1、主謂一致 （*）主謂一致的概念。 所謂主謂一致是指“主語和謂語動詞”之間,即（主語的人稱和單復數形式）決定著（謂語動詞對應的形式）。（1） 主謂一致的種類一、【語法一致】1. <and連接>兩個或兩個以上單數名詞或者代詞作主語的時候,謂語動詞有以下兩種情況：(1) 如果指兩個或兩個以上不同的人或事物的時候,謂語動詞用復數。He and she _both students of this school. （2）如果連接兩個以上的名詞指的是同一個人或物, 或者指同一概念的時候, 謂語要用單數。The singer and dancer_ going to give us a perf

2、ormance. The knife and fork _on the table. 2. 如果主語是不定式, 動詞ing形式或主語從句的時候,謂語動詞一般用單數。 When he is coming seems very important. Collecting stamps is his hobby. To love her is not to break her wings. 愛她就不該折斷她自由飛翔的翅膀。.3. 定語從句的關系代詞who, which, that在從句中作主語時，要與<先行詞>的人稱和數保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may

3、join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you.如果句子中有這些連接詞（with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including）和主語連用,謂語動詞的數隨主語的變化而變化。The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 二、意義一致原則 指主謂一致取決于主語的其實際意義。（有的主語名詞在形式上是單數, 但在意義上卻是復

4、數；有的主語名詞在形式上是復數, 但在意義上卻是單數。）1中心詞為all, most, some, any, none作主語,謂語動詞視情況而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的蘋果都爛了。All of the apple _rotten. 整個蘋果都爛了。 None of the money_ left. 沒有剩下一點錢。None of the students _ there. 沒有學生在那里。2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名詞作主語的時候,

5、謂語動詞與of后面的名詞保持一致。Half of the students _finished their composition. 一半的學生已經完成了他們的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的蘋果壞了。About 60 percent of the students in our school _boys. 我們學校, 大約百分之六十的學生是男生.3. 集合名詞作主語, 動詞可用單數, 也可以用復數。主要由句子的意思決定。強調整體謂語動詞用單數；指全體人員時, 動詞則用復數。這一類常見的集合名詞有public, family, class, crowd, popul

6、ation, team, group。His family _going out. 他們全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他們全家人都是音樂愛好者。4. 某些名詞如people, police, cattle等,形式上是單數, 但意義上是復數, 謂語動詞應用復數。people指“民族”時是例外。 The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill.5. 復合不定代詞作主語, 謂語動詞要用單數，如someone ,somebody, something,

7、anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. Nothing is found in the room. 6. 一些有兩個部分構成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復數形式，例如：glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等加名詞”構成時

8、，謂語動詞一般用單數形式。 The pair of shoes is worn out. 這雙鞋破了。 The shoes are worn out. 鞋子破了。7. 某些名詞以s結尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，謂語動詞應用單數。Physics is a very interesting subject. 物理是一門很有趣的學科。 8. 不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞<即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時>，謂語動詞仍用單數形式。every. and every .; each . and each .;

9、no . and no . 在以上短語中and連接的單數名詞, 整個短語在句中作主語時, 謂語動詞常使用單數。Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema. Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. 班級中的每個男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice is heard. 聽不到任何聲音。9. 以a number of 作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數; 以the number of

10、 作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.10. 有些名詞的單數和復數形式一樣, 作主語的時候, 其謂語動詞由上下文決定, 這一類名詞有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 Not every means is useful. 不是每種方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。11.如果主語有more than one（很多 非

11、常）或many a(許多)構成，one and a half與單數名詞組成的短語。盡管從意義上看是復數內容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數形式：More than one student has read the book. Many a girl has been there. 但是，“more +復數名詞+than one”結構之后，謂語動詞一般多用復數形式。More members than one are against your plan. A pair of shoes was on the desk. Many a boy has seen it. 許多孩子都看到了。12. 書刊名、時間

12、、距離、價格、度量衡等的復數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞常用單數。 Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.三、就近原則either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中連接主語的時候或者在there be句型中,謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致。Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the stu

13、dents but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.注意事項1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (這種書) , 其謂語用單數; 短語this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口語) (這一類人), 但this kind of men 的謂語用單數, men of this kind 的謂語用復數, all kinds of 后跟復數名詞, 謂語用復數形式。This kind of men is dangerous.Men of t

14、his kind are dangerous.2. 在主謂倒裝的句子中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。例如: Between the two windows hangs a picture.3. “分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名詞”構成的短語作主語時,其謂語動詞要與短語中of 后面的名詞的數保持一致,這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞,而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語。例如:Lots of damage was caused

15、by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface is covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here are women.4. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數或不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。A large quantity of people is needed here.quantities of 修飾可數或不可數名詞,其短語作主語時,謂語動詞一般用復數。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.(短語

16、in quantity, in large quantities 意為 “大量”; in small quantities 意為“少量”。) a great deal of, a large amount of, 修飾不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數; large amounts of 修飾不可數名詞, 其短語作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數。例如:5. 表示數量的one and a half 后, 名詞要用復數形式, 但是其短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. 6.單復數同形的名詞作主語時

17、，依照意義一致的原則，表示單數意義時，謂語用單數；反之，謂語用復數形式。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, means(方法、手段),works(工廠),species(種類)7.在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.練習一1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Eith

18、er you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. isC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of Chin

19、a, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; wasC. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exp

20、loitedC. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. _ either of your

21、parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watchingC. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day

22、before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preservedC. were preservedD. have not been pr

23、eserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C. isD. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered19. The following

24、 _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wasD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am23. A teacher of Englis

25、h and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A.

