1、高等院校研究生英語系列教材綜合教程（上）綜合教程（上）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit 10 The Role of Education Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1The following is a list of the core courses offered by colleges or universities. Select what you think are the three most

2、 important core courses from the list below. Compare your choices with those of your partners and give reasons for your choices. (P276) EconomicsGeographyHistoryPhysiologyPsychologyEnglish, dancing, etc)Arts (music, paintingMathPhilosophyChineseP.E.ComputerManagementReligionLawTask 2 In the mid 1980

3、s, Chinas college enrollment rate stood at about 3% of the population, lower than that of many other developing countries. In the early 1990s, the number rose to 5%. In 1999, universities enrolled 1.59 million students, which was a 41.2 percent rise from the previous year. Since then, the numbers ha

4、ve just kept climbing. In 2002, the college enrollment rate reached 15% percent. It rose to 19% in 2005. Some people think the expansion policy is necessary to improve the quality of the nations education while others believe that the expansion is responsible for a decline in the quality of teaching

5、 as well as the intense competition in the job market. What is your opinion on this issue? Use examples, facts or figures to support your ideas. (P276) Task 2Useful words and expressions: a just, equitable and productive society quality of education skilled workforce low-income areas minority studen

6、ts rising tuition fees heavy financial burden meet the demands of the workplace incapable of tackling practical problems boost economic development increase the skill base of the country Task 3 In most parts of China, when students reach the second grade at senior high school, they are required to s

7、pecialize in either science or arts courses. The two courses are very different and some people dislike being streamlined so early in their educational career. What do you think of this practice? Talk to your partner and tell them about your experience. (P277) Now watch a video about Princeton Unive

8、rsity. Listen carefully and complete the blank-filling exercise.1. Princeton University is located in Princeton, New Jersey in the suburban historic town of_ including farmlands and forests.2. One of the things that weve seen in the last years is _in the class.3. Princeton offers one of the stronges

9、t financial aid programs in the country. Thats why 58% of undergraduates receive financial aid thats not needed _.4. Some of the most popular majors in Princeton are politics, history, _.5. Our faculties are leaders in their fields and theyre pushing back _ in terms of their research.diverse surroun

10、dingsthe gender balance to be paid backmolecular biology and engineeringintellectual limits The Role of the Academy in Times of Crisis Global Understanding 2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Vocabulary in Action6Background Information1Listen to a talk on education and educationa

11、l system, and answer the following questions.1) Whats the purpose of education?2) Whats thought to be fashionable in many modern countries?3) Why do some people refuse to do what they think of as low jobs?4) Why is the work of a completely uneducated farmer far more important than that of a professo

12、r?5) What kind of education is valuable to the society?Global UnderstandingTask 1Its important to be able to find the main idea in a paragraph. The main idea tells the reader what the paragraph is mostly about. All of the other sentences in a paragraph are details that tell the reader more about the

13、 main idea. The main idea is usually stated in a topic sentence. The topic sentence is often the first sentence or it may come a little later in the paragraph or even at the end. Its important to be able to distinguish the main idea from the supporting details in reading materials. Sometimes the mai

14、n idea is not written explicitly but rather suggested. Sometimes it may be expressed in more than one sentence. There are seven paragraphs in this text. Write down the main idea of each paragraph. (P283)Para 1:Para 2:Para 3:Para 4:Global UnderstandingOur societys confidence in its institutions of hi

15、gher education is clear from the generosity of government investment in research but it comes with expectation.Modern academic study relates to the world; it is not apart from it as in the past.American society has a long-standing consensus about the value of education.We have an obligation to searc

16、h for new ideas and knowledge.Para 5:Para 6:Para 7: Global UnderstandingWe have an obligation to disseminate new idea and knowledge.We have the third obligation to educate the next generation of citizens and leaders.We should cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students. Task 2

17、Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P284)Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BCBBCCACCCDetailed InformationCritical ThinkingReading FocusStep One Read the following sentences from the text and decide whether you agree with the author. Work in groups to provide exa

18、mples to support or argue against the authors opinions.Reading FocusCritical ThinkingThe search for new ideas and knowledge is not and cannot be motivated by utilitarian concern.We should first and foremost cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students.Step TwoDiscuss with your

