1、1從屬連詞（從屬連詞（Subordinating Conjunctions）從屬連詞是用來引起從句的，它在主句和從句中間起連接作用。從屬連詞是用來引起從句的，它在主句和從句中間起連接作用。具體地說，從屬連詞主要引起狀語從句。具體地說，從屬連詞主要引起狀語從句。時間狀語從句：時間狀語從句：when , whenever ,as , while, before , after, until, till, since, ever since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, instantly, directly, hardlywhen, no s

2、oonerthan地點狀語從句：地點狀語從句：where , wherever原因狀語從句：原因狀語從句：as, because, since, seeing(that) , considering (that) , now that , not thatbut that目的狀語從句：目的狀語從句：that , so that , in order that , lest , for fear that , in case結果狀語從句：結果狀語從句：that , so that , such that條件狀語從句：條件狀語從句：if , unless , suppose , supposing

3、 ,so/as long as, so far as, on condition(that ) ,provided ( that )讓步狀語從句：讓步狀語從句：though , although , no matter , even if , even though , however , whatever,whether比較狀語從句：比較狀語從句：than , as 方式狀語從句：方式狀語從句：as , as if , as though 2 They came here in order that they explained the matter to us.2. I wont beli

4、eve it until I will have seen it with my own eyes.3. The girl talks as if she has been to the moon. 4. The man smokes as much as his father 10 years ago.5. No sooner was he here than I told him about it.1. When time went on ,his theory proved to be right.2. Although it rains heavily, we shall still

5、go out.3. Child although he is, he knows a lot.4. Because you havent prepared it ,well delay our action.5. There is such little work that such little boys can finish it soon.一、從句謂語動詞形式錯誤一、從句謂語動詞形式錯誤二、從句引導詞使用錯誤二、從句引導詞使用錯誤31. At the age of five, his father died.2. To improve your English, reading is n

6、ecessary .3. Being a fine day, we went out for a play.4. While waiting for the bus, my wallet missed.5. Giving more time, I can do it better.三、主狀不一錯誤三、主狀不一錯誤4點擊高考狀語從點擊高考狀語從句中的省略句中的省略 Ellipsis51. Dont speak until you are spoken to . 2. Ill buy a TV set if it is necessary. 3.She stood at the gate as i

7、f she was waiting for someone. 4. He was a swimmer when he was a child. 5. Though it is cold, he wore a shirt.6. While I was walking alone in the street, my name was called. 什么時候可以省略什么時候可以省略?怎么省略怎么省略?spoken tonecessarywaiting for someone a child7. While I was walking walking alone in the street, I h

8、eard my name called.Though cold, he were a shirt.While walking alone in the street, my name was called.walking alone the street ,6 :什么時候可以省略什么時候可以省略?怎么省略怎么省略? 在含有狀語從句的復合句中在含有狀語從句的復合句中若從句的主句是若從句的主句是it或與或與主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有be時，常省略從時，常省略從句的主語和句的主語和be。 1._ (在北京的時候在北京的時候), I paid a visit to t

9、he Summer Palace. 2. _(當是個年輕人的時候當是個年輕人的時候), Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster. 3. He has no money. _ (要是有的話要是有的話), he will give us. 4._(除非修理除非修理), the machine is of no use. 5. _(要是給更多的關注要是給更多的關注), The boy could have turned out better. 6. A girl stood at the gate of the school as if

10、_ _(跟老師講話跟老師講話).When/While in BeijingWhen/As a young manIf anyUnless repairedIf given more attention to talking with a teacher7一、一、 在含有狀語從句的復合句中在含有狀語從句的復合句中 1.1.when，while，as, once，whenever引導的時引導的時間狀語從句；間狀語從句； 2 2. .if，unless引導的條件狀語從句；引導的條件狀語從句； 3.3.though，although，even if ，even though引引導的讓步狀語從句；導的讓

11、步狀語從句； 4.4.as though，as if，as引導的方式狀語從句；引導的方式狀語從句； 5 5. . whereverwherever引導的地點狀語從句引導的地點狀語從句 若從句的主句是若從句的主句是it或與主句的主語相同，且在或與主句的主語相同，且在謂語中含有謂語中含有be時，常省略從句的主語和時，常省略從句的主語和be。 再強調：再強調：81. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春安徽春

12、) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see as if he was going to see whetherHe shook his head as if (he was going) to say: “Dont trust her”.9: :省略在省略在As ifAs if引導的方式狀語從句中應用的較多引導的方式狀語從句中應用的較多. . 1. Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to say something. 2. He acted as if (he was) a fool.

