1、專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)項(xiàng)目作業(yè)報(bào)告專(zhuān)業(yè)項(xiàng)目名稱(chēng):全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)翻譯班級(jí):學(xué)號(hào): 指導(dǎo)教師:日期:2012年10月13日齊齊哈爾工程學(xué)院第一章 概 述根據(jù)全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)的工作原理,利用可編程控制器PLC實(shí)現(xiàn)控制,說(shuō)明了PLC控制的原理方法,特點(diǎn)及控制洗衣機(jī)的特色。全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)利用了西門(mén)子S7-200系列PLC的特點(diǎn),對(duì)按鈕,電磁閥,開(kāi)關(guān)等其他一些輸入/輸出點(diǎn)進(jìn)行控制,實(shí)現(xiàn)了洗衣機(jī)洗衣過(guò)程的自動(dòng)化。由于每遍的洗滌,排水,脫水的時(shí)間由PLC內(nèi)計(jì)數(shù)器控制,所以只要改變計(jì)數(shù)器參數(shù)就可以改變時(shí)間?？梢园焉厦嬖O(shè)定的程序時(shí)間定下來(lái),作為固定程序使用,也可以根據(jù)衣物的質(zhì)地,數(shù)量及油污的程度來(lái)編程。只要稍作改變,就可以

2、設(shè)計(jì)出諸如要多洗多甩的牛仔類(lèi)衣物,輕洗輕甩的羊毛類(lèi)衣物以及通用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)洗滌程序,充分表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代家電品的實(shí)用性。在洗衣機(jī)控制方面，在PLC問(wèn)世之前，工業(yè)控制領(lǐng)域中是繼電器占主導(dǎo)地位。但繼電器控制領(lǐng)域有著十分明顯的缺點(diǎn)：體積大、耗電多、可靠性、壽命短、運(yùn)行速度慢、適應(yīng)性差、尤其當(dāng)生產(chǎn)工藝發(fā)生變化時(shí)，就必須重新設(shè)計(jì)、重新安裝，造成時(shí)間和資金的嚴(yán)重浪費(fèi)。為了改變這一現(xiàn)狀，PLC控制系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生了。繼1969年美國(guó)數(shù)字設(shè)備公司研制出世界第一臺(tái)PLC，并在通用汽車(chē)公司自動(dòng)裝配線上試用，獲得了成功，從而開(kāi)創(chuàng)了工業(yè)控制新時(shí)期，從此，可編程控制器這一新的控制技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展起來(lái)了。在許多領(lǐng)域都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。PLC的 優(yōu)點(diǎn)是

3、：可靠性高，耗電少，適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)，運(yùn)行速度快，壽命長(zhǎng)等，為了進(jìn)一步提高全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)的功能和性能，防止傳統(tǒng)控制的一些弊端，就提出了用PLC來(lái)控制全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)這個(gè)課題。第二章 課題任務(wù)分析2.1整體功能介紹洗衣機(jī)的工作流程由開(kāi)始，進(jìn)水，洗衣，排水，和脫水，結(jié)束6個(gè)過(guò)程組成。在半自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)中，這四個(gè)過(guò)程分別用相應(yīng)的按扭開(kāi)關(guān)來(lái)控制。全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)中，這四個(gè)過(guò)程可做到全自動(dòng)依次運(yùn)行，直至洗衣結(jié)束。2.2設(shè)備控制要求 全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)控制要求是能實(shí)現(xiàn)"正常運(yùn)行"和"強(qiáng)制停止"兩種控制要求。按下啟動(dòng)按扭，開(kāi)始進(jìn)水直到水滿(mǎn)即水位到達(dá)高水位時(shí)停止進(jìn)水開(kāi)始洗滌正轉(zhuǎn)洗滌時(shí)，正轉(zhuǎn)30秒，

