1、Lesson 37 The Westhaven Express 開往威斯特海溫的快車New words and expression 生詞和短語1. Express n.快車；a.高速的 （ad. 快遞地 send it vt 1、表達 2、(想法、情感) 流露; 呈現）Express way 高速公路 / Express train快車 Special express特快 / express coach長途汽車express service快車 express post快件 express mail快件express delivery快遞express company 快遞公司2.

2、 Punctual a. 準時的( = neither early nor late )Be punctual in doing sth在做。事方面相當準時-In the modern society, we must be punctual in what we are doing . Be punctual to the minute 非常的準時-He is a man who is punctual to the minute. 副詞：Punctually反義詞：Unpunctual名詞：Punctuality ,pktj'æltPromptly adv.準時地 prm

3、ptli 1、迅速地（quickly）；立即（immediately） 2、及時地；準時地- He was so sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.on time 準時in time 及時punctual（adj.嚴守時刻的, 準時的） pktul punctually  adv.守時地prompt 1、引起、促使、推動、導致 to make sb decide to do sth; to cause sth to

4、 happenprovoke 1、VN 激起；引起；引發 to cause a particular reaction or have a particular effect 2、 sb (into sth/into doing sth) 挑釁；激怒；刺激3. Condition vt.使習慣于(=Form a habit in)（習慣于 (以某種方式做事或思考) usu passive 使適應；以為條件）-Society has conditioned each one of us. 這個社會已經使我們大家都適應了。Be condition to sth-Each one of us has

5、 been conditioned to society.-the plants have been conditioned to the cold weather here. ( plant 做主語) -The cold weather has conditioned the plants here. (cold weather 做主語) 1) (專業或貶義)訓練，使有反應condition to do stheg. The animals are conditioned to expect food at the sound of the bell. 被訓練得習慣一聽到鈴聲就想吃食物。 e

6、g. People are conditioned by the society they live in. 人們都習慣于適應所生活的社會空間。2) to control or decide 決定，取決eg. The amount of money I spend is conditioned by the amount I earn. 我花多少錢要看我收入多少而定。adapt v.漸漸適應adapt to 適應eg. It is hard for a person who lives in northern countries to adopt to octopus.adapt for 改編

7、，改作（他用）eg. The original has been adapted for a soap opera. 原著被改編成了一部肥皂劇。eg. An old house was adapted for a garage. 一間舊房子被改成了車庫。adjust v. 調整，校準，以適應（to make small changes especially to its position to make it more effective）eg. My eyes havent adjusted to the dark yet. 介詞toeg. The desks and seats must

8、be adjusted to the height of any child. 桌椅必須調整以適應孩子們得高度。 settle in/settle into 適應，融入新環境（to become used to a new home, job, surroundings）eg. It took me 3 weeks to settle into life at college.n. 條件（情況，狀態，條件）on condition that在條件下如果on no condition在任何情況下都不 (用在句首句子必須采用倒裝)-On no condition must you be late.

9、 在任何情況下都不能遲到。 in good/bad condition情況良好(不好)in condition 健康狀況好（可以特指健康）out of condition 健康狀況不好（可以特指健康）4. unshakable a. 不可動搖的 （堅定不移的）adj. 不可動搖的；堅定不移的 unalterable , unpersuadableshakable 可動搖的；可震動的；可搖動的shake ( shaking, shook, shaken, shakes ) vt. 動搖；搖動；震動；握手 vi. 動搖；搖動；發抖 n. 搖動；哆嗦 milk shaketremble 顫抖，發抖，

10、指因寒冷、情緒變化、體弱多病而不由自主輕微地抖動。如：A poor old woman stood at the corner, trembling with age.shake 顫抖，顫動，指任何短促而急促的搖動，有時喻指對決心，信念的動搖。如：He was shaking with fear.(他嚇得發抖。) Nothing can shake our determination. shiver 戰栗，寒戰，指因寒冷，恐懼或體弱多病而引起的抖動。如：The old man stood shivering in the wind-swept street.(這位老人站在寒風凜冽的街上發抖。)

