1、知識感悟一、詞匯詳解e to life 活過來；變活潑【典型例句】 You are very cool with your brother,but with your friends you really come to life.你對你弟弟冷冰冰的，但跟朋友在一起倒很活躍。The statue comes to life,and the king falls in love with the woman he has created and marries her.雕像復(fù)活了，國王愛上了他創(chuàng)造的這個女人并與她結(jié)了婚。【相關(guān)鏈接】 bring sb./sth. to life 給某人/某事物以

2、活力2.make.out of.把做成；把造就成；把改制成【典型例句】 Higgins,as a kind of experiment,tries to make a lady out of an uneducated girl called Eliza Doolittle,who sells flowers in the street.作為一種實驗，希金斯想把一個未受過教育的、在街頭賣花的姑娘伊萊扎·杜利特爾培養(yǎng)成一個淑女。【相關(guān)鏈接】 be made of “由做成”，通常能看出原材料be made from “由做成”，通常看不出原材料be made up of “由組成”，指

3、由部分構(gòu)成整體be made in 在制造be made into 被制造成make up for彌補3.treat.as.把當(dāng)作【典型例句】 He treated the orphan as his own son.他對待這個孤兒像是自己的親兒子一樣。I decided to treat his remark as a joke.我決定把他的話當(dāng)作戲言。【相關(guān)鏈接】 regard.as.,consider.as.,look on.as.,take.as.,consider.to be.,think of.as.,recognize.as.等短語都可以表示“把看作，把當(dāng)作”。4.be read

4、y to.愿意【典型例句】 She is always ready to help others.她總是樂于助人。He was ready to believe her.他愿意相信她。【相關(guān)鏈接】 be ready to do sth.還可以用來表示“馬上要，很可能即將做某事”。表示動作時也可以用get ready to。be ready for可以表示“準(zhǔn)備好；準(zhǔn)備完畢；急需；需盡快得到”。be ready with “準(zhǔn)備好所說的話”。一般后面接excuse,answer,replay,explanation,suggestion等名詞作賓語。5.pass sb./sth. off as

5、sth. 假扮；冒充【典型例句】 She passed herself off as an experienced actress.她冒充成有經(jīng)驗的女演員。He escaped by passing himself off as a guard.他偽裝成看守人而得以逃脫。【相關(guān)鏈接】 pass構(gòu)成的固定短語較多，常見的列舉如下：pass away 亡故pass by 通過，經(jīng)過pass down世代相傳；流傳pass for/as 被認(rèn)為是;當(dāng)作pass off (以某方式)發(fā)生并完成pass sth.on 轉(zhuǎn)交;傳給pass through 經(jīng)過；路過pass over 越過6.rather

6、 than 而不是；而非【典型例句】 Id call her hair chestnut rather than brown.我寧愿說她的頭發(fā)是栗色，而不是棕色。Id prefer to go in summer rather than in winter.我寧愿夏天去，不愿冬天去。We ought to invest in new machinery rather than in buildings.我們該在新機器上而不是建筑上投資。I always prefer getting up early,rather than going to school without breakfast我總

7、是愿意早起床，而不愿不吃早飯去上學(xué)。I decided to write rather than(to)telephone.我決定寫信而不是打電話。Rather than cause trouble,he left.他不愿惹麻煩，寧可離去。Rather than regretting for the failure,why not try again?與其為失敗而后悔,為什么不再試一次呢?It is snowing rather than raining outside.外面在下雪,不是在下雨。【知識小結(jié)】 rather than表示“而不是,與其不如”。可作為一個連詞詞組,用來連接兩個并列成

8、分,表示在兩者中進(jìn)行選擇,后面可以接名詞、名詞短語、代詞、形容詞、副詞、動詞、不定式、動名詞等。注意觀察以上例句，總結(jié)出規(guī)律。【相關(guān)鏈接】 would rather.than.意思是“寧愿；更喜歡”。Shed rather die than give a speech.她寧愿死也不愿意演講。7.become of (某人或某事)怎么樣了/將會怎樣【典型例句】 I dont know what becomes of the boy if he keeps failing his examinations.如果那個男生考試一直不及格下去的話，我不知道他的遭遇會是怎么樣。What becomes o

