have a trip the day after tomorrow .( )20. China is a great socialist country is well known .( )21. The quest

43、ion is if we can collect enough money .( )22. The trouble is she has lost his telephone number .( )23. We don't know that what we should do next .( )24. That he said in the office made everyone present very surprised .( )25. What we can't get seems better than that we have .( )26. Computer c

44、an only do how we instructed it to do .( )27. The fact why Lily got the first prize is well known to us all .( )28. Our city is no longer as it used to be .( )29. He said what he was pleased to meet all of us again .( )30. What he failed to pass the exam is very clear .( )31. The reason why he didn&

45、#39;t attend the meeting was because he had been ill .( )32. Please give the note to whomever is in the classroom .( )33. Is that he told you really funny ?( )34. Please let me know that you want me to do .( )35. Those photos will show you what does our hometown looks like .( )五、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空：1. _ _ you

46、dont like him is none of my business.2. _ well go camping depends on _ it will be fine tomorrow.3. _ she comes or not makes no difference.4. The question is _ it is worth doing.5. There is some doubt _he will come./ There is no doubt _he will come.6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an

47、international language.7. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.8. It is said that the famous football star is not willing to play for _ would pay him three million dollars a year.9. It is a pity _ you didnt go to see the film.10. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it.11. You ar

48、e saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree12. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?13. It doesnt interest me_ you succeed or not.14. -Do you remember_ he came? - Yes, I do, he came by car.15. It is generally considered unwise to give

49、 a child _ he or she wants16. _we cant get comes better than _ we have.17. A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.18. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. 19. A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ag

50、o.20. Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?21. See the flags on the building? That was_ we did this morning.22. America was _ was first called “India” by Columbus.23. _ troubles me most is _ I dont know how to calm the sick old man.24. I think it is _ you are working yourself

51、 too much.25. The reason _ I plan to go is _ she will be disappointed _ I dont.26. Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.27. Do _ you think is right, _ they say.28. Its known to us _ there is pollution, there is harm.29. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he w

52、ould make him very rich.30. It was at the very beginning _ Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters here.31. I would appreciate _ if you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.32、It is very exciting _ we are passing the flame in Shenzhen now.(傳遞火炬)33、What we feel ex

53、cited is _ we are passing the flame in Shenzhen now.34、We are excited about news _ we are passing the flame in Shenzhen.35、The news Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. 36、The news he told me yesterday is true. 37、The news he told me is that Mike would go abroad next year38、The news Mike would go abroad next year is told by him. 39、She expressed the hope they would come to visit Shanghai again. 40、The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit Shanghai again41. I cant decide _ di