1、動詞不定式是初中英語的語法重點之一,也是每年中考英語試題的考點之一。它是動詞的一種非謂語形式,沒有人稱和數的變化,不能單獨作句子的謂語。其構成形式為"to+動詞原形",to 為動詞不定式的符號,本身無意義。動詞不定式具有兩大特點:1.具有動詞的特點,因此,后面可以跟表語、賓語或狀語,構成動詞不定式短語。2.具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的特點,可以在句子中用作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語、表語及同位語等。下面以近幾年全國部分省市的中考英語試題為例,對不定式的難點以及它在中考英語中的考查點,作一簡要的總結和分析,供同學們學習時參考。一、動詞不定式作主語1. It's o

2、ur duty _ the room every day.A. to cleanB. cleanedC. cleanD. cleans(甘肅省2. It's hard for us _ English well.A. learnB. learnsC. to learnD. learning(江西省3.建造這座立交橋將花費工人們一年多的時間。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀區4. It's very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A.

3、 for, ofB. of, forC. to, forD. of, to(安徽省Keys: 1. A 2. C 3. take, to, build 4. B簡析動詞不定式作主語時,可以直接放在謂語動詞前面的主語位置,也可以用先行詞it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(不定式置于后面。常見的句式有:(1It is +形容詞(of sbto do sth.(2It is +名詞(for sbto do sth.(3It takes sb some time to do sth.(4It is +形容詞(for sbto do sth.句式(1中常用nice, kind, clever, good,

4、right, wrong, foolish, careless等形容詞,與介詞of搭配,這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語的屬性或性質;句式(4中常用hard, difficult, easy, important等形容詞,與介詞for搭配,表示不定式表示的動作、行為的性質。二、動詞不定式作賓語1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buyB. buyingC. to buyD. buys (山西省2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bringB. bring

5、ingC. to takeD. taking (福建省3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleepingB. sleepsC. sleptD. to fall asleep (湖南省Keys: 1. C 2. A 3. D簡析在want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等動詞后面,可以接不定式作賓語。如果其后接形容詞補足語時,則可以用it作形式賓語,而把作真正賓語的不定式放到后面。三、動詞不定式作賓語補足語1.

6、 Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withC. to help withD. helps him with (江蘇省2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cookB. cooksC. to cookD. cooked (甘肅省Key: 1. B 2. C簡析不定式可以用作賓語補足語。后面可以接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有:ask, tea

7、ch, expect, tell, allow等。四、動詞不定式作狀語1. She went _ her teacher.A. to seeB. looksC. sawD. seeing (江西省2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learnB. learningC. to learnD. learns (四川省Key: 1. A 2. C簡析go, come, try, do / try one's best等動詞或短語動詞作謂語時,其后常常可以接不定式作目的狀語。3. I

8、9;m sorry _ that.A. hearsB. hearingC. hearD. to hear (河北省4. I'm sorry _ you.A. troubleB. to troubleC. troublingD. troubled (吉林省5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meetB. meetC. metD. meets (甘肅省Keys: 3. D 4. B 5. A簡析"be +形容詞+ to do sth"結構中的不定式作狀語,常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is s

9、o fat that it can't go through the hole.(改為意思相同的句子The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (廣東省7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改為意思相同的句子The ice on the lake wasn't _ enough _ people _ _ _. (廣東省Keys: 6. is, too, small, for 7. thick, for, to, sk

10、ate, on簡析在上述"too +形容詞/副詞(for sbto do"(太而不能和"enough (for sb to do"(足以、足夠做結構中,不定式作結果狀語。五、動詞不定式作定語1. Would you like something _?A. drinkB. drinkingC. to drinkD. drinks (湖北省2. I have a lot of homework _.A. doB. doingC. didD. to do (河南省3. He is not an easy man _.A. get onB. to get onC

11、. get on withD. to get on with (山東省Key: 1. C 2. D 3. D簡析不定式作定語時,常放在被修飾的詞語之后,與被修飾的詞語為邏輯上的主謂關系或動賓關系;如果不定式的動詞是不及物動詞,其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞,構成的短語動詞相當于及物動詞。六、不帶to的動詞不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enterB. enterC. enteringD. entered (河南省2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to fe

12、elB. feelsC. feelingD. feel (吉林省3. Your father is sleeping. You'd better _.A. not wake up himB. not to wake up himC. not wake him upD. not to wake him up (陜西省4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon.A. doB. doingC. to doD. did (貴州省Key: 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C簡析1.在see, watch, hear, feel等感官動詞和make

13、, have, let等使役動詞后面作賓語補足語的不定式不帶to.但是在被動語態中,作主語補足語的不定式要帶to(let沒有被動語態。2.在"had better"后面接不帶to的不定式。七、動詞不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jumpB. to not jumpC. didn't jumpD. not jump (廣西壯族自治區2. The old man told the child _ noisy.A. not beB. not to beC. to not beD. be not

14、 (湖北省3. There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have, not to beB. have, not beC. be, not to beD. be, not be (內蒙古自治區Key: 1. A 2. B 3. C簡析動詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號to的前面加上not,如果是不帶to的不定式就直接在動詞原形前面加上not.八、某些動詞后面接不定式和接動詞-ing形式的區別1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to ha

15、veB. havingC. haveD. has (廣西壯族自治區2. Why didn't you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. took (湖北省3. Let's have a rest, shall we?Not now, I can't stop _ the letters.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. and write (湖北省4. Jim was badly

16、hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk. (用所給單詞的正確形式填空(四川省Key: 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking簡析一些常見的動詞后面接不定式和接動詞的-ing形式的區別如下:"stop to do sth"意為"停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事","stop doing sth"意為"停止正在做的事":" remember to do sth"意為"記住去做某事"(事還未做,"remember doing sth&qu

17、ot;意為"記得做過某事"(事已做:"go on to do sth"意為"接著做某事"(做完一事,接著做另一事," go on doing sth"意為"繼續做某事"(一事未做完接著往下做:"forget to do sth"意為"忘了做某事"(事還未做,"forget doing sth"意為"忘了曾做過某事"(事已做。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a pla

18、ne _ over my head. A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省 6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past. A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龍江省 Key： 5. B 6. A 簡析在 see， hear， watch， feel 等感官動詞后面可接不帶 to 的不定式，也可接動 詞的-ing 形式作賓語補足語，用不定式表示動作的全過程(動作已結束，用動詞的-ing 形式表 示動作正在進行(動作尚未結束。 九、動詞不定式的省略及其符號 to 的保留 1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us? Yes, _. What time are we going to meet? A. I would B. I