13、 3. She left the room hurriedly as if( she was) angry. 4.He stared at the girl as if (he was) seeing her for the first time. 5.The player is rolling on the ground as if (he was ) hurt badly. 6. He opened the drawer as if (he was )in search of something important. : as ifas if用于省略句中用于省略句中, ,如果如果as if

14、 as if 引導的從句引導的從句是是“主語系動詞主語系動詞”結構，可省略主語和系動詞，結構，可省略主語和系動詞，這樣這樣as ifas if 后就只剩下后就只剩下不定式、名詞、形容詞（短不定式、名詞、形容詞（短語）、介詞短語語）、介詞短語或或分詞。分詞。_ (好象要說什么好象要說什么)_(好象他是個傻瓜好象他是個傻瓜)_(好象生氣了好象生氣了)_(好象是第一次看到她好象是第一次看到她)_(好象嚴重受傷了好象嚴重受傷了)._(好象在尋找重要的東西好象在尋找重要的東西)10高考鏈接：高考鏈接： 1. When first _ to the market, these products enjoy

15、ed great success. (NMET 2004全國卷全國卷II) A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全國卷全國卷IV) A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned 113. The man we followed suddenl

16、y stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春安徽春) A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see 4. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷上海卷) A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D.when to b

17、e taken125. Unless _ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春上海春) A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 6. When _ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春上海春) A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 137.

18、Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷上海卷) A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 8. _told to stop, the excited children kept on talking in class, so I got angry. A. As B.When C.While D. Though141.地點狀語從句地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句通常由地點狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導。引導。 Wh

19、ere I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。我住的地方樹很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會想到你。不管我在哪里我都會想到你。152.方式狀語從句方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) asso, as if, as though引導。引導。1） as, (just) asso引導的方式狀語從句通常位于引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在主句后，但在(just) asso結構中位于句首，這時結構中位于句首，這時as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是

20、從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是“正如正如”，“就像就像”，多用于正式文體，例如：多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開空氣，我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。猶如魚兒離不開水。Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要正如打掃房

21、屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。）掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。）162） as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛仿佛似的似的，好像好像似似的的，例如：，例如：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事

22、實，就仿佛它不存在似的。他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣語氣)17 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現的可能性較大，看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語謂語用陳述語 氣。）氣。） 說明：說明：a

23、s if / as though也可以引導也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式一個分詞短語、不定式 短語或無動詞短語，例如：短語或無動詞短語，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。他目不轉睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波濤沖擊著波濤沖擊著巖石，好像

24、很憤怒。巖石，好像很憤怒。183 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句 比較：比較：because, since, as和和for 1）because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用人們所知，就用as或或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.2）由）由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗引導的

25、從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號，號，則可以用則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用情況加以推斷，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today.194. 目的狀語從句目的狀語從句 表示目的狀語的從句可以由表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導，例如：等詞引導，例如： Yo

26、u must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.205 .結果狀語從句結果狀語從句 結果狀語從句常由結果狀語從句常由so that 或或 suchthat引導，引導， 掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解掌握這兩個句型，首先要了解so 和和 such與其后的與其后的 詞的搭配規律。詞的搭配規

27、律。 比較：比較： so和和 such 其規律由其規律由so與與such的不同詞性決定。的不同詞性決定。such 是形容詞，是形容詞， 修飾名詞或名詞詞組，修飾名詞或名詞詞組，so 是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或是副詞，只能修飾形容詞或 副詞。副詞。 so 還可與表示數量的形容詞還可與表示數量的形容詞many, few, much, little連用，形成固定搭配連用，形成固定搭配。21so foolishsuch a foolso nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowers such nice flowersso much / lit