11、5. faith n.信任=strong belief/trust 深信不疑，信仰，信心 （n. 信仰；信念；信任；忠實）keep faith with sb 對某人守信用put ones faith in sth對有信心on the faith of 在保證下，憑信用faithful忠實的，忠誠的；如實的；準確可靠的faithless不忠實的；無信的；無宗教信仰的詞匯比較：faith 語氣較強，深信不疑，有時也能僅憑感覺產生的相信。信仰(比belief 程度更重一些)belief 可信賴，可接受，普通用詞，指單純從主觀上的相信，不著重這種相信是否有根據。 conviction堅定的信念，根據

12、長期交往或實踐，對某人某事有了認識和了解后產生的信心和相信，側重其堅定性。trust 相信，依賴（強調相信、信任的完全可靠。）credit 語氣最弱，著重以聲譽為信任的基礎。 -I have full credit in your ability to do this job. 6. cancel v.取消 （to stop sth. planned from happening）事先計劃好的事物 reschedulecancel an appointment -we have to cancel the appointment.cancel a meeting詞匯比較：Call off 取消

13、，解除 (可以替換cancel)Abolish 廢除（to officially end a law, system especially one that has existed for a long time） -The law was abolished. abolish racial segregation 廢除種族隔離Rescind r'snd vt撤銷，廢止，廢除 ,比abolish正式（非常正式的一個詞，文件，公約常用）Write off 注銷，勾銷 -Write off the name. 注銷這個名字。Cross out 劃掉 -The word here is us

14、eless, please cross it out.deprive sb of sth 剝奪，取消，喪失eg. The criminal was deprived of his political rights.eg. The kid was deprived of parents in a train accident.7. exceptionally adv. 例外地 （異常地；特殊地；例外地）詞根： exceptadj. exceptional 異常的，例外的conj. except 除了；要不是 except that 除了之外上節課學的：assuming 特殊的連詞 conj.假定

15、認為 assuming that considering that given that等prep.except 除之外8. dislocate 'dslket v. 打亂(計劃等) （本意是vt. 使脫臼（不能正常運轉發揮功能）；然后，使混亂，擾亂）1) to spoil a plan, system, service etc., so that it cannot work normallydislocate a plan 打亂計劃 dislocate a system dislocate service put a plan out of order 打亂一個計劃dislocat

16、e business 破壞生意 dislocate machinery 2)to put a bone out of place 使關節脫臼eg. He fell from his horse and dislocated his collar bone. 他從馬上跌下而使鎖骨脫臼了。9. blame v. 責怪 （vt. 責備；歸咎于 n. 責備；責任；過失）1、歸咎于Blame sb for sth 歸咎于（for后加結果for something bad）blame the army for the chaosBlame sth on sth 歸咎于（on后加原因blame someth

17、ing bad on sb/sth）blame the breakdown on the schedule2、責備，責怪 blame sb for sth/doing sth I do not blame them for trying to make some money.3、動詞詞組：該受責備 be to blame (for)（主動表被動）If their forces were not involved, then who is to blame?4、n. 責備，及引申出“嚴重或程度高時”的“(事故、過失等的) 責任” take the blame for 承擔責任I'm no

18、t going to take the blame for a mistake he made.10. consult v.請教，查閱1) to ask sb. for information or advice as a professional who is supposed to know about it請教，征求意consult his doctor找醫生診治 consult a dictionary 查字典 consult a map 查地圖2) to ask for someones permission or to discuss sth. with someone so th

19、at you can make a decision togetherconsult with 和商議 eg. Ill consult with my parents before I make a decision.11. direct adv.徑直地（without stopping or changing direction or without dealing with anyone else first）fly direct to Chicago 直飛芝加哥 contact the manager direct 直接與經理聯系eg. Its usually cheaper to bu