26、 is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knowsC. is knownD. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has beenC. had beenD. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the

27、Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us hasB. Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoyB

28、. were enjoyingC. enjoysD. enjoy練習二1. The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. is B. are C. has been D. was2. The secretary and manager _very busy now.A. is B. are C. was D. were3. Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. was4. Tom as

29、well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A. was B. were C. have been D. had been5. Either you or I _going to the teachers' office after class.A. am B. is C. are D. will6. Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A. are B. were C. was D. have been7. This is one of the best novels that

30、_appeared this year.A.have been B. has C. had been D. have8. Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A.are  B. is  C. were  D. have9. About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A. are  B. is  C. were  D . was10. Mr Smith， together with his children， _arrived.A.are B.

31、has  C. is  D. have11. It _I who _leaving for London.A.isis  B. amis  C. isam  D. amam12. Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television.A. are  B. were  C. be  D. is13. When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decided  B. are n

32、ot decidedC. has not decided  D. have not decided14. Although the first part of the book is easy， the rest _.A. are difficult   B. has proved difficultC. is supposed difficultD. have been found difficult15. That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. is  B. was

33、  C. are  D. were16. Half of his goods _ stolen the other day.A. are  B. were  C. is  D. was17. Mathematics _the language of science.A. are  B. are going to be  C. is  D. is to be18. Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary.A. have  B. has 

34、; C. there is  D. there are19. They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A. have  B. has  C. there is  D. there are20. Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. stand B. stands C. standing D. are21. This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A.is  B. are  C. have been

35、  D. had been22. No one except my parents _anything about it.A. know  B. knowsC. is knowing  D. have known23. A number of students _from the south.A. are  B. is  C. have  D. has24. The number of students from the north _small.A.are  B. is  C. have  D. has

36、25. Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most，A.is B. are C. was D. were26. His "Selected Poems" _first published in 1965.A.were  B. was  C. has been  D. are27. Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Mary's mother's  B. Mary's motherC. Mother's of Mary

37、0;  D. Mary mother's28. A good deal of money _spent on books.A. have  B. hasC. have been   D. has been29. On the wall _ two large portraits.A. hangs  B. hang  C. hanged  D. hanging30. _turn green in spring.A. Leaf  B. Leafs  C. Leave  D. Leaves31

38、. Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble.A. an advice  B. advice  C. advices  D. the advices32. All but one _here just now.A. is  B. was  C. has been  D. were33. The number of people invited _fifty， but a number of them _absent for different reasons.A. w

39、ere; was  B. was; wasC. was; were  D. were; were34. The air in big cities _very dirty by factories.A. are often made  B. is often madeC. have often made  D. has often made35. Nobody _to smoke in the cinema.A. allows  B. allow  C. is allowed  D. are allowed36. The C

40、hinese people _hard-working and brave.A. are  B. is  C. has been D. are being37. _can be done _been done.A. All; have  B. All that; haveC. All; has  D. All that; has38. John has two brothers， but either _out of work now.A. are   B. is   C. has  D. have39.

41、 The police _the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching for  B. were searching forC. are searching for  D. were searching40. Apples of this kind _.A. tastes good  B. tastes well   C. taste good  D. taste well41. Your trousers _dirty，

42、you must have _washed.A. is; it  B. are; it  C. are; them  D. is; them42. Where _rubbish， there are flies.A. there are  B. there is  C. is  D. there has43. The Olympic Games _held every _years.A. is; four  B. are; four  C. is; five  D. are; five44. Many a

43、 man _ come to help us.A. have  B. has  C. is  D. are45. He is the only one of the students who _elected.A. are  B. have  C. has  D. is46. Three-fourths of the homework _today.A. has finished   B. has been finishedC. have finished   D. have been fini

44、shed47. Those who _ in _compositions， please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasn't handed; his  B. haven't handed; theirC.has handed; their  D. have handed; his48. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher.A. are praised  B. is praised  C. praise

45、d  D. praising49. The whole class _the teacher attentively.A. are listening to  B. is listening toC. are listening  D. is listening50. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower". A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand1.解析：選B. hundred一詞前面有具體數詞修飾時不加-s2. 解析：選D. 當either or 連接兩個