1、高考英語語法填空題考點分析與解題技巧語法填空題的設置是全國卷高考英語試題的一項創新，它將語法知識的考 查置于一篇英語短文中，通過設置純空格題填空和給詞填空兩種形式來表現， 突出考查了學生通過語境運用語法知識的能力，更能客觀、準確地考量學生的 語法知識水平.此題雖然只有15分，占英語全卷分數的十分之一，但也是英語 考卷的重要組成部分，不容忽視.要想此題有好的發揮，學好語法，注重運用必 不可少，這是基礎；了解考點，掌握解題技巧才是確保得分的關鍵.一、語法填空題命題原則及考點分析.（一）命題原則：1 .短文題材：題材多樣，或體現文化內涵、文化交往，或給人以啟迪等.2 .短文長度：約200詞，一般不超

2、過12句話，設10個空，句首不設空.3 .短文難度：沒有超出課標的生詞，但有課標單詞的派生詞，此題考查考 生在特定語境中語法的分析和運用能力.4 .考點設置：只能填一個詞的純空格題：設6-7個小題；用所給的詞填空 題：設3-4小題.純空格題通常考冠詞、介詞、代詞和連詞等詞；給詞填空通常 考謂語動詞的時態和語態、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級、此 類轉換等，答案可能是一個單詞、兩個單詞或兩個以上單詞.5 .常常會出現所填詞位于句首，目的是考查該單詞的第一個字母要大寫.（二）考點分析：語法填空題主要考查的是語法和上下文的連貫性，而語 法是重點.它主要考查的內容為高中英語大綱要求的基本語法

3、知識、詞匯、習語 和較為簡單的英語表達方式的掌握情況.具體考點和命題特點如下：1 .每一個空格的設置都必定涉及到某一條或某幾條語法規則，不會單純考 查單詞的拼寫和詞組的用法.例 1 In Greece women had little freedom. Wealthy women hardly left their houses,but they （allow） to attend weddings and some festivals.【解析】因allow與they在邏輯上是動賓關系，要用被動語態，用be allowed；由had和left可知be是過去式；主語是復數they, be的過去式

4、 應是were,答案就是were allowed.此題就涉及到動詞的時態、語態和主謂 一致三條語法規則.【例 2】The why I was sad was that he didn * t understand me.【解析】因為why引導的定語從句，前面的先行詞一定是reason.此題看 起來是考查填入適當的名詞.但實際上是考查定語從句.2 .考慮語境.既然采用短文形式來考查語法，其目的就是要利用短文以較強 的語境特點來命題，否則，就不如用單句來考查語法了，考生要想填出正確答 案，至少要理解整個句子的意思或各分句之間的邏輯關系，或者需要理解前后 幾個句子，甚至整個段落或篇章.例 3 Sev

5、eral changes have brought wild animals to the . Foremost, air and water quality in many cities have improved as a result of the 1970, s pollution control efforts.【解析】：在冠詞the后必定是名詞，再根據下句確定填cities.本題若 只根據設空格本身，而不閱讀并理解下文.是無法填出正確答案的.3 .考點分散.基本上一個空格代表一個語法點，十個空格有可能涉及十個或 十個以上的語法點.至少也得有7個語法點.因此，重復考查某項語法的可能性

6、 較小，填詞相同的空格幾乎沒有可能.4 .適當提示.涉及到動詞的時態，語杰、非謂語動詞、詞類轉換等需要詞形 變換的空格，要緊扣上下文的信息提示.例4 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, (reach) a record $57. 65 a barrel on April 4.【解析】reach及后面的內容是伴隨著謂語動詞的發生 而產生的自然結果.用現在分詞作狀語，故填reaching.例5 It would be (believe) that such an honest fellow should

7、have betrayed his friends!【解析】因為在系動詞be后作表語.要用believe的形容詞形式 believable,由句意“這樣一個老實人竟會出賣朋友，真難以置信”可知，要 加前綴變為反義詞.故答案是unbelievable.5 .考題一般涉及到的語法項目：1)動詞與介詞或副詞搭配構成的固定動詞短語；2)冠詞的用法有時要填的詞是名詞，但往往考的是冠詞的用法；3)連詞的用法，包括從屬連詞和并列連詞；4）派生詞的用法.5）動詞的適當形式（包括謂語動詞的時態和語態以及非謂語動詞的用法 等）；6）情態動詞的用法；7）定語從句.名詞性從句、狀語從句的引導詞等.8）代詞的用法：人稱