4、停兩秒，然后反轉(zhuǎn)30秒，停2秒如此循環(huán)5次，總共320秒開(kāi)始排水水位下降到低水位時(shí)開(kāi)始脫水并繼續(xù)排水，脫水30秒開(kāi)始清洗，重復(fù)1到4，清洗兩遍 清洗完成，報(bào)警3秒并自動(dòng)停機(jī)假設(shè)按下排水按扭可以實(shí)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)排水假設(shè)按下停車(chē)按扭，可實(shí)現(xiàn)手動(dòng)停止進(jìn)水，排水 脫水及報(bào)警第三章 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)3.1控制系統(tǒng)框圖3.2控制系統(tǒng)對(duì)應(yīng)設(shè)備及實(shí)現(xiàn)功能對(duì)應(yīng)的外部設(shè)備啟動(dòng)按扭停止按扭水位選擇開(kāi)關(guān)高水位水位選擇開(kāi)關(guān)中水位水位選擇開(kāi)關(guān)低水位手動(dòng)排水開(kāi)關(guān)手動(dòng)脫水開(kāi)關(guān)高水位浮球開(kāi)關(guān)中水位浮球開(kāi)關(guān)低水位浮球開(kāi)關(guān)水排空浮球開(kāi)關(guān) 對(duì)應(yīng)的輸出設(shè)備進(jìn)水電磁閥排水電磁閥洗滌電動(dòng)機(jī)正轉(zhuǎn)繼電器洗滌電動(dòng)機(jī)反轉(zhuǎn)繼電器脫水桶報(bào)警器 3.3控制系統(tǒng)原

5、理自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)的進(jìn)水，洗衣，排水，脫水是通過(guò)水位開(kāi)關(guān)，電磁進(jìn)水閥和電磁排水閥配合進(jìn)行控制，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)控制的，水位開(kāi)關(guān)用來(lái)控制進(jìn)水到洗衣機(jī)內(nèi)高中低水位，電磁進(jìn)水閥起著通斷水源的作用。進(jìn)水時(shí)，電磁進(jìn)水閥打開(kāi)，將水注入，排水時(shí)，電磁排水閥打開(kāi)，將水排出，洗衣時(shí)，洗滌電動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)。第四章 硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)4.1系統(tǒng)的選型1IO點(diǎn)數(shù)統(tǒng)計(jì)：I/O點(diǎn)數(shù)是PL定時(shí)器/計(jì)數(shù)器：2B/個(gè) 模擬量：100-150B/個(gè)通信接口：一個(gè)接口一般需要300B以上根據(jù)上面算出的總字節(jié)數(shù)再考慮增加25%左右的備用量，就可估算出用戶(hù)程序所需的內(nèi)存容量，從而選擇合適的PLC內(nèi)存。該系統(tǒng)有11個(gè)數(shù)字輸入點(diǎn)6個(gè)數(shù)字輸出點(diǎn)，需內(nèi)存280B

6、，有定時(shí)器6個(gè)，計(jì)時(shí)器2個(gè)，需內(nèi)存16B，考慮余量后需要內(nèi)存370B。2CPU功能與結(jié)構(gòu)的選擇PLC的功能日益強(qiáng)大，一般PLC都具有開(kāi)關(guān)量邏輯運(yùn)算、定時(shí)、計(jì)數(shù)、數(shù)據(jù)處理等基本功能，有些PLC還可擴(kuò)展各種特殊功能模塊，如通信模塊、位置控制模塊等，選型時(shí)可考慮以下幾點(diǎn)：功能與任務(wù)相適應(yīng)，PLC的處理速度應(yīng)滿(mǎn)足實(shí)時(shí)控制的要求、PLC結(jié)構(gòu)合理、機(jī)型統(tǒng)一、在線編程和離線編程的選擇。全自動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)控制所要求的控制功能簡(jiǎn)單，小型PLC就能滿(mǎn)足要求了。Fully automatic washing machine design譯文：一、The first chapter is aboveAccording to

7、 the working principle of automatic washing machine, the use of programmable controller PLC control, and explains the principle of PLC control methods, characteristics and control characteristics of the washing machine. Fully automatic washing machine control system using the Siemens S7-200 series P