19、partner the following questions.What do you think is the purpose of education?Do you think the idea of a liberal arts education as preparation for a profession is a narrow one? Why or why not?Reading FocusCritical Thinking1. Our societys confidence in its institutions of higher education is expresse

20、d through the generous investments of the federal and state governments in basic and applied research, investments that wisely couple support for research with support for graduate education. (Para 2) couple with: if one thing is coupled with another, they happen or exist together and produce a part

21、icular result 并提；加上并提；加上 e.g. 1) Lack of rain coupled with high temperatures caused the crops to fail. 2) His energy and intelligence, coupled with her skill and patience, overcame all difficulties.Language Point 2. In times of trouble, it is especially important that we live up to these expectation

22、s. (Para 2) live up to: if something or someone lives up to a standard, reputation, or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do what they promised 符合（標準）；不負（盛名）；履行符合（標準）；不負（盛名）；履行（諾言）（諾言） e.g. 1) He works hard and will probably live up to his parents expectations. 2) The bank is insolve

23、nt and is unable to live up to its obligations.Language Point 3. The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inward in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory,

24、 but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. (Para 3) contemplation (n.): quiet, serious thinking about something 沉思沉思 e.g. 1) He is lost in contemplation about his future. 2) The monks spend an hour in contemplation each morning. supersede (v.): to replace 代替

25、，取代代替，取代 e.g. Television superseded radio in the fifties.Language Point diffusion (n.): spreading ideas orinformation among a lot of people 傳播，散播傳播，散播 e.g. 1) The diffusion of ideas across borders is one reason for Europes success. 2) The diffusion of news by radio and TV may be affected by the Inte

26、rnet.翻譯：翻譯：中世紀大學的形象是一座象牙塔，學者們遠離社會中世紀大學的形象是一座象牙塔，學者們遠離社會進行孤獨的沉思，不關心窗外之事進行孤獨的沉思，不關心窗外之事這一形象已被現這一形象已被現代大學所取代代大學所取代現代大學不是象牙構筑的，而是高度現代大學不是象牙構筑的，而是高度開放的機構，允許內外自由交流。開放的機構，允許內外自由交流。 Language Point 4. We also have learned that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends

27、 upon preparing fertile ground in obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout. (Para 4) serendipity (n.): the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveries by accident 翻譯：翻譯：同時，我們也得知，只在可預知的領域來挖掘知識同時，我們也得知，只在可預知的領域來挖掘知識是不明智的，因為新知識往往依賴于在未知領域準備

28、好是不明智的，因為新知識往往依賴于在未知領域準備好肥沃的土壤，在那些領域，好運氣同深奧的智慧一樣能肥沃的土壤，在那些領域，好運氣同深奧的智慧一樣能 開花結果。開花結果。 Language Point 5. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherished organizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, it is a practical necessity. (Para 4) imperative (n.): an essential or urgent thing 需要需

29、要 e.g. 1) Tackling malaria is now an international imperative. 2) Distributing food aid is an important moral imperative in that society. imperative (adj.): extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately 急需的急需的 e.g. 1) It is imperative that politicians should be good communicat

30、ors. 2) It is imperative to meet face to face with the client.Language Point 6. It consists in the power to distinguish good reasoning from bad, in the power to digest and interpret evidence, in the habit of catholic observation and a preference for the non-partisan point of view, in an addiction to

31、 clear and logical processes of thought and yet an instinctive desire to interpret rather than to stick to the letter of reasoning, in a taste for knowledge and a deep respect for the integrity of the human mind. (Para 6)catholic (adj.): including a very wide variety of things 廣泛的廣泛的, 普遍的普遍的 e.g. 1)

32、 She has a catholic taste in music. 2) You have a catholic array of books on your bookshelf. Language Point non-partisan (adj.): not supporting the ideas of any political party or group 無黨派的無黨派的 翻譯：翻譯：它包括了：辨別正確推理與錯誤推理的能力，消化它包括了：辨別正確推理與錯誤推理的能力，消化 與闡釋論據的能力，廣泛觀察的習慣，對于持客觀與闡釋論據的能力，廣泛觀察的習慣，對于持客觀 見解的偏好，執著于

