1、-1-Section Learning about LanguageY UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四一、分析以下句子中動(dòng)詞-ing與邏輯主語之間是什么關(guān)系,然后寫出其句法功能1.Yesterday,another student and I,representing our universitys student association,went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students. 2.I stood for a minute wa

2、tching them and then went to greet them. 3.She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands,as if in defence.4.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,together with George Cook from Canada.答案:八個(gè)句子中動(dòng)詞-ing與邏輯主語之間都是主謂關(guān)系。1非限制性定語;2,3,4伴隨狀語;Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四5.Just at that

3、moment,however,Akira bowed so his nose touched Georges moving hand.6.In the same way that people communicate with spoken language,they also express their feelings using unspoken “l(fā)anguage through physical distance,actions or posture. 7.Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking han

4、ds. 8.In general,though,studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads!答案:5定語;6方式狀語;7賓語;8主語。 Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四二、用括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.He is thought to be a (promise) actor.2.(stand) on the top of the mountain,I could see the wh

5、ole city.3.Not (know) her telephone number,we couldnt get in touch with her.4.I will never forget the (smile) faces.5.He often carefully watched the doctors in the (operate) mising Standing knowing smiling operating Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四6.(return)from Boston,he found his home

6、town greatly changed.7.Look out for cars while (cross) the street.8.(notice) the house on fire,he dialed 119.9.Sit down,Emma.You will only make yourself more tired,(keep) on your feet.10.Do you wake up every morning (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?Returning crossing Noticing keeping fe

7、eling Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四三、讀以下句子,說出其中動(dòng)詞-ing形式做的成分(定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、主語、表語、賓語)1.With time going by,I came to know I was wrong.2.Near the English coast,long lines of fishing boats sail out to sea daily.3.Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours.賓語補(bǔ)足語 定語 主語 Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUI

8、NA核心歸納一二三四4.The doctor advised taking more exercise.5.This news is encouraging.6.Having no interest in the topic,he didnt go to the lecture.賓語 表語 狀語 Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四四、用動(dòng)詞-ing形式改寫以下句子,注意其做定語或狀語的用法范例:The girl is standing over there.She is my classmate.The girl standing over there i

9、s my classmate.If you drive so fast,you will damage the car.Driving so fast,you will damage the car.1.The man is taking a walk on the playground.He is my uncle.2.The plan is about planting trees in the garden.It is being discussed.3.The girls are mending the clothes.They are from the nearby villages

10、.The man taking a walk on the playground is my uncle. The plan being discussed is about planting trees in the garden. The girls mending the clothes are from the nearby villages. Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四4.I stood on the top of the mountain.I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.5.

11、As I didnt know how to get there,I had to ask the way.6.Because he hadnt heard from his friend,he decided to write another letter.7.They tried their best to save the man.He is dying. Standing on the top of the mountain,I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.Not knowing how to get there,I had

12、 to ask the way. Not having heard from his friend,he decided to write another letter.They tried their best to save the dying man. Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納一二三四8.The road is under construction,and thus caused the delay.9.She sat at the desk and did her homework.10.Even if I take a taxi,I will

13、still be late for the meeting.The road is under construction,thus causing the delay. She sat at the desk doing her homework. Even if taking a taxi,I will still be late for the meeting. Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12 was at a crossroads.朱麗葉在十字路口。考點(diǎn)crossroads n.十字路口The accident took place at a cro

14、ssroads.那次事故發(fā)生在一個(gè)十字路口。Go on till you get to the crossroads.繼續(xù)往前走,一直走到那個(gè)十字路口。crossroads是個(gè)合成詞,由cross+roads合成。再如:crossword=cross+word縱橫填字游戲crosstalk=cross+talk相聲crosslegged=cross+legged盤著腿Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12活學(xué)活用 單句改錯(cuò)1)A crossroad is a place where two roads meet and cross.2)We went straig

15、ht on till we reached the next crossroad.crossroadcrossroads crossroadcrossroads Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12:動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語和狀語本單元的語法工程是“動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語和狀語。對于動(dòng)詞-ing形式做定語的用法我們在上一單元中已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過了,現(xiàn)在我們主要來看一下動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語的用法以及它與過去分詞的區(qū)別。考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語1)動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語)可以在句子中做狀語來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨情

16、況。其根本句型是“動(dòng)詞-ing形式(短語),主語+謂語+其他句子成分。Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納122)動(dòng)詞-ing形式的高考考點(diǎn)如下表: Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納123)動(dòng)詞-ing形式做狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語通常是句子的主語。4)一般來說,如果動(dòng)詞

17、-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作和謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,那么動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語放在句首;如果動(dòng)詞-ing形式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后,那么動(dòng)詞-ing形式放在句子的后面。Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)詞-ing形式與過去分詞用法的不同動(dòng)詞-ing形式和過去分詞都是高頻考點(diǎn),因此分清動(dòng)詞-ing形式與過去分詞的區(qū)別是決定用哪種分詞形式的重要依據(jù)。下面我們看看這兩種分詞形式的區(qū)別:1)語態(tài)不同:動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念,與相關(guān)的名詞或代詞之間構(gòu)成一種“主謂關(guān)系。而過去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念,與相關(guān)的名詞或代

18、詞之間構(gòu)成一種“動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如:a moving film 一部感人的電影a moved girl 一個(gè)受感動(dòng)的姑娘a running machine 一臺(tái)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的機(jī)器a stolen car 一輛被盜的汽車Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12注:這里說的與動(dòng)詞-ing形式或過去分詞相關(guān)的名詞、代詞要依分詞在句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分的不同而不同。如:分詞假設(shè)在句中充當(dāng)定語,那么被它所修飾的詞就是與其“相關(guān)詞;要是分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語,那么賓語就是“相關(guān)詞;分詞假設(shè)在句中充當(dāng)表語或狀語,那么句子的主語就是分詞的“相關(guān)詞。Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納

19、122)時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同:動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示“正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作,或是表示一個(gè)“在現(xiàn)在或過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常化的動(dòng)作;過去分詞往往表示“已完成的動(dòng)作或是“在以前某個(gè)未知時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如:a developing country 開展中國家a developed country興旺國家I dont like canned food.I prefer something fresh.我不喜歡吃罐裝食品,我愛吃新鮮的。Hearing he won first place finally,we all jumped with joy.聽到他最后獲得了第一名,我們都快樂得跳了起來。Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)

20、習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納12活學(xué)活用 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1)On receiving a phone call from his wife (say) she had a fall,Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.2)(find) the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.3)Lionel Messi,(set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year,is cons

21、idered the most talented football player in Europe.4)The sun began to rise in the sky,(bathe) the mountain in golden light.having set bathing saying Finding Y UXI DAOYIN預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)引H EXIN GUINA核心歸納125)(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.6)With so much work (fill) his mind,he couldnt sleep well.7)He died suddenly,(leave)his work unfinished.8)He rushed into the room,(take) the book on the desk and rushed out.9)Football is played all over the world, (make) it a p