9、f my blue bag?I cant find it anywhere.我的藍(lán)色的書包哪里去了？我到處都找不到它。【知識小結(jié)】 該短語所用的句型結(jié)構(gòu)歸納如下：What became/has become/will become of sb./sth.?【相關(guān)鏈接】 become 的其他用法：vt.合適或適合于It would not become me.to interfere with parties.我不適合介入黨派。vt.相稱：表現(xiàn)長處；使好看The new suit becomes you.這套新衣適合你。plain of 訴說；抱怨【典型例句】 Mary is always co

10、mplaining of something.瑪麗老是抱怨這抱怨那。She left early,complaining of a headache.她說自己頭痛，很早就離開了。【相關(guān)鏈接】 complaint 常用于complaint about/against sb./sth.抱怨；埋怨；投訴；控告The most common complaint is about poor service.最常見的投訴與糟糕的服務(wù)有關(guān)。Id like to make a complaint about the noise.我要就噪音問題提出投訴。9.superior adj.更大的；更強的【典型例句】

11、A major is superior to a captain.少校(地位)高于上尉。He is smaller than you,but he is superior to you.他個子比你小，但他比你強。He always looks so superior.他總是顯得那么有優(yōu)越感。【知識小結(jié)】 be superior to sb./sth.(在品質(zhì)上)更好的；占優(yōu)勢【相關(guān)鏈接】 the superior of意思是“勝過的人”。以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞，后接介詞to表示比較，如：superior,inferior,prior,senior,junior等。10.sincere adj.

12、誠懇的；誠摯的；衷心的【典型例句】 Her sadness seemed sincere.她的難過似乎是真心真意的。Please accept our sincere thanks.請接受我們誠摯的謝意。【相關(guān)鏈接】 sincerely adv.真誠地，誠懇地I sincerely hope your sister will be well again soon.我真誠地希望你姐姐很快康復(fù)。I sincerely believe that this is the right decision.我真心實意地相信這個決定是正確的。隨堂演練翻譯句子(1)太陽一升起，農(nóng)場就又活了。Sunriseand

13、 the farm_ _ _again.(2)我們邀請?zhí)氐掳桑兴骄蜁狒[了。Lets invite Tedhe knows how to _ a party _ .答案： (1)comes to life(2)bring;to life完成句子（1）Paper_ _ _wood.（2）The table_ _ _ wood.（3）She _ the dress _ _ some old curtains.（4）The TV set_ _ _China.（5）Do you think her beauty could_ _ _ her stupidity?（6）This medical te

14、am _ _ _ _ten doctors.答案：(1)is made from(2)is made of(3)made;out of(4)is made in(5)make up for(6)is made up of英譯漢（1）He regards himself as a patriot._（2）This reward is considered(to be)a great honor._（3）He considers himself(to be)an expert on the subject._（4）She is looked on as the leading authority

15、on the subject._答案：(1)他自認(rèn)為是個愛國者。(2)這項獎被視為極大的榮譽。(3)他認(rèn)為自己是該學(xué)科的專家。(4)她被視為該學(xué)科的主要權(quán)威。漢譯英（1）我正在讓孩子準(zhǔn)備好去上學(xué)。_（2）我已經(jīng)二十歲了，作好了一切準(zhǔn)備。_（3）他總是樂于提出建議。_（4）他可能隨時都會倒下。_（5）長途步行后，我們大家急需喝水。_答案：(1)Im just getting the kids ready for school.(2)I was twenty years old and ready for anything.(3)Hes always ready with advice.(4)He

16、 was ready to fall down at any minute.(5)After the long walk,we were all ready for water.完成句子（1）Dont pass yourself _ (冒充) a knowledgeable person.（2）The great musician passed _ (去世) last week.（3）The sadness not passing _ (結(jié)束),she got down to her work.（4）Pass_ (越過)the hill,youll find a thick forest.（5

17、）Pass the book _ (傳給)to me when youve finished with it.（6）The procession passed right _ (經(jīng)過)my front door.答案： (1)off as(2)away(3)off(4)over(5)on(6)by單項填空(1)It was what he meant _what he said.A.other thanB.rather thanC.or ratherD.more than 解析：rather than表示“而不是”。答案:B(2)I think Ill have a cold drink _