33、清晰有條理的思維過程，本能見解的偏好，執著于清晰有條理的思維過程，本能 地熱衷于闡釋內涵而不拘泥于推論的字面意義，對地熱衷于闡釋內涵而不拘泥于推論的字面意義，對 知識的鑒賞力，對人類健全心智的無限尊重。知識的鑒賞力，對人類健全心智的無限尊重。 Language Point Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-Task 1Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P287)Vocabulary in Action ACDBBBCDABTas

34、k 21. To solve a problem you have to understand its _ causes.2. Once weve had the disease, were usually _ for life.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P288)impart eloquent immunize illumination scholarimperative diffusion vulnerability for

35、emost underlieVocabulary in Action underlyingimmune3. I was rather quiet as I didnt feel I had much wisdom to _ on the subject.4. A broad and balanced education is a(n) _ for raising standards.5. The fort was _ to attack from the north.6. Their ideas _ quickly across Europe.impart eloquent immunize

36、illumination scholar imperative diffusion vulnerability foremost underlieVocabulary in Action impartimperativevulnerablediffused7. Economic concerns are _ in many voters minds.8. I went to a(n) _ lecture this morning.9. The report _ the difficult issues at the heart of scientific policy.10. He is a

37、man of ambition and _ .impart eloquent immunize illumination scholar imperative diffusion vulnerability foremost underlieVocabulary in Action foremostscholarlyilluminatedeloquenceTask 3Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P288) Key 1- 2- 3-

38、 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-deepercontributeexplore potentialhowproductivelikelyproduceNationallydedicatedVocabulary in Action Americas Failure in Science Education Global Understanding Critical Thinking Language Points Vocabulary in Action1234Complete the following extract with information from the text.

39、 When it comes to educating the next generation in subjects of science and technology, US students have fallen far behind their competitors in much of Western Europe and 1) _. According to the Third International Mathematics and Science Study, by the time US students reach their senior year of high

40、school, they rank below 2) _ in 17 other countries in 3) _. This trend has disturbing implications not just for the future of American technological leadership but for 4) _. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan warned that the country has developed a shortage of highly skilled workers and 5

41、) _ lesser-skilled workers and the National Science Board has expressed the same concern in a recent report. Reading MoreGlobal UnderstandingAsian nationstheir counterpartsmath and science literacythe broader economya surplus of A number of factors contribute to the situation. Firstly, until now, Am

42、erica has compensated for its lack of educated scientists by 6)_. But it may not be able to continue to rely on this as brilliant young scientists in overseas countries find they have 7)_ in their home countries. Secondly, President Bushs education-reform initiative, No Child Left Behind, may be 8)

43、_, because NCLB currently requires that students be tested only in 9) _. Finally, there is a severe shortage of 10) _. A large number of science teachers in high schools dont even have 11)_ in science. Moreover, even those who have a science degree are often teaching outside 12) _.Reading MoreGlobal

44、 Understandingimporting brainpowerbetter working opportunitiesexacerbating the problemreading and mathqualified science teachersa major or minortheir area of expertiseCritical ThinkingCritical Thinking Discuss the following questions with your partner and then report your ideas to the class.Reading

45、MoreCritical ThinkingF Do you want to further your study in an overseas country? Why or why not? If yes, which overseas country will you consider first? Why?Reading MoreCritical ThinkingF The author thinks that bright young Indian or Chinese scientists may well have better opportunities at home than

46、 in the US as globalization accelerates. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?1. But brace yourself for what youll find. (Para. 1) bracefor： to mentally or physically prepare for something unpleasant that is going to happen 使準備迎接使準備迎接（困難）（困難） e.g. 1) The city braced itself for the possibility of an

47、other earthquake. 2) Nancy braced herself for the inevitable arguments. Language Point 2. .“the future strength of the US science and engineering workforce is imperiled,” (Para.3)imperil (v.): to put something or someone in danger 危及危及 e.g. The whole project was imperiled by a lack of funds.Language