28、tle money. such rapid progressso many peoplesuch a lot of people （ so many 已成固定搭配，已成固定搭配，a lot of 雖相當于雖相當于 many， 但但 a lot of 為名詞性的，只能用為名詞性的，只能用such搭配。）搭配。） sothat與與 suchthat之間的轉換既為之間的轉換既為 so與與such之間之間 的轉換。的轉換。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go to s

29、chool.226. 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句 連接詞主要有連接詞主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。等。.if 引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。引導的條件句有真實條件句和非真實條件句兩種。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。非真實條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。unless = if not. Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk.237 .讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句 1）

30、 though, although注意：注意： 當有當有though, although時，后面的從句不能有時，后面的從句不能有 but，但是，但是 though 和和yet可連用可連用Although its raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里干活。雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里干活。He is very old, but he still works very hard.雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may

31、remain.傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。 （諺語）（諺語）典型例題典型例題_she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. WhenB. However C. Although D. Unless答案：答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。242)as, though 引導的倒裝句引導的倒裝句 as / though引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前引導的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。Child as /though he was, h

32、e knew what was the right thing to do.= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.注意：注意： a.句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。b.句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。句首是實義動詞，其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語，隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfact

33、orily.= Though he tries hard, he never seems雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。3)ever if, even though.即使即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad.4) whetheror- 不管不管都都Whether you believe it or not, it is true.255)no matter +疑問詞疑問詞 或或疑問詞疑問詞+后綴后綴ever No matter what happened, he would not

34、 mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：注意：no matter 不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。不能引導主語從句和賓語從句。（錯）（錯）No matter what you say is of no use now.（對）（

35、對）Whatever you say is of no use now. (Whatever you say是主語從句是主語從句)（錯）（錯）Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, （對）（對）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given. 268. 比較比較while, when, as 1）as, when 引導短暫性動作的動詞。引導短暫性動作的動詞。 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.2）當

36、從句的動作發生于主句動作之前，只能用）當從句的動作發生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導這個從句，不可用引導這個從句，不可用as 或或 while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）從句表示）從句表示隨時間推移隨時間推移連詞能用連詞能用as，不用，不用when 或或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。日子一天天過去，天氣越變越壞。27 9 .比較比較until和和till 此兩個連詞意義相同。肯定形式表示的意思是此兩個連詞意義

37、相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某時做某事直至某時”， 動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是動詞必須是延續性的。否定形式表達的意思是“直至某時才做某事直至某時才做某事”。 動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以。動詞為延續性或非延續性都可以。 正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一正確使用這兩個連詞的關鍵之一 就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。就在于判斷句中的動詞該用肯定式還是否定式。 肯定句：肯定句： I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。我一直睡到半夜時醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。等著我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用（在肯定句中可

38、用before代替代替 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：否定句： She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到她直到6點才到。點才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩后再下車。公共汽車停穩后再下車。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會做。直到你教我后，我才會做。281)Until可用于句首，而可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。通常不用于句首。

39、 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點也不知道。 2)Until when 疑問句中，疑問句中，until要放在句首。要放在句首。 -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時候？你呆到什么時候？ - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。呆到下周一。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。(1）Not until 在句首，主句用倒裝。在句首，主句用倒裝。Not until the

40、 early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到直到19 世紀初，人類才知道熱能是什么。世紀初，人類才知道熱能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我開始工作，我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。直到我開始工作，我才認識到了我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。(2)It is not until that 29 10 .表示表示一一就就的結構的結構 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan

41、和和as soon as都可以表示都可以表示“一一就就”的意思，例：的意思，例：I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.As soon as I got home, it began to rain.注意：如果注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或或no sooner置于句首，置于句首， 句子句子 必須用倒裝結構：必須用倒裝結構：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began t

42、o rain.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.301. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. toC. doing D. doing it2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 3. - Ill be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. _. A. Ive no time B. Id rather not C. Id like it D. Id be happy to BAD鏈接其他省略鏈接其他省略31 動詞不定