18、a cup of coffee.A.more thanB.ratherC.rather thanD.or rather 答案：C(3)Shall I open the window to let some fresh air in?No, _.A.Id rather notB.Id rather you notC.Id rather you didntD.Id like not to解析：would rather后的句子常用虛擬語氣。若表示現(xiàn)在的愿望，則句子用一般過去時態(tài)。答案:C翻譯句子(4)He would rather live in the country than in the ci

19、ty._(5)He said he would be poor rather than get money in such a dishonest way._答案: (4)他寧愿住在鄉(xiāng)下，不愿住在市里。(5)他說他寧愿窮也不愿用這種不誠實的方式獲得錢財。漢譯英（1）以前和你住在一起的那個學(xué)生怎么樣了？_（2）這種舉止與她不相稱。_（3）短發(fā)的確使你顯得很帥。_（4）他越來越難以靠他的工資維持生計了。_（5）他們想知道他到底怎么了？_（6）我不知道我失業(yè)后會怎么樣。_答案：(1)What became of the student who used to live with you?(2)Suc

20、h behavior did not become her.(3)Short hair really becomes you.(4)It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.(5)They wondered what had become of him.(6)I dont know what will become of me when I am out of work.完成句子（1）Im going to _ to the manager about this.（2）She never _,but shes o

21、bviously exhausted.（3）I believe you have a_against one of our nurses.（4）She left early, _ a headache.（5）I think you have a _against one of the nurses.答案：(1)complain(2)complains(3)complaint (4)complaining of(5)complaint單句改錯(1)This model is technically superior than its competitors._(2)This watch is m

22、ore superior to that one._(3)Many people consider Tom the superior to John._(4)The potato crop of 1996 was superior to 1976._(5)Modern music is often considered inferior to it of the past._答案：(1)than改為to (2)去掉more(3)to改為of(4)to后加that of(5)it改為that單項填空(1)He wrote“_” at the end of the letter.A.sincere

23、 youB.sincerely yourC.sincerely yours D.sincerely yours解析：考查信的結(jié)束語。答案:D(2)A friend indeed should be _.A.reasonableB.insensitiveC.loftyD.sincere解析：sincere表示“真誠的”。答案:D二、句型剖析1.It is+adj.+for sb.to do sth.是一個常用句式，意思是“對某人來說干某事是的”。【典型例句】 It is necessary for us to grasp a foreign language.對我們來說，掌握一門外語是有必要的。

24、【相關(guān)鏈接】 It is+adj.+of sb.to do sth.意思是“干什么事體現(xiàn)出某人什么特點”。在該句型中，形容詞主要指描述人的性格品質(zhì)的形容詞。It is very kind of you to help me.你幫我忙真是太好了。2.What does it matter.?有什么關(guān)系？【典型例句】 What does it matter when they start?他們什么時候動身這有什么關(guān)系？What does it matter how they solved the problem?他們怎么解決的問題，這要緊嗎？【相關(guān)鏈接】 It doesnt matter.不要緊W

25、hats the matter with.?(詢問情況)怎么了?as a matter of fact 事實上，實際上三、語法詳解冠詞的用法1.不用冠詞的情況(1)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。China,America,SmithAir is matter.(2)可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時，不加冠詞。This dictionary is mine.(3)季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日(特別是含有day的節(jié)日名詞前)、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。March,May Day,National Day,Childrens Day,Womens

26、 Day Have you had supper?Spring is the best season of the year.(4)稱呼語或指家用雇用的nurse,cook等名詞前一般不加冠詞。Whats this,father?Ask nurse to put the child to bed，Professor Li.表示只有一人擔(dān)任的頭銜或職務(wù)的名詞作表語、補語及同位語或介詞賓語時，以及表示頭銜職位的名詞與姓氏連用，一般不加冠詞。We made him our chairman.Cook was captain of the ship “Endeavor”.(5)學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱

27、前不加冠詞。Do you study physics?He likes playing football/chess.(6)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時其前不用冠詞。They are peasants/workers.(7)在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。by car,by bus,by bike,by train,by air/water/land但：take a bus,come in a boat,on the train/bus需注意。(8)某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。名詞詞組中： husband and wife,brother and sister,body and soul,

28、day and night,knife and fork介詞詞組中：to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university(college),to(in,into,from)church,to(in,into,out of)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,out of)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,at night(noon,midnight),by car(bus,bicycle,plane),on foot注意：在有些詞組中，有無冠詞含義不同。in

29、 hospital 住院(因病)in the hospital在醫(yī)院(工作、參觀等) in front of“在前面”，指某物體之外in the front of “在前部”，指某物之內(nèi)in charge負(fù)責(zé)，主管in the charge由負(fù)責(zé)out of question沒問題out of the question不可能(9)as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞提前時不帶冠詞。Child as she is,she knows a lot of French. (10)系動詞turn,go(作“變成”講)后作表語的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。The young girl has turn

30、ed writer.=The young girl has become a writer.(11)在單數(shù)名詞+after+同一單數(shù)名詞(表示“一個接一個”)結(jié)構(gòu)中，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。She did experiment after experiment.類似的還有shop after shop,mistake after mistake(12)形容詞的最高級前、序數(shù)詞前也有不用定冠詞的情況。“most+形容詞原級”most作“十分、非常、極”講時，前面不用定冠詞。如：Oh,its most beautiful.He is most kind to me.當(dāng)兩個形容詞最高級并列修飾同一個

31、名詞時，第二個形容詞前通常不用定冠詞。She is the tallest and fattest girl in our school.當(dāng)形容詞最高級作表語，不表示與其他人或物相比時，其前不用定冠詞。The market in the country is busiest in winter.形容詞最高級前有名詞所有格或物主代詞時，不能用定冠詞。A wolf in a sheeps skin is our most dangerous enemy.序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第”，但在second，third等詞前加不定冠詞表示“又一，再一”。.why you took a second a

32、rrow.注意：下句中a first表示“第一名、冠軍”。如：He is a top student in our class,he often gets a first in maths.(13)no與such連用時應(yīng)放在such之前，such后面的名詞不用冠詞。No such thing has ever happened in this village.(14)never，ever置于作主語的名詞前，這些名詞前不用冠詞。Never did student study so hard.這個學(xué)生從未學(xué)得這么認(rèn)真。(15)有時為了節(jié)省空間、時間、金錢和精力，或為了引起注意力，省去a(n)或th

33、e,這主要用于新聞標(biāo)題、工商業(yè)文件、廣告、電報、公告、提綱、書名等。Conference opens.會議召開了。(16)in+書寫工具/顏料時 in pen/pencil/ink/red2.定冠詞的使用情況(1)使用定冠詞的一般情況。特指或第二次提到。Last weekend,I met a girl at the party given by my friend.And the girl happens to be one of my former schoolmates.序數(shù)詞前、最高級前、獨一無二的東西前。用于表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前,表示泛指或某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。The c

34、ompass was invented in China. The tiger is in danger of dying out.the Peoples Republic of China說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。Where to go,Jack?To the library.用于表示方位的名詞前面。Japan lies to the east of China.用于某些詞組中。in the morning,on the whole,the same as,out of the question(不可能的)，on the other hand(2)定冠詞使用特殊的場合。He hit h

35、im in the face.beat sb.on the nose,take sb.by the arm,pat sb.on the headthe rich,the poor,the wounded 富人，窮人，傷員the elder of the two,the more beautiful of the two兩者中較年長的一位，較漂亮的一個The sooner,the better.越快越好。He got paid by the hour.他是按小時領(lǐng)工錢的。表示計量單位的名詞前加the,如：by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year/the m

36、eter. 但：by weight按重量in the 50s/in the 1870s(表示年代)the Smiths/the Whites(表示一家人或夫婦倆)in the water/field/light/shade/distance/middle/country/raintell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home當(dāng)抽象名詞表示某一特定內(nèi)容，特別是當(dāng)它有一限定性修飾語時，它與定冠詞連用：She is fond of music.He is playing the music written by Beethoven.Good advi