8、LC characteristics, button, electromagnetic valve, switch and other some input/output point control, realized the washing machines wash process automation. Because every time washing, drainage, dehydration time by PLC in counter control, so as long as change counter parameters can time change. Can s

9、et above the program time decided, as fixed program use, also can according to clothing quality of a material, quantity and the degree of oil pollution to programming. As long as make a change a bit, you can design a more more, such as washing jilt cowboy kind of clothing, light wash light jilt of w

10、ool kind of clothing and universal standard washing procedure, fully show the modern electrical appliances product practicability.In the washing machine control, in before the advent of PLC, industrial control field is relay dominant. But the relay control field is very obvious disadvantages: large

11、volume, power consumption and reliability, short life, slow, adaptability difference, especially when the production process change, it is necessary to redesign, reinstall, causing serious waste of time and money. In order to change this situation, PLC control system produced. After in 1969 the Unit

12、ed States digital equipment company developed the world the first PLC, and in general motors automatic assembly line trial and succeeded, thus created the industrial control new period, from now on, PLC (programmable logic controller) this new control technology developed rapidly. In many areas are

13、widely used. The advantage of PLC is: high reliability, less consumption, strong adaptability, fast operation, long life and so on, in order to further improve the automatic washing machine function and performance, to avoid the traditional control some drawbacks, has put forward the use PLC to cont

14、rol the fully automatic washing machine of this subject.二、The second chapter subject task analysis2.1 the whole function is introducedThe working process of the washing machine by water, laundry, drainage, and dehydration of four process. In the semi-automatic washing machine, the four process respe

15、ctively with the corresponding button switch to control. Fully automatic washing machine, and the four process can be done in fully automatic operation, until the end of laundry.2.2 equipment control requirementsFully automatic washing machine control requirements are can realize "normal operat

16、ion" and "forced to stop" two control requirements.(1) press the start button, and began to fill with water until (i.e. the water reaches a high water level) to stop water to start washing are turning(2) when catharsis, are turning 30 seconds, stop two seconds, then reverse 30 seconds

17、, stop for 2 seconds(3) so cycle 5 times, a total of 320 seconds began to drainage(4) drop in the water level to the low water level at the start of dehydration and continue to drainage, dehydration 30 seconds5 start cleaning, repeat (1) to (4), cleaning twice6 clean finish, alarm 3 seconds and auto

18、matic stopIf the meantime press drainage button can realize manual drainageIf stuff press the stop button, can realize manual stop water, dewatering and alarm三、The third chapter, the design of control system3.1 control system block diagramFigure 1 system block diagram3.2 control system corresponding

19、 equipment and realization functionThe corresponding external equipment start button to stop button water selector switch (high level) water selector switch (water) water selector switch (low water level) manual drainage switch manual dehydration switch high water level ball float switch in water le

20、vel ball float switch low water ball float switch water emptying ball float switchThe corresponding output equipment intake solenoid valve discharge solenoid valve washing motor are turning relay washing motor reversal relay to take off the bucket alarm。3.3 control system principleAutomatic washing

21、machine water, laundry, drainage, dehydration is through the water level switch, electromagnetic inlet valve and electromagnetic drain valve with the control, so as to realize automatic control, water level switch is used to control the water washing machine in low high school level, electromagnetic

22、 inlet valve plays the role of water on and off. Water, electromagnetic inlet valve open, water injection, drainage, electromagnetic drain valve open, will draw out, laundry, wash motor startup, dehydration, to take off the bucket start.四、The fourth chapter hardware circuit design4.1 system selectio

23、n(1) IO points statistics:The I/O points are PLTimer/counter: 2 b/aAnalog quantity: 100-150 - b/aCommunication interface: a interface general need 300 b aboveAccording to the above figure out the total number of bytes to consider increase 25% spare capacity, can estimate the user program memory capa