48、 Point 3. “the global competition for science and engineering talent is intensifying.” (Para. 5) intensify (v.) : to increase in degree or strength, or to make something do this 加強，增強加強，增強 e.g. 1) His mothers death intensified his loneliness. 2) Economic conditions intensified the pressure on indust

49、ry to raise prices. Language Point 4. But Hanushek figures that the 4% annual increase alone would be enough to offset the entire cost of Americas public K-126 school system for the same year. (Para. 7) offset (v.): if the cost or amount of something offsets another cost or amount, the situation is

50、balanced ie it remains the same 補償，抵消補償，抵消 e.g. 1) He was able to offset his travel expenses against tax. 2) The gains were offset by the losses so there was no profit.Language Point Language Point 5. “Ironically, President Bushs education-reform initiative, No Child Left Behind, may be exacerbating

51、 the problem. (Para. 9)exacerbate (v.): to make a bad situation worse 使加劇，使惡化使加劇，使惡化e.g. I dont want to exacerbate the situation.6. You dont have to be a scientist to recognize that the status quo is a recipe for big trouble. (Para. 11) be a recipe for: to be likely to cause a particular result 很可能是

52、造很可能是造成成 的原因；是的原因；是 的秘訣的秘訣 e.g. 1) Good friends, plenty of food and a warm atmosphere are a recipe for a successful party. 2) He said that five small boys on skis would be a recipe for disaster; it would not be a holiday.Language Point 7. As things stand now, science graduates simply have too many l

53、ucrative alternatives to teaching.(Para. 13) lucrative (adj.): profitable; a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money 賺錢的賺錢的 e.g. 1)They negotiated a lucrative contract that helped to save the company from bankruptcy. 2) Thousands of ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs i

54、n private security firms.Language Point Task 1 Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P295)Vocabulary in Action ACBDCABCACTask 21. sweepA. They want to make _ changes to education policies.B. Bert_ the path in front of th

55、e house.2. addressA. The new President delivered his inaugural _ in Creole.B. Our products _ the needs of serious users.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given and explain its meaning. (P295)Vocabulary in Action sweeping (adj.)swept (v.)address (n.)address (v.) Vocabula

56、ry in Action 3. stunA. Redfern _ the crowd with a last-minute goal.B. You look absolutely _ in that dress.4. ironicA. Your car was stolen at the police station! How _!B. _; his cold got better on the last day of his holiday.5. contendA. Three armed groups are _ for power.B. She is a strong _ for the

57、 Teacher of the Year.stunned (v.)stunning (adj.)ironic (adj.)Ironical ly (adv.)contending (v.)contender (n.) Vocabulary in Action 6. depressA. The whole experience was very _.B. The thought of taking the exam again _ him.7. figureA. Government _ underestimate the problem.B. From the way he behaved,

58、I _ that he was drunk.8. rankA. During the war Harold had risen to the _ of major.B. The tasks have been _ in order of difficulty.depressing (adj.)depressed (v.)figures (n.)figured (v.)rank (n.)ranked (v.)9. qualifyA. Free school lunches are given to children who _.B. If you dont speak German, youre

59、 not _ to comment.10. majorA. There are two _ political parties in the US.B. Hes _ in Political Science.Vocabulary in Action qualify (v.)qualified (adj.)major (adj.)majoring (v.)英語英語抽象名詞抽象名詞分為分為品質抽象名詞品質抽象名詞和和行為抽象名詞行為抽象名詞兩大類。兩大類。 品質抽象名詞品質抽象名詞 品質抽象名詞，一旦具體化，就可以指稱人或事的某種品質、特點、狀態，或是具有這種品質、特點、狀態的人和事。翻譯這些抽象

60、名詞時往往可以在其后面加上一些表示品質、特點、狀態等方面的詞來表示它們的用法。抽象名詞的翻譯1. Meanwhile individual schools are moving on their own to redress the imbalance between teaching and research. 譯文：與此同時，各學校正采取措施糾正教學與科研不譯文：與此同時，各學校正采取措施糾正教學與科研不平衡的狀況。平衡的狀況。 2. Pennsylvania recently required the states 162 colleges and universities to tes