1、lesson71 ： Tolstoy 托爾斯泰（俄羅斯）原文：M: Mary E: EdwardM: So. Ed. What do you know about this? Tolstoy's history, what do you know about him?E: Tolstoy wasn't just one person, you know.They were a whole family of Russian nobility. The Tolstoy's have left a lasting legacy in Russian politics, mi

2、litary history, literature, and tine arts.M: They got around a bit then! Sounds like they did everything. but let's start with the politics . . . it says here that Peter Andreevich Tolstoy was a member of Peter the Great's partyE: Yes, he gradually gained Peter's confidence serving first

3、 as the Russian ambassador to Constantinople, then as the head of the secret police.M: OK, so what about the military Tolstoy's? I've heard of one called Alexander Ivanovich Tolstoy. He was in the Battle of Charnova in 1807 where his regiment held out for 15 hours against the whole army comm

4、anded by Napoleon.E: It sounds like you know plenty about him already.Let's go on to the literary Tolstoy's, shall we?M: Leo Tolstoy is one of the greatest Russian novelistsof the 19th century. He wrote War and Peacc and Anna Karenina.E: I think those books are the two most famous in the who

5、le world! I wonder why he started writing.M: He started his career in the military, he was firstdrawn to writing books when he served in Chechenya, and already his first novel, Kazaky. was something quite unlike anything written before him.E: Oh, I see. OK, on to fine arts. It says here chat there w

6、ere many Tolstoy's in high society .M: Yes. Count Feodor Petrovich Tolstoy was one of the most fashionable Russian drawers and painters of the 1820s. Although he prepared fine illustrations, his true vocation was wax modeling and the design of medals.E: And also, Count Feodor lvanovich Tolstoy w

7、ho was a notorious drunkard, gastronome, and duellist. It is said that he killed 11 people in duels.M: He was involved in a different kind of art though.In 1803 he participated in the first Russian circumnavigation of the Earth and after he had his body tattooed!E: Well, it certainly seems that the

8、Tolstoy's were interesting people, that's for sure.譯文：M瑪莉 E:愛蕾華E：你知道，不只有一個托爾斯泰，他們家是一個俄羅斯名門望族。托爾斯泰家族在俄羅斯的政治、軍事、文學和美術方面 都留下了不朽的遺產。M那時他們有些影響力。好像他們無所不能，不過我們先從政 治方面開始據說彼得？安德烈耶維奇？托爾斯泰是彼得大帝 的寵臣。M: 他們收獲了。看似他們什么都做了，但是只是開始，據說托爾斯泰還彼得大會的成員呢。E:是的，他逐漸贏得彼得的信任，先做了駐君士坦丁堡的俄羅斯大使，后來義擔任了秘密警察機構的領導。M噢，那托爾斯泰家族在軍事方面

9、呢？我曾經聽說過一個叫亞歷山大?伊凡諾維奇?托爾斯泰的人，他1807 年參加了查諾瓦戰役，他的軍剛與拿破侖領導的軍隊對抗達15 個小時。E：聽起來你對他已經了解不少了。那我們接著看看文學界的耗爾斯泰，好嗎？M列夫？托爾斯泰是19世紀俄羅斯最偉大的小說家之一，著有戰爭與和平和安娜?卡列尼娜。E：我認為這是全世界最著名的兩本書。我想知道他為什么要開始寫作。M他一開始的職業是軍人，在車臣服役時第一次對寫書產生了興趣，寫出了第一部小說哥薩克，與他之前的人寫的那些書大不一樣。E:哦，我知道了，接下來看看美術方面。據說在上流社會也有很多托爾斯泰家族的人。M是的，費奧多爾？彼德羅維奇-托爾斯泰伯爵是19世紀20年代俄羅斯最受歡迎的制圖員和畫家之一。盡管他的插圖細致精美，但他真正的職業是做蠟鑄模，設計獎章。E:止匕外，費奧多爾？彼德羅維奇？托爾斯泰伯爵還是個聲名狼藉的酒鬼、美食家和決斗專家。據說他在決斗中殺死了1 1 個人。M不過他還參與各種不同的藝術創作。1803年他參加了俄羅斯第一屆周游