24、city, so as to choose appropriate PLC memory. The system has 11 digital input point 6 digital output point, need to memory 280 b, a timer six, timer 2, need to memory and b, consider allowance needs after memory 370 b.(2) CPU function and structure choiceThe function of PLC increasingly powerful, ge

25、neral PLC has the switch quantity logic, timing, counting, data processing and other basic functions, some PLC can also expand all kinds of special functional modules, such as the communication module, position control module, selection consider the following: function and task adapt, PLC processing

26、 speed should meet the requirements of real-time control, PLC reasonable structure, aircraft type, and unity, online programming and off-line programming choice. Fully automatic washing machine control required control function is simple, small PLC can meet the requirements.五、To sum up, combined wit

27、h analysis of the table belowCPU221 CPU222 CPU224 CPU226 program memory 2048 words 4096 words user data memory 1024 words 2560 words user memory type EEPROM data backup typical time 50 h 190 h the machine IO 6 into / 4 out of eight into / 6 out of 14 into / 10 out of 24 into / 16 out extension modul

28、e number no two seven digital quantity IO impression area size 256 (128 into / 128 a) analog quantity IO impression area size no 16 into / 16 out 32 into/out of 32 33 hz Boolean instruction execution speed 0.37 / subtle/instruction internal relay 256 counter/timer 256/256 sequence control relay 256T

29、he control system CPU module can use CPU - 224 (AC/DC/relay) module, it can control the whole system according to the control requirements orderly. At the same time as the module adopting ac 220 v power supply, and bring their own 14 digital input point and 10 digital output point, can fully meet th

30、e requirements of the automatic washing machine control system, so there is no need to other power module, digital and output module.To sum up selection of Siemens S7-200 type PLC4.2 CPU unit designIntegrated 24 v load power, can be directly connected to the sensor and transmitter (actuator), CPU 22

31、1222 with 180 mA output, CPU 224, CPU 224 xp, CPU 226 respectively output 280 mA, 400 mA. Available load power. The design used in the CPU for CPU224.This machine digital input/output pointCPU224 14 di / 10 doThis machine simulation the input/output pointCPU 224 xp has two AI / 1 ao.4.3 hardware wir

32、ing diagram4.4 communication modeThe internal integrated PPI interface for users provide a powerful communication function. PPI interface for RS485, can be in three ways:1. The PPI ways: PPI communication protocol is designed for Siemens S7-200 series PLC development of communication protocol. Throu

33、gh the general pass two core shielded twisted-pair cable for networking. Baud rate is 9.6 kbit/s, 19.2 kbit/s and 187.5 kbit/s. The CPU integrated programming mouth at the same time is PPI communication network interface.2. MPI way: throughThere are four interface for single and redundant transmissi

34、on:2 a combination of RS232 / RS485 interface used to connect the classical WAN, such as special line, wireless or dial-up networkRJ45 interface used to connect to based on IP network (WAN or LAN), such as FOC, DSL, GPRS, etcCompact components used for a variety of USES:As an independent unit (indep

35、endent operation without S7-300 CPU), TIM can bear SINAUT communication used in one or more S7-400 PLC or control center PC (SINAUT ST7cc or ST7sc); The connection is through the TIM one of Ethernet port4 di / 10 doThis machine simulation the input/output pointCPU 224 xp has two AI / 1 ao.4.3 hardwa

36、re wiring diagram4.4 communication modeThe internal integrated PPI interface for users provide a powerful communication function. PPI interface for RS485, can be in three ways:1. The PPI ways: PPI communication protocol is designed for Siemens S7-200 series PLC development of communication protocol.

37、 Through the general pass two core shielded twisted-pair cable for networking. Baud rate is 9.6 kbit/s, 19.2 kbit/s and 187.5 kbit/s. The CPU integrated programming mouth at the same time is PPI communication network interface.2. MPI ways: through the built-in interface connected to the MPI network. Baud rate is 19.2 kbit/s, 187.5 kbit/s. S7-200