8、代詞、指示代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞等.特別提醒：1）適當注意倒裝句中的助動詞和強調謂動詞的助動詞的用法； 2）名詞的數和所有格有可能在給詞填空中考察；4）要填寫的詞位于句首要注 意大寫；5）考生需要具備句子結構分析的能力：首先，應熟練掌握簡單句的五 大基本句型；其次，要充分了解詞類及語法功能；再次，要會分析并列句，主 從復合句等；要懂得兩個簡單句間不用分號或句號，就必須用連詞，否則句子 結構不完整.二、語法填空題解題思路和做題技巧.通過對命題思路和考點的分析.考生對此題要“考什么”和“怎么考”有了 明確的認識.接下來要弄清楚的是“如何做題”和確保考試得分的問題了.下面 就談一談這方面

9、的事.（一）解題思路.做語法填空題時，可以用一種由大及小的思路去（其根據 是此題的特點-語境與語法相結合）思考答案.也就是說，可以從“篇章，句 子，詞匯”三個層面去思考.L通讀全文，了解大意，弄清文脈.考生不要讀一句就填一個答案，首先要把括號有提示的空格視為已知條 件，通讀全文，了解文段內容及要點.6 .結合語境，試填空格，先易后難.基本了解文章大意后，就可以動手填空了 .分析句子結構與空格、邊讀邊 填，遇到一時想出來的答案，不要用太多時間停留在此題上，先跳過去，做后 面的題，待填完其他空格后，再回過頭來細細推敲此空的語義，填入最佳單詞. 具體體現為八條思路：思路1:根據語法知識填空.根據已學

10、語法，分析空格及句意，填入正確答 案.【例 1】He must be (mental) disabled.【解析】disabled是形容詞，修飾它的詞應是副詞，作狀語，故填 mentally.例 2 lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ( send ) supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.【解析】根據句意和句子結構可知were working為謂語，空格表示伴 隨，因此答案為sending.思路2：根據邏輯關系填空.通讀全文，把握作者的思路，聯系

11、上下文語 義，分析歸納，填入符合詞義、句意和上下文情景的正確答案.例 3 On Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment ( late) in the day.【解析】根據上下文內容可知，作者“先去音樂節，隨后早些離開因為要去 赴約”，late要用其比較級later,表示赴約在后.思路3：根據語篇的標志填空.語篇是指比單個句子長的語言單位(句群、 段落、篇章等).語篇間往往有標明內在關系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標志 詞”,如表示結構

12、層次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示轉折關 系或變換話題的有however, but,by the way等；“語篇標志詞”對迅速理清 文章脈絡，弄清上下文關系很有幫助.例 4 Because when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is , it it will never return. Therefore we should make use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in the futu

13、re.【解析】由表示轉折的However可知，第一個空格是表示時間的“失 去”，應填gone/lost；由表示結果的Therefore可知，應充分利用時間，第二 個空格應用full或good來修飾名詞use.思路4：根據固定詞組填空.熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如：as a matter of fact, make up one' s mind, take part in depend on/upon, by the way, keep in touch with, earn one' s living,等，對解題有很大幫助.例 5 It is easy for him to ma

14、ke upmind and also easy tochange it.【解析】表示“下決心”是固定詞組make up one, s mind,因此答案是 his.思路 5：根據句型搭配，如 so/such-that-；It is- (for sb) to do sth； There is no doubt that；There is no sense in doing sth 等來解 題.【例 6】is known to all that the time we can use is limited.【解析】是It isthat主語從句的句型，作形式主語要用it,故填it.【例 7】He f

15、eels it his duty (help) others.【解析】句中it是形式賓語.要用to help (others)作真正賓語，故填 to help.思路6：根據詞匯知識填空.指根據某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題.如 下列各類動詞必須牢記：只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語的動詞；只能接to do 作賓語的動詞；接to do作賓語補足語的動詞；接to do作賓語補足語的動 詞；接done作賓語補足語的動詞；對句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語等.【例 8】The temple in bad condition needs (repair).【解色】need實義動詞是“需要”的意思，其后如果表示主