20、y the goods direct from the wholesaler.directly直率地，直截了當地speak directly ask directly answer directlyeg. She seems to have something on her mind, but wouldnt speak directly.這兩個副詞都有“直接地”之意。direct : 指去目的地/人不中斷，不停步、不繞道、直奔目的地/人。（直達目標物/人）The mayor goes direct to the people to listen to their complaints.（市長

21、親自深入群眾傾聽他們的怨言。）directly : 指抽象方式的“直接，正對，正面剛，直接干”以一種直接的方式。表時間時，指立刻，不拖延之意。 I'll be there directly.（我馬上到那兒。）另外：directly可以用作連詞，表示“一就”，只用directly，不用direct。如：Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一進門就聞到煙味。high adv. fly high （物理）highly adv. speak highly of sb 對某人評價特別的高 （抽象）deep adv. dig deep int

22、o the earthdeeply adv. move sb deeply 深深地震撼或打動了某人12. odd a.奇怪的，異常的odd  adj.1、古怪的（因為少見而奇怪）（不正常的或超乎預料的，通常讓人無法贊同或理解） 2、奇數的；單數的 （反義詞even）strange  adj.陌生的, 奇怪的（因為陌生而奇怪）（指不同尋常或令人驚訝的）queer  adj.奇特的（因為不同于其它的而奇怪，程度非常之高） - Look, he is wearing a queer hat. 2、娘兒們似的；妖里妖氣的

23、（n.同性戀男）Fantastic adj.奇妙的weird 1、奇異的；不尋常的；怪誕的 a weird dream2、離奇的；詭異的（神秘或可怕） make weird inhuman soundsEccentric ksentrk adj. 怪癖的（- He is an eccentric person.）13 reflect v 細想 (深思熟慮=consider carefully)深思vi Reflect on sth -Hes reflecting on his idea. We should all give ourselves time

24、 to reflect.Reflect upon oneself反省 -Sometimes we need reflect upon ourselves.第二種意思：反射，注意“映出倒影”-She looks at herself reflected in the water/in the mirror （常水，鏡子）第三種意思：由反射出，引申出“V-T反映出; 表現出; 顯示出”（比如觀點等）A newspaper report seems to reflect the view of most members of Congress. 國會多數議員的觀點Deliberate 故意的，有意的

25、作為動詞V-T/V-I有“仔細思考和商議”的意思，及引申出第二個形容詞意“深思熟慮的，從容鎮定的”14. Advantage n.優勢,長處Take advantage of sb 欺騙，作弄，占某人的便宜（不一定是性別方面的）（欺騙某人并利用）Take advantage of sth利用-We must take advantage of what we can use.Of great/no advantage to sb/sth 對。大有益處/毫無益處 -Smoking is of no advantage to you.To ones advantage =to the advant

26、age of sb對某人有利turn sth to advantage 使發揮作用，充分利用（把什么變成優勢，長處）eg. In seeking a good job, we should turn English to advantage.Have advantage over sb/sth（優于，勝過，比優秀）勝過某人，比某人有優勢In terms of working experience, I have an advantage over him.give an advantage over （使某人）在方面比較有利eg. His university education gave h

27、im an advantage over those who had never been to college.詞匯比較：Interest 個人的利益，好處-Its to your interest to give up smokingBenefit通過正當手段謀求的好處-Doing exercises will benefit us a lot.Profit金錢上的獲利Good個人或集體的利益15. mighty a. 強大的，有力的（very strong and powerful）書面用語the Mighty King Kang Xi 康熙大帝mighty nation強大的民族sup

28、er power超級大國high and mighty自高自大eg. People invariably hold those who are high and mighty in despise.hold sth in despise 蔑視2、adv. 很；極；非常 （美國英語，非正式）eg. Im mighty fine and dandy.3、n. 有勢力的人（用的非常少）16. dawdle 'dd()lv. 慢吞吞地動或做或前進（磨蹭）（另有vt&vi. “混日子，游手好閑”的意思）Eg: Eleanor will be back any moment, if she

