1、Good is good, but better carries it.精益求精，善益求善。a collection of English in Organic Chemistery脂肪族化合物aliphatic compound第八章 苯脂肪族化合物aliphatic compound芳香族化合物aromatic compound芳香性aromaticity苯benzene萘naphthalene蒽anthracence菲phenanthrene甲苯toluene苯胺phenylamine苯甲酸benzoic acid苯甲醛benzaldehyde苯酚phenol苯磺酸benzene sul

2、fonic acid鄰 ortho 間 meta 對 para連 vicinal 偏 unsymmetrical 均 symmetrical苯基 phenyl芳基 aryl第九章 醛和酮Aldehyde 醛Ketone 酮Nucleophilic Addition 親核加成carbonyl group 羰基Acyl group ?；鵨lectrophilic 親電的Nucleophilic 親核的acid catalyzed reaction 酸催化反應(yīng)Steric factors 立體因素Electronic factors 電子因素nucleophilic addition reactio

3、ns. 親和加成反應(yīng)The Addition of Hydrogen Cyanide 加氫氰酸反應(yīng)The Addition of Sodium bisulfite 加亞硫酸反應(yīng)The addition of organometallic compounds 加金屬有機化合物The addition of H2O 加水反應(yīng)The addition of Alcohol 加醇反應(yīng)Essential structural feature 必不可少的結(jié)構(gòu)特征Mechanism 機理Acetals as Protecting Groups 保護羰基The addition of Nitrogen Nuc

4、leophiles 加胺及氨的衍生物Formation of Imine Derivatives 亞胺的形成Acidity of -Hydrogens 活潑氫的反應(yīng)KetoEnol Tautomerism 酮式烯醇互變Acid-Catalyzed Halogenation 酸化鹵化Base-Promoted Halogenation 堿性促進鹵化Aldol Condensation 羥醛縮合Oxidation of Aldehyde 醛（酮）氧化反應(yīng)Hydride Reduction Reagents 用金屬氫化物還原Meerwein-Ponndorf Reduction 麥爾外英彭杜爾夫還原

5、反應(yīng)Cannizzaro reaction 康尼查爾反應(yīng)Wittig ReactionOxidation of Alcohol 醇的氧化Oxidation of Alkene and Alkyne 烯烴和炔烴的制備Control Oxidation of Side chain of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 芳香烴的控制氧化Friedel-Crafts Acylation 付克?；疢ichael AdditionsDiels-Alder Addition第十章 酚Phenol and Quinone酚 醌Reactions related to the hydroxy gr

6、oup酚羥基的反應(yīng)Claisen RearangementClaisen 重排反應(yīng)phase transfer catalyst PTC相轉(zhuǎn)移催化劑Fries RearangementFries 重排反應(yīng)Friedel-Crafts Reaction 復(fù)克反應(yīng) 烷基化與酰基化Kolbe Schmidt 反應(yīng) 類似格式試劑與有機鋰進攻二氧化碳Reimer Timann 反應(yīng) 酚類與堿性溶液氯仿一起在臨位引入醛基第十一章 羧酸substitued carboxylic acid 取代羧酸carbonyl group 羰基aldehydes and ketones 醛和酮nomenclature 系

7、統(tǒng)命名法saturated fatty acid 飽和脂肪酸unsaturated fatty acid 不飽和脂肪酸monocarboxylic acid 一元酸 dimonocarboxylic acid 二元酸polymonocarboxylic acid 多元酸2-butenoic acid 2-丁烯酸（巴豆酸）（IUPAC命名法中，將母體烴去掉詞尾e，加上oic acid）3,4,5-trihyroxybenzoic acid 3,4,5-三羥基苯甲酸（沒食子酸）3-hydroxy-3-carboxypentandioic acid 3-羥基-3-羧基戊二酸（檸檬酸）Methioni