16、動，用to do, 如果表示被動，就用v-ing或to be done,故答案為repairing或to be repaired.思路7：根據生活常識填空.【例9】Do not put off what can be done today tomorrow.【解析】結合生活常識，不難理解句意為“不把今天能做的事情推遲到明天 去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的tillAmtill.思路8：根據文化背景填空.例 10 After the flood Mr Deng was as poor as a church .【解析】這句話的意思是“水災后鄧先生一貧如洗了” . as poor as a chu

17、rch mouse是諺語“一貧如洗”的意思.因此此處填mouse.3.驗證復查，清除難點,將所有答案填入空格，并把整篇文章從頭至尾讀一 遍，對所填寫的內容進行檢查修正，以最后確定答案.（二）解題技巧.所謂解題技巧指的是：遵循一般規律，分析具體情況，結 合語境做出正確判斷.1 .純空格題的解題技巧.首先，分析句子結構，確定填哪類詞；然后，根據 句子意思確定填什么詞或根據兩句間的邏輯關系，確定用什么樣的關聯詞.具體 有以下七種技巧：技巧1:缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞（代詞考的更多）.例 1 i can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, a

18、nd gets there in almost a second.【解析】and連接前后兩個句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應填名詞或代 詞；結合前一個分句，不難推知，空格處應填it,代替前句的message.技巧2：名詞前若沒有限定詞（冠詞，形容詞性物主代詞，不定代詞等）， 很可能要填限定詞.【例 2】 the head of the village was tying his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.【解析】因單數可數名詞lown前還沒有

19、限定詞，應填限定詞，根據句意， 天不定冠詞a,表示“一個”.技巧3：句子不缺主語、表語，動動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前 面一定是填介詞.例 3） who should have the honour of receiving me a guestin their house.【解析】完全符合技巧3的情況，填介詞無疑，根據句意可知，此介詞的意 思是“作為”，用介詞as.技巧4：若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能填連詞. 例 4 these paintings by two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso Candido Portinarni,

20、which are worth millions of dollars.【解析】空格之后兩個名詞之間沒有連詞，再根據句意，這里需要并列連詞 and.技巧5：若兩句之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞或從 屬連詞.例 5 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days I was to return to Guangzhou.【解析】空格前后是兩個句子，它們之間要填連詞，根據兩句之間的邏輯關 系,可知“參觀”在“回廣州”之前，故填before.技巧6：若結構較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文的

21、時態 不一致時，很可能是填情態動詞或表示強調或倒裝的助動詞（do,does,did 等）.例 6 What is acceptable in one country be consideredextremely rude in another.【解析】符合技巧6的情況，再根據句意及語氣，填may （表示“可能”）.技巧7：由特殊的句式結構來判斷空格應填的詞.這些特殊句式有：強調句 式、倒裝句、it用作形式主語或形式賓語、so/suchthat句型和more- than等.例 7and was only after I heard she became sick that Ilearned sh

22、e couldn* t eat MSG （味精！【例8】 with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.例 9 Dating sites also make easy to avoid someone when you are not interested in.例 10 This made the goat so jealous it began plotting thedonkey.【解析】例7是強調句式，應填it;例8是倒裝句，根據句意應填only；例 9考查to avoid （真正賓語）的形式賓語it；例10是sothat句型，應填 t

23、hat.2.給出動詞填空的解題技巧.首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語 動詞.然后按照以下兩點進行思考：技巧8：若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然巳有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞 與之是并列關系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態和 語態.例 11 He （pretend） that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】此句沒有謂語動詞，pretend應是謂語動詞，它與主語He是主動 關系；再根據從句中謂語動詞was可知，要用一般過去時，故填pretended.例 12 In Logan, three people( ta

24、ke ) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic.【解析】因主語three people與take是被動關系，故用被動語態；由 were treated可知，要用一般過去時，故填were taken.技巧9：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動 詞.若是非謂語動詞就要確定用-ing形式、-ed形式，還是用不定式形式.例 13 (speak) out your inner feeling won' t make you feel ashamed, on the contrary-【解析】此

25、句已有謂語won' t make,所以speak要用非謂語動詞；謂語之 前應為主語，故填Speaking.【例 14】e' 11 have to work two more hours a day.【解析】因句中已有謂語will have to work,所以是非謂語動詞；根據 句意，非謂語動詞在這里作目的狀語，用動詞不定式例 15 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man (sit) at the front.【解析】此句的謂語動詞是三個并列的動詞got on, found

