1、IT English Translation Course: Personal Computers and ApplicationsChapter 1Networking for Home and Small Businesses Wang QiaoshanCFL of CQUPT之之: 個人電腦系統及應用個人電腦系統及應用 第一章第一章: 家用網絡與小型商務網絡家用網絡與小型商務網絡汪喬山汪喬山重慶郵電大學外國語學院重慶郵電大學外國語學院/國際學院國際學院ObjectivesIdentify the purpose and uses of personal computers and des

2、cribe local and network applications.Compare and contrast different types of computing devices. Explain the binary representation of data.Determine appropriate components and peripheral devices to meet requirements.Install, verify, and upgrade computer components and peripherals.Practice technical t

3、ranslation.譯文譯文: 目目 標標了解個人計算機的目的和用途，能夠描述本地和網絡應用程序。比較和對比不同的計算設備。說明數據的二進制表示方式。確定符合要求的組件和外圍設備。安裝、驗證和升級計算機組件與外圍設備。練習技術翻譯。Context Index1.1 Personal Computers and Applications 1.2 Types of Computers1.3 Binary Representation of Data1.4 Computer Components and Peripherals1.5 Computer System Components 譯文譯文:

4、 內容索引內容索引1.1 個人計算機和應用程序1.2 計算機類型1.3 數據的二進制表示1.4 計算機組件和外圍設備1.5 計算機系統Enter1.1.1 How and Where Computers are UsedComputers are used all over the world and in all types of environments. Where are computers found within your environment? 計算機廣泛應用于世界各地各種類型的環境中。商業、制造環境、家庭、政府辦公室以及非盈利性組織。您所處的環境中，哪些地方應用了計算機？譯文

5、譯文: 1.1.1計算機的使用方式及應用場所計算機的使用方式及應用場所1.1.1 How and Where Computers are UsedIn order for most computers to perform useful functions, there are three things that have to work together:譯文譯文: 1.1.1計算機的使用方式及應用計算機的使用方式及應用場所采用計算機的理由可謂各式各樣，它們的用途也非常繁多。對于大多數計算機，要有效工作，有三個方面必須協同工作：硬件 操作系統應用軟件1.1.2 Local and Netwo

6、rk ApplicationsThe computer is only as useful as the program or application on it. Applications can be divided into two general categories:譯文譯文: 1.1.2 本地和網絡應用程序計算機的實際作用取決于所安裝的程序或應用程序。應用程序可分為兩大類別：商業/行業軟件 - 專為特定行業或市場設計的軟件。此類軟件有：醫療規程管理工具、教育工具及法律軟件。通用軟件 - 各種組織和家庭用戶出于不同目的而使用的軟件。個人或企業都可使用此類應用程序。1.1.2 Loca

7、l and Network ApplicationsIn addition to Business/Industry and General Use software, an application can be classified as local or networked. 譯文譯文: 1.1.2 本地和網絡應用程序除了商業/行業和一般用途軟件外，還可將應用程序分為本地或網絡程序。本地應用程序 例如：Office網絡應用程序 例如：電子郵件Classify the application as business/industry or general and local or netwo

8、rked. Refer to in textbook A student chats with a friend on a computer in another room using Instant Message software. A family keeps track of household expense using a spreadsheet program stored on the computer hard drive. A construction company develops a program to estimate the cost of bu

9、ilding a home. The program is loaded from a CD. A real-estate agent uses his computer to post information about a house listing that allows other real estate agents to access the information from their computers. A person sends an email to a friend in another country. A student types a homework assi

10、gnment using a word processor loaded from their hard drive.1.1.2 Local and Network Applications譯文譯文: 1.1.2 本地和網絡應用程序判斷應用程序的類別是商業還是通用，是本地還是網絡，參考教材1.2 Types of Computers1.2 計算機分類譯文譯文: 1.2 計算機分類計算機分類計算機分為多種不同的類型，包括：計算機分為多種不同的類型，包括：大型機大型機服務器服務器臺式計算機臺式計算機工作站工作站筆記本電腦筆記本電腦手持便攜式設備手持便攜式設備1.2.2 Servers

11、, Desktops and WorkstationsServersBlade ServerRack Mount ServerStandalone server 譯文譯文: 1.2.2 服務器、臺式計算機和工作站服務器 刀片式服務器：可最大程度的增強計算機的能力和可擴展性 機架式服務器：在已具有設備機架的環境中可有效的節約地面空間 獨立服務器：適用于小型企業環境，在內部組件選擇方面具有很大的靈活性1.2.2 Servers, Desktops and WorkstationsDesktopsDesktops support many options and capabilities. A wi

12、de variety of cases, power supplies, hard drives, video cards, monitors and other components are available.譯文譯文: 1.2.2 服務器、臺式計算機和工作站臺式計算機支持多種選件和功能。可以選用各式各樣的機箱、電源、硬盤、顯卡、顯示器和其它組件。臺式計算機可具有許多不同的連接類型、視頻選件以及大量支持的外圍設備可供選擇。 1.2.2 Servers, Desktops and WorkstationsWorkstationsWorkstations are high-powered bu