29、 doesn't dawdle17. chug tg v.咔嚓咔嚓的響（動畫片里面的老式汽車）Vi （發動機緩慢運轉時）(車輛) 發著嘎嚓聲吃力地行駛Vt 一口氣喝完 美國英語 非正式eg. The boat chugged out of the harbor at dawn. creak krik v. 吱扭吱扭，咯吱咯吱（門、木地板等）嘎吱作響）eg. The door creaked open and a boy slipped in.chuckle 'tk()l v.咯咯笑 cluck klk v./n. the sound made by a hen（母雞）咯咯叫；（

30、表示遺憾或不贊成）發咯咯聲；用舌頭發出咯咯聲的噪音；大驚小怪）18. Lodge ld v.提出 =make a statement officially，to make a formal or official complaint, protest比make 更正式Make/lodge complaint提出抱怨lodge a complaint 提出投訴 lodge a protest 提出抗議 lodge an appeal提出上訴lodge against sb/sth with sb 就向提出eg. Some parents lodged a complaint with the h

31、eadmaster against one of the teachers.向校長提出投訴。eg. The criminal lodged an appeal against the sentence. 罪犯不服判決而提出上訴。charge v.charge sb with sth 指控犯有罪eg. He was charged with forgery and theft. 他被指控犯有偽造和偷竊罪。charge sb + money for sth 對收費 eg. I was charged $20 for a hairdo!accuse sb of sth 指責別人犯有錯或罪eg. Th

32、ey accused the police of brutality.他們指責警察亂施暴行。eg. Dimitri immediately went to Alkos house and angrily accused him of stealing the plain of sth to sb 抱怨指責別人作了什么eg. She complained to me of her husbands indifference. 她向我抱怨她的丈夫的冷漠。indict n'dat v.起訴，控訴，以罪被起訴indict sb for sth 以罪名起訴某人eg. He was

33、 indicted for fraud. 他被起訴犯有詐騙罪。sue v.控訴，起訴，提出索賠eg. He sued the other driver in the crash for $3000 damages. 他向車禍中的肇事司機提出3000英鎊的賠款。lodge n.鄉下的茅屋和茅舍hut ht n.小屋 a wooden hut 小木屋cabin n. 森林或山中的小木屋shed n. 小木屋shanty 'ænt n. 簡陋房屋（(窮人居住的)簡陋的小屋; 棚屋） shanty town 貧民窟shack æk n. 簡陋房屋（簡易的棚屋）shanty

34、and shack project 平房改造工程19. complaint n.抱怨 （怨言; 投訴）Complain V-T/V-I 向某人抱怨 complain to sb about sth/doing sth complain to sb of sth/ doing sth但是complain of還有“抗議”和“訴說病痛”的意思，complain about沒有。complain of pain or illness 訴說 (病痛) eg: He complained of a headache.20. triumph 'tramf n.勝利（an important vic

35、tory or success especially after a different struggle）vi. 獲得勝利，成功 All her life, Kelly had stuck with difficult tasks and challenges, and triumpheda triumph of design 偉大的設計a brave mans triumph over adversity 一位勇敢戰勝不幸的偉大勝利conquest 指獲取勝利或征服，把敗者置于控制之下。victory 普通用詞，主要指在戰爭、斗爭或競賽中獲得的勝利，側重艱辛與成功。sweep to vic

36、tory 所向披靡triumph 著重勝利或成功的輝煌與徹底。success:（sth as a good result or effect, the gaining of what is aimed at）取得了好的結果，或達成了預想目標make a success of sth 把一件事情做成功21. asterisk 'æstrsk n.星號 （n. 星號；星號鍵 vt. 注上星號；用星號標出）astro- 星，太空(相關)astronaut 宇航員 astronomer 天文學家 'strnm /star gazer (比較詼諧一點的說法) gaze 注視、凝

