1、2010高一語法學案（二）動名詞、不定式動名詞1、動名詞的基本形式 主動式被動式一般式(not) doing _完成式 _ _2、動名詞作主語 Having enough passion is not enough if you want to do this job well. Eating more fruit every day is helpful to keep you away from SARS.試比較：Swimming is fun.To swim on such a hot day is fun.結論：動名詞作主語_，不定式作主語_。特

2、殊結構：It為形式主語，動名詞詞組作真正的主語：Its no good smoking, so youd better give it upIts no use arguing with himIts useless complaining to the boss.I dont think it any good/use doing作主語考點 1 動名詞的復合結構 e.g. _ (他) being present at the meeting surprised us all. (必須用_) 2 動名詞的否定結構 e.g. _ (Tom沒有) attending the meeting dis

3、appointed us all. (注意位置順序) 3 注意被動結構 e.g. _ (在事故中受傷) made it difficult for him to walk. e.g. _ (被選為班長) of the class made him very happy.3、動名詞作賓語 Many people enjoy sunbathing on the beach in summer. The singer is looking forward to releasing his new album. 后面只能跟動名詞的動詞：enjoy, admit, imagine, allow, avo

4、id, advise, escape, miss, deny, delay, resist, consider, excuse, finish, involve, practise, suggest, stand, risk, mind, appreciate, postpone需要注意的介詞詞組：object to, lead to, look forward to, be used to, pay attention to, devoteto/be devoted to作賓語考點 1. 復合結構 e.g. Would you mind _ (我) opening the window? (

5、_都可以) 2. 被動結構 e.g. He is afraid of _ (一個人被留在家里) at night. 3. 否定結構 e.g. He regrets _ (沒有努力學習) when young. 4. 否定加復合結構 e.g. His mother was disappointed at _. (他沒通過考試) 5. (否定)、被動加復合結構 e.g. He was angry at _ (he, not, tell) the news. e.g. The evidence led to _. (小偷被抓) 6. 完成結構 e.g. We are proud of _. (成功舉

6、辦北京奧運會)4、動名詞的固定結構 It is no use/no good doing It is useless doing I dont think it any good doing have difficulty (in) doing trouble problems fun a hard/pleasant time There is no point (in) doing =It is no use doing There is no doing =It is impossible to do e.g. There is no telling what will happen in

7、 the future. spend time (in) doing waste time (in) doing lose no time (in) doing prevent(from) doing stop(from) doing keepfrom doing allow doing/sb. to do permit doing/sb. to do advise doing/sb. to do recommend doing/sb. to do forbid doing/sb. to do want/need/require/deserve to be done =want/need/re

8、quire/deserve doing e.g. The flowers need/want/require to be watered/watering. be worth doing be worthy to be done be worthy of being done e.g. The book is worth reading. The book is worthy to be read. The book is worthy of being read. remember forget stop mean regret go on try不定式動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的一種形式，通常

9、以不定式符號to加動詞原形構成，其否定式是not to加動詞原形。1、動詞不定式一般有時態和語態的變化，通常有以下幾種形式(do為例) 主動 被動一般式To do_完成式 _ _進行式 _ 完成進行式 _ 2、不定式作主語· To wait in line is good manners.· How to solve the problem still puzzles me a lot.作主語考點形式主語It is difficult/hard/easy/important/necessaryessential/convenient/

10、possible/dangerous for sb. to do sth.It is kind/clever/wise/stupid/foolish/careful of sb. to do sth. 3、不定式作賓語在afford, appear, agree, aim, beg, choose, decide, demand, desire, expect, hope, hesitate, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等動詞后常接動詞不定式作賓語。· We cant a

11、fford to buy that apartment.· The boy aimed to enter a famous university.· He longed to become a world-famous scientist.· When we met yesterday, he pretended not to see me作賓語考點· 1. 被動結構· e.g. They expected _ (pay) after finishing the job.· 2. 完成結構· e.g. The plane s

12、eemed _ off (take) already when we hurried to the airport.· 3. 進行結構· e.g. The boy pretended _ (read) English when his mother came back home last night.· 4. 完成被動結構· e.g. The book appeared _ (punish) last month.· 5. 和wh-疑問詞連用· e.g. Have you decided where to go this coming

13、 weekend? (where we will go)· e.g. We have no idea when to hold school sports meeting. (when we will hold) · e.g. I wonder what to do/how to do it next.· 6. hoped to have done=had hoped to do· e.g. I had hoped to visit you yesterday, but I was too busy.=I hoped to have visited yo

14、u, but I was too busy.· 該用法適用于下列單詞· mean, hope, expect, intend, plan, was(were)等· 7. 形式賓語結構· find/think/feel/suppose it adj. /n. (for sb.) to do· e.g. Some students find it difficult to learn English well.· e.g. He thinks it a pleasure/an honor _ (invite) to the party.4

15、、不定式作賓補· 在advise, allow, ask, cause, encourage, expect, force, forbid, get, help, invite, instruct, remind, recommend, order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, warn, want, wish等動詞后的賓語常常帶有一個動詞不定式作賓語補足語。· His father encouraged him to work as a journalist. · My mum wont allow me to smoke.&#