8、ne 蛋氨酸 pyruvic acid 丙酮酸-acyl ?；?-acetyl 乙酰基conjugate acidbase 共軛酸堿carboxylate anion 羧酸鹽陰離子sodium and potassium carboxylate salts 鈉和鉀鹽electron-withdrawing Groups吸電子基團electron-releasing Groups 給電子基團field effect 場效應(yīng)Ortho effect 鄰位效應(yīng)steric hindrance 空間位阻carboxylic acid derivatives 羧酸衍生物acylhalide 酰氯anhy

9、dride 酸酐carboxylester 羧酸酯amide 酰胺cyanide 氰化物hydrolysis 水解esterification 酯化反應(yīng)reversible reaction 可逆反應(yīng)decarboxylation 脫羧第十二章 羧酸衍生物carboxylic acid derivatives羧酸衍生物acylhalide酰鹵anhyride酸酐carboxylester羧酸酯amide酰胺nitrile腈acyl?；性~尾的變化：酰鹵: -oic acid 改為 -yl halide或 carboxylic acid 改為 carbonyl halide酰胺： -oic

10、acid -ic acid 改為 -amide酸酐：-acid 改為 -anhyride酯：-ic acid 改為 -ate腈：在相應(yīng)烴的英文名稱后加nitrilemethoxycarbonyl甲氧甲?；鵤cetyloxy乙酰氧基aminocarbamoyl氨甲?；鵦hloroformyl氯甲?；鵦yano氰基nucleophilic addition-elimination親核加成消除hydrolysis水解氨解：ammonolysis醇解：alcoholysis酰氧鍵：acyl-oxygen bond烷氧鍵：alkyl-oxygen bond四面體中間體：tetrahedral inter

11、mediateprotonation質(zhì)子化tetrahedral cation四面體正離子cyclic acid anhydride環(huán)狀酸酐ester exchange酯交換amic aci酰胺酸dacylation酰化反應(yīng)acylating agen酰化劑tNBS N溴代丁二酰亞胺第十三章 碳負離子的反應(yīng)Carbanion 碳負離子Enolate ion 烯醇負離子KetoEnol Tautomerism 酮式-烯醇式互變異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Racemization 外消旋化Condensation reaction 縮合反應(yīng) Condensation agent 縮合劑Perkin Condensat

12、ion 柏琴反應(yīng)Knoevenagel Reaction 克腦文格爾反應(yīng)Darzen Reaction 達參反應(yīng)Claisen condensation 克萊森縮合Ethyl Acetoacetate 乙酰乙酸乙酯Alkylation 烷基化Acylation ?；疍iethyl malonate 丙二酸二乙酯Malonic Ester 丙二酸酯Dihalide 二鹵化Stork enamine reaction 斯陶克烯胺反應(yīng)第十四章 有機含氮化合物nitro compounds 硝基化合物 imine 亞胺nitro-group 硝基(NO2) Amines 胺類Nitrite este

13、r 亞硝酸酯Primary amines 一級胺Secondary amines 二級胺Tertiary amine 三級胺quaternary ammonium salt 四級銨鹽類methylamine 甲胺 ethylamine 乙胺cyclohexylamine 環(huán)己胺arenediazonium salts 芳香重氮鹽Schotten-Baumann （肖特-鮑曼）反應(yīng)diazotization 重氮化反應(yīng)ring-expansion reaction 擴環(huán)反應(yīng)N-nitrosoamines N-亞硝基胺Nitrosation 亞硝基化反應(yīng)第十五章 雜環(huán)化合物Heterocyclic 雜環(huán)化合物Aromatic heterocyles 芳雜環(huán)化合物Nicotinic acid 煙酸Nicotinamide 煙酰胺Azole 唑Pyrrole 吡咯Furan 呋喃Thiophene 噻吩Tetrahydrofuran 四氫呋喃Pyrazole 吡唑Imidazole 咪唑Oxazole 噁唑Thiazole