37、視22. conduct v. 引向，引導 動詞讀作kndkt。名詞讀作kndkt。1、組織并實施 When you conduct an activity or task, you organize it and do it 2、指揮 (交響樂、合唱等)3、VN + adv./prep. 帶領；引導；為（某人）導游； conduct sb to=led sb to4、傳導 (熱、電) Water conducts heat faster than air.5、VN + adv./prep. conduct oneself(formal) 舉止；表現to behave in a particu

38、lar way（賓固為反身代詞）He conducted himself far better than expected名詞：1、進行實施 The conduct of a task or activity is the way in which it is organized and carried out. 2、（人在某地或某種情況下的）行為，舉止execute, conduct, do, perform, fulfil這組詞都有“做，執行，實施，完成”的意思，其區別是：execute 指需專門技術熟練技巧去完成某種復雜的任務或表演等，也指用行動把計劃或打算付諸實施或執行某項命令。（處決

39、）conduct 和perform一樣比較正式，二者意義相近，但conduct含指導、領導或監督等意味。do 最普通常用詞，指完成某項具體工作、任務，也指完成某種行為或動作。perform 指完成困難較大、較復雜的任務。較正式用詞。fulfil 指履行和實現所許諾的、所期望或要求的事情，含最終完成的意味。Text 課文We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.這是文章中的第一句話，大家一定要牢記它，并掌握這個句子的主干：have learnt to expect that 已經習慣于期待-We have learnt to ex

40、pect that all friends will be helpful in need of danger. After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway timetables.全句譯文：經過多年的適應，大多數人對火車時刻表產生了一種不可動搖的信念。(1). 介詞of 后接動名詞形式，意為：經過多年的適應.(2). Develop an unshakable faith in sth.對于形成了一種不可動搖的信念。develop an unshakable fait

41、h in 對產生不可動搖的信心put ones faith in 相信，信任 /have ones faith ineg. My parents put good faith in me, and on no condition can I let them down.lose faith in/destroy faith in/take away faith in 對不再信任，失去信任eg. The public has quite lost faith in the government after it failed to keep its promise of tax reductio

42、n.develop 發展，成長，培養，產生，得病eg. James has developed into a charming young man.eg. Exercises will develop your muscles.develop interest in sth 對慢慢培養出了興趣develop a cold 患了感冒 develop a cough得了咳嗽 develop cancer 得了癌癥timetable 時刻表table: a list of numbers arranged in rows across 表格普通用詞，一般指易于迅速查閱使用，具有特定編排方法的目錄或表

43、格。periodic table 元素周期表 ,pr'dk adj. 周期的；定期的chart n. 圖表 （指把資料制成表格等形式供人看的圖表）bar chart條形圖 weather chart 天氣圖 sales chart 銷售曲線圖 flow chart流量圖graph n關系圖，相關曲線圖（line to show how two or more sets of measurements are related to each other）diagram n.（a drawing picture that shows where sth is , what sth look

44、s like or how sth works）多指科技書籍或文獻中具有概括解說作用的圖表、圖樣或略圖diagram of the human body 人體解剖圖 a circuit diagram. 電路圖form 指上面印有橫線或格讓人填寫規定內容的表格。 填寫資料的表格-We have learnt to expect that parents are quite able, after years of pre-conditioning all of us have developed such unshakable faith.我們已經習慣于期待父母總是能干的，經過多年的適應，我們

45、每個人都已經養成了這樣一個不可動搖的信念。-Most of us have developed an unshakable faith in our teachers.Ships may be delayed by storms; air flights may be cancelled because of bad weather; but trains must be on time. delay 延期 1、推遲（主動）(you do not do it immediately or at the planned or expected time, but you leave it unt