37、ce is beyond price.Im sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠詞常用的幾種情況(1)表示“一”相當(dāng)于“one”。Ill return in a day or two.(2)表示“每”相當(dāng)于“per”。We have three meals a day.(3)表示“同一性”相當(dāng)于“the same”。The children are of an age.(4)表示類指，表示“某類”。He wants to be a doctor.(5)表示泛指人或事，相當(dāng)于“any”。A horse is a useful anima

38、l.(6)表示某一個，相當(dāng)于“a certain”。A Mr.Smith is asking to see you.(7)與抽象名詞連用，可以表示“一場、一次、一件”，如：a pleasure一件樂事，a surprise一件令人驚訝的事，a joy一件高興的事，a pity一件遺憾的事，an honour一個(件)引以為榮的人(事)。其他： a cold,a light,a failure,a success,a must,a wonder,a danger(8)與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示“一種，一陣，一份”。What a heavy rain!What a good supper!Please

39、give me a black coffee!（9）用于某些詞組中：have a rest,have a look,have a good time,take a shower,take a break,take a bath,get a cold,get a fever,develop into a habit,make a living,make a difference between,in a moment,in a sense,in a way,once in a while,as a result,as a whole等。4.冠詞表類別的常見方式(1)定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示一個

40、，代表一類。The computer was invented in 1945.The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.The horse is a useful animal.(2)不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示任意一個，某一個。A pen is a tool for writing.A square has four sides.A horse is a useful animal.注意：man,woman表示泛指時，不用冠詞，且常用單數(shù)。如：Man is fighting a battle against pollution.Man tries to b

41、e the protector of woman.(3)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，指類別(考慮到同類中的各個情況)。Horses are useful animals.Rice is a kind of food.5.冠詞位置問題(1)不定冠詞+副詞+形容詞+名詞。This is a very interesting story.(2)such，what，half，all，both+冠詞+形容詞+名詞。Ive never seen such a film! He drank all the beer in the house.Half a pound of pork,please!What a g

42、ood idea it is!(3)as，so，too，how，however，enough+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞。It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.I cant finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance.We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out.However low the price you paid,you waste your money.He is brave enough

43、a hunter to kill the bear.(4)定冠詞位置。half，twice，three times+the+名詞He paid twice the price for it.Their house is three times the size of yours.all，both，double+the+名詞Both the blind men were mistaken.All the students in our class are eager to know the secret.I offered him double the amount,but he still r

44、efused.選詞填空(of/for)(1)It is important _you to inform me of that earlier.(2)It is possible _ him to solve the problem.(3)It is very nice _you to lend me the money.答案：(1)for(2)for(3)of漢譯英(1)你做什么對我無所謂。_(2)你今天怎么了？_(3)怎么了，出了什么事嗎？_(4)事實上，他并不是一個誠實的人。_答案：(1)It doesnt matter to me what you do.(2)Whats the ma

45、tter with you today?(3)Whats the matter?Is there something wrong?(4)As a matter of fact,he is not an honest man.單項填空（1）The warmth of_ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/解析：wool為物質(zhì)名詞，前面常不用冠詞；第一個空處表示特指。答案:B（2）Most animals have little connection wi

46、th_ animals of_different kind unless they kill them for food.A.the;aB./;aC.the;theD./;the解析：名詞復(fù)數(shù)前表示泛指不用冠詞；a kind表示“一種”。答案:B（3）Paper money was in_ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _thir-teenth centuryA.the;/B.the;theC./;theD./;/解析：in use為固定短語，表示“使用”；序數(shù)詞前用定冠詞。答案:C（4）The party last n

47、ight turned out to be _ success.We all sang and danced until it came to _ end at twelve.A.a;anB.a;theC.the;anD./;an解析：success前加a，是抽象名詞的具體化，表示“一件成功的事或一個成功的人”。come to an end為固定短語，意思是“結(jié)束”。答案:A（5）When he left_ college,he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office.A./;aB./;the C.a;theD.the;the 解析：leave college意思是“大學(xué)畢業(yè)”，不用冠詞；a reporter一名記者。答案:A（6）George W.Bush, _ President of the United States,is to visit China _t