13、siness computers. They are designed for specialized, high-end applications like engineering programs such as CAD (Computer Aided Design).譯文譯文: 1.2.2 服務器、臺式計算機和工作站工作站是高性能的商用計算機。它們是專門針對工程程序工作站是高性能的商用計算機。它們是專門針對工程程序（例如（例如 CAD）等特殊的高端應用目的而設計；工作站用于）等特殊的高端應用目的而設計；工作站用于 3D 圖形設計、視頻動畫和虛擬現實仿真。也可以作為電信圖形設計、視頻動畫和

14、虛擬現實仿真。也可以作為電信或醫療設備的管理站點。與服務器類似，工作站通常配備或醫療設備的管理站點。與服務器類似，工作站通常配備有數個有數個 CPU、大量、大量 RAM 和多個大容量磁盤驅動器，速度和多個大容量磁盤驅動器，速度非常快。工作站一般具有非常強大的圖形能力，配有大屏非常快。工作站一般具有非常強大的圖形能力，配有大屏幕顯示器或多個顯示器。幕顯示器或多個顯示器。1.2.2 Servers, Desktops and WorkstationsDetermine the type of computer to use based on a given scenarioThe XYZ corp

15、oration designs and manufactures complex electronic circuit boards for use in aircraft. What kind of computer would be best suited for the design work?Mario is purchasing a computer for his family. They will need word processor and spreadsheet applications and want to play DVDs. What kind of compute

16、r would best suit their need?The Animatics company develops virtual reality simulation software for the gaming industry. What kind of computer would be best for developing this software?ABC Inc. just hired 10 new help desk employees to support network end users. The help desk people will need to run

17、 basic office applications as well as a help desk problem reporting application. What kind of computer would be best for this type of work?Manas mail order business has grown significantly and she needs a new computer to host her web site. She is expecting significant number of web clients to access

18、 the computer daily. She also wants to use the computer for centralized and for employee Email. What kind of computer would best suit her needs?譯文譯文: 服務器、臺式計算機和工作站服務器、臺式計算機和工作站判斷場景中計算機所扮演的角色：服務器、工作站還是臺式計算機.1.2.3 Portable DevicesIn addition to various types of stationary computers, there are many por

19、table electronic devices available. These portable devices vary in size, power and graphic capability and include: Laptop or notebook PCTablet PCPocket PCPersonal Digital Assistant (PDA)Gaming device Cell phones譯文譯文: 1.2.3便攜式設備這些便攜式設備的大小、功能和圖形能力各這些便攜式設備的大小、功能和圖形能力各有不同，此類設備包括：有不同，此類設備包括：平板電腦平板電腦掌上電腦掌

20、上電腦個人數字助理個人數字助理 (PDA)游戲設備游戲設備移動電話移動電話筆記本電腦筆記本電腦Tuesday China successfully launched Shenzhou-8 spacecraft that will attempt the first unmanned rendezvous with the test module “Tiangong-1 which is already in orbit. The docking will be a crucial step towards building a space station by 2020.The docking

21、 must be held within two days after the launch of Shenzhou VIII at an altitude of 343 km above the surface of the Earth.The Shenzhou VIII was launched at 5:58 local time (9:58 p.m. GMT Monday) in the Gobi Desert (northwest China) by a Long March 2F rocket. The spacecraft separated from its launch ro

22、cket at the height of 200 km above the Earth.Shenzhou VIII will then come together to test module Tiangong-1 (Heavenly Palace), launched on September 29, the two vessels will be placed on the same orbit and operating at approximately 28,000 km/h around the Earth.Control of in-space is a crucial step

23、 in the conquest of space, crossed by the Russians and Americans in the 1960s.China successfully launched Shenzhou-8 spacecraft It will allow China to conduct a space exploration on a larger scale, said Zhou Jianping, chief engineer of the spaceflight program.To ensure the success of the mission, co

24、nsiderable changes were made to the vessel from previous Shenzhou modules, said a spokesman for the manned flight program, Wu Ping.Shenzhou VIII will record images and report parameters to be used for manned space rendezvous.The docking will be conducted under the program providing China a space sta

25、tion within a decade. A crew can live independently for several months, as the old Russian space station Mir and the International Space Station (ISS).If the Shenzhou VIII is successful, next year China will launch two other ships to join Tiangong-1, Shenzhou IX and Shenzhou X, one of which is inhab

26、ited.Two women are among the astronauts in training for this mission. If they are chosen, they will be the first Chinese to be sent by China to space station.On Tuesday, Chinese Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang attended the launch from the base of Jiuquan (northwest), in the Gobi Desert, which was also at

27、tended by officials from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the German space agency DLR.CHINA HAS TAKEN THE NEXT STEP IN ITS QUEST TO BECOME A MAJOR SPACE POWER WITH THE LAUNCH OF THE UNMANNED SHENZHOU 8 VEHICLE.THE SPACECRAFT RODE A LONG MARCH 2F ROCKET INTO ORBIT WHERE IT WILL ATTEMPT TO RENDEZVO

28、US AND DOCK WITH THE TIANGONG-1 LAB, LAUNCHED IN SEPTEMBER.IT WOULD BE THE FIRST TIME CHINA HAS JOINED TWO SPACE VEHICLES TOGETHER.THE CAPABILITY IS REQUIRED IF THE COUNTRY IS TO CARRY THROUGH ITS PLAN TO BUILD A SPACE STATION BY ABOUT 2020.THE LONG MARCH CARRIER ROCKET LIFTED AWAY FROM THE JIUQUAN SPACEPORT IN THE GOBI DESERT AT 05:58, TUESDAY (21:58 GMT MOND