46、il later) delay sth/doing sth They had delayed having children2、vt 延誤; 耽擱 (make them late or to slow them down) delay sth/sb Can you delay him in some way?3、vi 拖延(you deliberately take longer than necessary) If he delayed any longer, the sun would be up.hold up 耽擱 （舉起，支撐，(在逆境中) 保持良好狀況）block up在狹長的部位

47、或空間不暢通了（to prevent other things from moving through a narrow space）eg. My nose is blocked up with this cold. 我的鼻子因感冒而不透氣了。impede m'pid v. 妨礙，阻礙（to prevent sth from happening in the normal away, or make it happen more slowly）eg. Storms at sea impeded our journey. 海上風暴阻礙了我們的行程。 ships may,flights m

48、ay，but trains must 排比句eg. Tramps may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally, he may even, in times of real need, do a little work, but he will never sacrifice his freedom.On time = punctual a. 準時的Only an exceptionally heavy snowfall might temporarily dislocate railway services.譯文：只有那種特別大的暴風雪才有可能暫時打亂鐵路計劃。E

49、xceptionally = unusual / uncommonly 不同尋常的，特別的(用于加強語氣)Dislocate railway services = put railway services out of order It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.It is all too easy to do不由得，輕易地做某事（但不應該）(sth is easy to do or happen, often when it should not)Too . to

50、 結構中，在too之前出現了all, only, but, not等詞時，to 后的從句就有肯定意義。-He is but too eager to get home. 他太急于要回家了。-One is never too old to learn.活到老學到老。-Im all/but too glad to have someone to speak to.It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities. 我們總是去責備鐵路當局。When something does go wrong.當事情出現差錯時，Dose 強調句。注意這里的語氣

51、，也就是說。即便是確實出現了差錯，我們也不應該不假思索的責備鐵路部門。The truth is that when mistakes occur, they are more likely to be ours than theirs. 譯文：很可能是我們自己犯下的錯誤而不是鐵路當局的。Ours = our mistakes. Theirs = their mistakes.句型：be likely to do 有可能-He is likely to arrive tomorrow evening. -You are likely to get success if you work hard

52、.與likely(有可能的) 有關的句型：1. be likely to do 2. It is likely that-It is likely that he arrives here in time. 他及到達這里是有可能的。詞匯比較：1、上節課講到了：probable 主語不能是人 possible 主語不能是人 likely 主語可用人2、 probable 與likely 意思相通，但是不能與不定式形式搭配?？梢杂茫篒t is probable that -It is probable that he arrives here in time. probable 表示的可能性比po

53、ssible 表示的可能性要大，與likely基本相同。Possible一般用于客觀上有發生的可能性，但暗示這種情況的可能性較?。凑f話者對事件發生的可能性不抱有太大希望）。 It is not possible to finish the task tomorrow.Probable表示事物的可能性有充分的依據或者理由，讓人有理由相信。It is probable that he has forgotten the date.3、possible 表示可能發生或可能不發生，也可以用句型：It is possible that -It is possible/probable that he

54、will speak to you. -It is possible for us to finish the work in an hour.After consulting my railway timetable, I noted with satisfaction that there was an express train to Westhaven.After consulting 是介詞+動名詞構成的時間狀語，=after I had consulted my timetable.With加某種感情狀態形容詞，做狀語，表示帶有某種感情狀態I noted with satisfac

55、tion that=I was satisfied to note that=To my satisfaction, there wasIt went direct from my local station and the journey lasted a mere hour and seventeen minutes. When I boarded the train, I could not help noticing that a great many local people got on as well.Go direct from to 從哪兒徑直到哪兒。-The train g

56、oes direct from shanghai to Beijing.I could not help noticing that a great many local peoplecannot help doing sth 禁不住eg. I could not help watching TV after having dinner.Cant/couldnt help but do sth 不能不，忍不住eg. The eccentric is so lovable that you cant help but respect him.Cant help sb doing sth 奈何不了某人做某事eg. The parents cant help their son having a host of friends. 注意非靈主語eg. She sat there silent, staring into the distance and just cant