1、精選優質文檔-傾情為你奉上必修3 語法Unit 1& Unit 2 Modal verbs情態動詞(講解詳見P9194)1. 情態動詞的語法特征:1) 情態動詞不能單獨做謂語, 除ought和have外, 后面只能接不帶to的不定式。 2) 情態動詞沒有人稱, 數的變化, 但有些情態動詞, 如can, will也有一般式和過去式的變化。3）只作情態動詞的: can / could, may / might, ought to, must可情態可實義的: need, dare 可情態可助動詞的: shall / should, will /would相當于情態動詞的: have to, used

2、 to2. 情態動詞：can & could, may & might, will & would, shall & should, must/ can, ought to & ought not to, have to & dont have to, mustnt & neednt等注意事項：1. can 和 could 接動詞的完成形式，表示可能已經做某事。can 用在否定和疑問句中, 表示不相信、懷疑等態度。Could have done 表示本可以做的事情但卻沒有做e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.2.

3、 以could或would提問時，不能再以could或would作答，而應該用can或will。如： Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you can.3. shall 可以用于第一、三人稱的疑問句，表示征求意見或許可；還可用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示允諾、警告、命令或威脅等。如：You shall be punished if you break the rule.4. should 表示義務、建議、勸告，意為 “應該”。 “should + have + 過去分詞表示本應該在過去做但沒有做。 e.g. You should k

4、eep your promise. 你應該遵守諾言。 She should have passed the exam. 她應該通過考試的。5. must 用于一般問句中, 肯定回答用 must否定式用neednt 或 dont have to，做“不必”, mustnt 表示“禁止，不允許” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime? Yes, you must. No,youneednt. must 表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情。Eg: He must come and worry her with question, just when she was

5、 busy cooking the dinner. Of course, after I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite.練一練：一、選擇。1. I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. A. cant B. mustnt C. darent D. neednt 2. Hows your new babysitter? We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so

6、 much. A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 3. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you _. You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt4. When I was young, I was told that I _ play with matches. (上海2008春)A. wouldnt B. needntC. mustnt D. darent5. Some aspects of a pilot

7、s job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must6. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will B. must C. may D. can7. It _ be the postman

8、at the door. Its only six oclock. A. mustnt B. cant C. wont D. neednt8. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may二、用適當的情態動詞翻譯句子。1. 你應該更加注意你的書寫。(pay attention to)2. 明天早晨，我們必須早起。3. 我本應該完成作業的

9、，但昨晚我熬夜看足球賽了。(stay up late)4. 司機酒后嚴禁開車。5. 你不必太擔心你的作文。Unit 3 5 名詞性從句noun clauses1. 名詞性從句定義：在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句。 (Noun Clauses)2. 名詞從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。3. 因此根據它在句中不同的語法功能，名詞從句包括：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。1）What he does is important.2) I dont like what he does everyday.3) This is what he does

10、 everyday.4) I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.4. 名詞性從句中的連接詞有:連詞: that / whether / as if (though)連接代詞: what /who/which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever連接副詞: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever Unit 3 名詞性從句作賓語、表語（賓語從句&表語從句）1. 賓語從句：1）定義：跟在動詞或介詞后面的從句叫賓語從句。2）引

11、導賓語從句的連接代詞主要有: who, whom, what, which, whatever, whoever 等；連接副詞主要有：where, when, how, why 等; 連詞主要有that, if, whether。3) that 在引導賓語從句時無詞義，也不充當任何成分，且通常可以省略。但如果含有兩個或兩個以上的并列賓語從句時，通常只有第一個從句的that可以省略，其余從句的that一般不能省略。如：My uncle said (that) he would come and that he would also bring his son.賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種

12、情況下不能省略： 當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時, 第二個that不能??； 當that作介詞賓語時, that不可省掉。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. 用it做形式賓語的賓語從句，把真正的賓語從句后置I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.5) whether 和 if 都意為“是否”，通常情況下，二者都可以引導賓語從句；但在介詞之后或與 or not 連用時，只能用whether。6) 在第一人稱 I, we 與動詞

13、think, expect, believe, guess, suppose 等連用，后接賓語從句時，通常將從句的否定轉移到主句謂語動詞，形成否定前移。如：I dont suppose youre used to this diet. 7)一些含有假設、猜想、建議等意思的動詞后面的賓語從句要用“should +動詞原形”結構（虛擬語氣）, should 可以省略。這類動詞有: advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest等。如： I suggested th

14、at he (should) study harder. 2. 表語從句1）定義: 跟在系動詞后面的從句叫表語從句2）系動詞：be, like, get, become, turn, keep, remain, grow, smell, look, sound, sense, feel, taste等。3）that 引導表語從句，只起連接作用，沒有意義，不作句子成分，但不可省（三不原則）。引導表語從句的連詞有 that, whether, as if。引導表語從句的連接代詞有 what, who, which。引導表語從句的連接副詞有when, where, how, why。Eg: What

15、 I want to say is that we should spare no efforts to protect our environment.4）當主句的主語為 reason 或是由 why 引導的主語從句時，與它相關的表語從句的連詞要用 that 而不能用because。The reason why I like books is that it can broaden our horizon.練一練：1. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _ it is he is trying to expr

16、ess.A. that B. how C. who D. what2. Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why3. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know _ shell accept it. A. where B. what C. whether D. which4. We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place

17、 our new furniture. A. that B. which C. what D. where5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. A. what B. who C. how D. why6. Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely mo

18、deled on his own life. A. what B. that C. why D. whether7. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what8. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _

19、she was so angry. A. where B. whether C. that D. why二、判斷從句，選詞填空。1. Parents are taught to understand _(how/that)important education is to their childrens future.2. Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? Oh, thats _(what/that) makes me feel excited.3. His question is _(that/when) and where the

20、party will hold.4. Im very interested in _(how/what) he has improved English so fast.5. He asked me _(what/when) I had bought in the supermarket.6. I cant understand _(that/why) they insist on going out in such a cold night.7. I am sure _(that/what) my mom will agree with me.8. Chinese are proud of

21、_(how/what) they had achieved in the past 20 years. Unit 4 名詞性從句做主語（主語從句）1. 主語從句定義：在復合句中作句子的主語2. 主語從句的引導詞:有從屬連詞that, whether, if；連接代詞who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which；連接副詞when, where, how, why等。3. 觀察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主語從句及引導詞:1）. What is needed for a trip is careful preparation.該句中主語從句是 _，

22、引導詞為 _。2）. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody.該句中主語從句是 _，引導詞為 _。3）. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided.該句中主語從句是 _，引導詞為_。4）. It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago.該句中主語從句是 _，引導詞為_。注意：當一個句子主語過長時，可以用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語或主語從句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平

23、衡。如例4.練一練：判斷下列句子類型1）. It is not clear how the accident happened.2）. I didnt understand why he did so at that time.3）. It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake.難點: what 與 that 引導主語從句4. 觀察下列例句，試著翻譯例句并總結其規律。 (1) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true.譯為

24、：_(2) What is needed for the program is more wisdom. 譯為：_小結：從上面例句可以看出，that引導主語從句時，在句中具有“兩不”原則：一、不作句子成分；二、沒有實際意義。當它引導的主語從句置于句首時，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時， that可以省略?！眷柟叹毩暋?用 what 或 that 填空。(1) _ he told us this morning was just a lie.(2) _ is important to us is enough time.(3) It worries my mom

25、_ she is beginning to get a little fat.(4) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.5. whether 與 if 引導主語從句 如果主語從句置于句首，不能用if引導，此時，需用whether。但如果用it作形式主語，而把主語從句放在句末時，也可以用if引導。Eg: Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.It was doubtful whether/ if Tom really saw Sharon.6. 其它引導詞連接代詞who,

26、which, whom, whose有各自的具體意義，起連接作用，同時在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語等；whoever, whatever, whichever在意義上更為強調，常譯為“無論”；連接副詞when, where, why, how等也有各自的意義，起連接作用，并在從句中作狀語。練一練;（改錯）1. Light travels faster than sound is common knowledge.2. If shes coming or not doesnt matter much.3. That the professor said is of great import

27、ance.4. Where will the trees be planted has not been decided.5. No matter who breaks the rule will be punished.6. When and where the meeting will be held still remain a question.7. It was requested that everyone made a speech at the meeting. 8. What were your problems a year ago has now become mine.

28、 Unit 5 名詞性從句作同位語（同位語從句）同位語從句 (noun clauses as the appositive)1. 定義：在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。eg. The news that our team won the first prize excited all of us.2. 功能：同位語從句對名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容。3. 用法：1）引導同位語從句的that在從句中不充當任何成分，無任何具體意思，一般不省略。（三不原則）2） 同位語從句常用that引導，與其同位的名詞常有：news, fact, hope, idea, word, suggestio

29、n, promise, thought, doubt, belief信任/信仰, truth, request, proposal提議/建議, demand等抽象名詞。(此類名詞可以涵蓋一定的內容）Eg: The fact that he died in the car accident made everyone sad.3) 同位語從句還可用 whether, how , when, where, why等引導。 eg: I have no idea how he did it.注意：除 that外， 其余連詞在從句中都具有各自的意義和成分。 eg: He must answer the

30、question whether he agrees to it or not. 狀語 You have no idea how worried I was. 狀語練一練：1. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A. that B. what C. which D. why 難點:(定語從句與同位語從句的區別)1. 從詞類上區別 同位語從句前面的名詞只能是ide

31、a, fact, news, possibility, promise, word, order等有一定內涵的名詞，而定語從句的先行詞可以是名詞,代詞,主句的一部分或是整個主句。（判斷下列的句子哪句是定語從句，哪句是同位語從句。）Eg: Word came that he had been abroad. 據說他已經出國了。Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我們的隊贏了, 這讓我們很高興。2. 從性質上區別 定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制,屬于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進一步的說明和解釋,

32、屬于名詞性從句的范疇，如: Eg: The news that our team has won the game was true. 我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的。 (同位語從句, 補充說明news到底是一個什么消息) The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的。 (定語從句, news在從句中作told的賓語) 3. 引導詞that引導定語從句時, 在從句中一般作主語或賓語 (指物時還可以用which代替), 并且作賓語時常常省略，that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用, 不充當任何成分, 并且不能省略, 也不能用w

33、hich來代替，如: I had no idea that you were here （that引導同位語從句，不能省略)Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？ （that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略） 練一練：1. 填上適當的連接詞。1). I have no idea _ he will be back. 2). We heard the news _ our team had won. 3). There arose the question _ we could get th

34、e loan . 4). The suggestion _ the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow. 5). Have you heard the news _ Mary will be back soon? 2. 判斷下列哪些含有同位語從句，哪些含有定語從句。1) The news that we had successfully sent up another communication satellite spread throughout the world.2) Thats the best piece of n

35、ews Ive heard.3) Is there any hope that he will be home at 7?4) Ive no hope that my parents have been expecting to me.5) The possibility that you referred to doesnt exist at all.6) There is a strong possibility that we may be in France for the next week.7) The problem that they discussed the other day had been settled.8) Well discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time.9) The