16、183; What on earth caused you to change your mind?· The boss instructed his secretary to cancel all the meetings作賓補考點· 1. hope/suggest/demand 不能跟不定式作賓補。· e.g. He is hoped to win the game. /We hope him to win the game.是錯句· 2. 注意否定· e.g. He was told not/never to be late for cl

17、ass. · 3. 注意動詞+賓語+(to be)+ n. /adj.結構· think, consider, believe, find, prove, know· e.g. The scientist proved the theory (to be) true.· e.g. They believe it (to be) a true story.· e.g. We all think him (to be) modest. èWe all think of him as modest. · 4. 感官動詞和使役動詞后

18、賓補前省略to· feel, hear, listen to, make, let, have, see, look at, watch, notice, observe· e.g. The mother felt herself grow cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield.· 但在被動語態時某些動詞后要恢復to· e.g. He is often heard to sing the song.· e.g. The little boy

19、 was made to play the piano every day.· e.g. The pianist is often listened to to play a melodious(動聽的) tune at night. 5、不定式作狀語· A. 目的狀語· e.g. He got up very early this morning (just) to (in order/so as to) catch the first bus.· èHe got up very early this morning so that he c

20、ould catch the first bus.· e.g. To make the 2010 Shanghai EXPO a great success, we need to make full preparations in every aspect. · B. 結果狀語· (1) tooto/enoughto結構· The boy is too young to be given too much work.· èThe boy is not old enough to be given too much work.toot

21、o結構注意點· He is too wise not to be cheated.· He is so wise that he will not be cheated.· He is wise enough not to be cheated.· Its never too late to learn.· I am only too glad to stay at home.· (2) soas to結構· e.g. Would you be so kind as to do me a favor?· e.g.

22、The concert hall is so large as to seat an audience of 10,000.· The concert hall is large enough to seat an audience of 10,000.· The concert hall is so large that it can· (3) only to, never to結構· e.g. I hurried to the booking office, only to find that all the tickets had been sol

23、d out.· e.g. He left his hometown at the age of 18, never to return.· e.g. He went to climb the mountain, never to be heard of. 6、不定式作定語· 1. I have a lot of clothes to wash tonight.· I wash clothes· “Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid.· 2. He is looki

24、ng for a room to live in.· Please give me a knife to cut with.· 3. He is the first (student) to come and the last to leave.· 4. 注意某些名詞后面不定式作定語(由動詞派生)· e.g. His failure to pass the exam let his parents down.· e.g. His attempt to break the prison failed at last.· ability,

25、 ambition, attempt, decision, plan, offer, chance, failure, need, promise等7、不定式須注意的其他問題· do nothing but/except do· cannot help but do· cannot but do· cannot choose but do· have no choice/alternative but to do· It is said/reported/believed that S do sth.· èS is

26、 said/reported/believed to do sth.· e.g. It is said that he works as an engineer.· èHe is said _ as an engineer.· e.g. It is reported that the bank was robbed yesterday.· èThe bank is reported in todays newspaper _ yesterday.· 形容詞+不定式結構· e.g. We were excited t

27、o learn the news.· e.g. The book is difficult to read.· e.g. He is a person (who is) easy to get along with.· 不定式的省略到to為止· -Would you like to see a film tonight?· -Id like to, but I have a meeting to attend.課后反饋1. She felt it quite honored _ (invite) to the opening ceremony

28、of the film festival.2. The bakery run by the Smiths is reported in todays newspaper _ (burn) down last night.3. I dont think it any good _ (enter) for the match.4. Enough attention should be paid to _ (keep) the classroom in order.5. The flowers require _ (water) every other day if they are to surv

29、ive.6. The scientist is said to be easy _ (get) along with.7. I would rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _ (share) a room with someone else.8. After finishing the job, they expected _ (pay).9. The man in brown was considered _ (see) everything that had happened in the supermarke

30、t.10. He objected to _ (keep) waiting for such a long time.11. Have you been invited to the meeting _ (hold) this coming Sunday.12. _ (write) in simple English, the novel is very easy for us to understand.13. Have you visited the museum _ (build) the year before?14. After_ (question) for several hou

31、rs, the milled-aged women admitted _ (steal) a bottle of milk from the supermarket.15. The girl insisted on her _ (not marry) to the man her parents were fond of.16. Two men were fined for being caught _ (hunt) in the national park yesterday.17. Though she was born in a poor family, her parents did

32、manage _ (send) her to a university and later she went abroad to further her study.18. I would do anything for her except _ (eat) what she cooks.19. He left his hometown at the age of 18, never _ (return) again.20. Our car broke down on our way to the hall where a conference was to be held yesterday

33、, and _ (make) matters worse, there was no garage within our sight.21. The little boy pretended _ (read) English text when his mother came back home yesterday.22. _ (elect) monitor of his class made him very happy.23. The Internet makes it possible for us _ (inform) of what is going on all over the

34、world.24. You can never imagine the difficulty we had _ (search) for the lost documents.25. On the wall _ (hang) two large portraits then.26. The life the millionaire had long been accustomed to _ (change) greatly after his big failure in business.27. The matter on how to get on well with one anothe