26、和noticed,表示 接連發生的動作，所以sit要用非謂語動詞；通過分析可知sit應是賓語補足 語，它與賓語a man是主動關系，用sitting.【例 16 The headmaster went into the lab, (follow) by the foreign guests【解析】此句的謂語動詞went,所給動詞與謂語不是并列關系，應用非謂語 動詞形式；the headmaster與follow是被動關系，故填followed,作伴隨狀 語.在語法專項訓練中，把握好語法填空題的命題動向，熟悉考查內容，理清做 題的思路，掌握做題的技巧，就可以做到：有的放矢、有章可循、事半功倍，

27、從而提高做題的效率和準確性.希望此文能對廣大考生有所啟發.語法填空高考試題匯編2007年廣東I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car 31(break) down near a remote and poor village. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered arou

28、nd me were arguing as to 32 should have the honor of receiving me 33 a guest in their house.Finally, I accepted the offer of an old woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up hishorse to my car to pul

29、l it to 35 small town some 20 kilometres away 36 there was agarage.I had noticed three hens nmiiing free in my hostess's cotulyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table.37 villageis brouglit me goafs cheese and hone. We diaiik togetherand talked 38 (merry) till far into the n

30、ight.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman 39 the trouble I had caused 40.2008年廣東Chinese proveibs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese people's daily life.31these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For exa

31、mple, the proverb, “plucking up a crop32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly.He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than heexpe

32、cted. One day, he came up with an idea 35 he would pluck up all of his crop a fewinches. He did so the next day. He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole day, 37he felt very happy since the crop did “grow”38 (high).His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the

33、 crop began to wither. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Beingtoo anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.2009年廣東Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was tochoose a suitable

34、 Christinas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy 32(please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33pleasant experience： people stepped onyour feet or34 (push) you with their elbows (肘 部)，hurrying ahead to get to a b

35、argain.Jane paused in front of a counter 35some attracth-e ties were on display. uThey are realsilk,“ the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.'5 But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.Jane stopped where a small crowd of

36、men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes37 sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smokeda pipe only once in a while,she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 38.When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were alrea

37、dy 39table having supper. Her mother was excited. uYour father has at last decided to stop smoking/5 Jane 40 (inform).(2011廣東)One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left (http:/.unjs.) it early because I had an appointment 16 (late) that day. My friends walked me to the bus s

38、top and waited with me 17 the bus arrived. I got on the bus and found a seat near the back, and then I noticed a man 18 (sit) at the front. He 19(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving ita voice. He must be 20(mental) disabled.Behind him were other people to 21 he was trying to talk, but afte

39、r some minutes 22 walked away and sat near me, looking annoyedI didn't want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn't like leaving liim 23 his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had 24 amazin

40、g conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.I'm glad I made a choice. It made 25 of us feel good.(2012廣東)Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day , 16 (wear) sun glasses . He walked in as if he 17 (buy

41、) the school 5And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt 18(please) , because there were many emptyseats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasn't her, it was probably the fact that she sat in 19 last row.20 he thought

42、 he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little 21(hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn't stopthe kids in the class. Of course whenever they turn to look at him, they had to look at Mary , 22 made her feel lik

43、e a star .“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head .'Then Fd appreciate it if you didn't wear them in class .1 like to look at your eyes when I'm speaking to you." The new boy looked at the teacher 23 a few seconds and all the o

44、ther students wondered 24 the boy would do .Then he took 25 off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”，(2014廣東)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said6 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned formonth

45、s. When the day came, we were ready.After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months_17 (early) , but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18 (tell) that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, 19 for the week after. Ididn't un

46、derstand 20 tliis would happen and my credit card had already been chargedthe reservation. What's worse, the hotel had been ftilly booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22 (surprise) helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23 top

47、 floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, andwe weren't charged extra.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24 we watched some people playvolleyball. We got a little (sunburn) , but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.(2014全國卷)Are you facing a situation tha

48、t looks impossible to fix?In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland. Ohio. It -61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, ears later, this river is one of_63 most outstanding examples

49、of environmental cleanup.But the river wasn't changed in a few days _64_ even a few months. It took yeai's of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66 (clean) than ever.Maybe you are facing an imposs

50、ible situation. Maybe you leave a habit _67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are _68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _70 (patience).(2015廣東)Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned 16 farm,