1、語法復習十四：代詞It的用法作人稱代詞John likes playing Pingpong / He always does it in the afternoon (指代上下文提到的事物)； /It's time wewent home. / How far is it from here to your home ? / It is getting warmer and warmer / It's very quiet at the moment (可指時間、天氣、環境等 )引導詞作形式主語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。It's important

2、for us to learn a second language / It's no use talking to him / It's known to all that the earth goesround the sunB 作形式賓語，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。We feel it our duty to help others / He made it clear that he would leave the city C強調結構： It is (was) + 被強調部分 that (或 who)注意 : 在強調結構中，如被強調部分為時間狀語或地點

3、狀語，其后的連接詞也絕不能為when 或 where，而應用 that 。在復習中，一定要注意句式的不同。It was in Shanghai that I bought the guitar (that引起強調句 )It was Shanghai where I bought the guitar (where引起定從 )It was twelve o'clockwhen we arrived there (when引起時間狀語從句）It was at twelve o'clock that we arrived there （ that 引起強調句）3. it ， one，

4、 that的區別： 作為代詞，這三個詞的對比使用是高考的熱點之一。NMET2000 ，23-Why don't we take a little break?-Didn't we just have _?A itB thatConeD thisNMET2001 ，25The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move inA theyB itC oneD whichone 用以指代 同類事物中的任一，that 特指性強，指代可數與不可數詞，而it指代上文提過的同一 事物

5、。不定代詞不定代詞種類較多，用法各異，在使用中一定要注意區別。1、 both ， either， neither都表兩者范圍，在句中作主語、賓語、定語， both 可用作同位語。both 意為 "兩者都 " ， either 表 " 兩者中任一個 " ， neither 表 "兩者都不 "。2、 any ， none ， all表三者或三者以上范圍，any 表任何一個、一些( 不可數或復數概念，用于否定句、疑問句或條件從句中)； none 表三者或三者以上中的哪一個都不；表示不可數物中的一點兒也沒有；all 整個的；所有的 (三者或三

6、者以上)；所有的 (不可數 )。e.g.This book is a good seller ， so you can buy it at any shop in Beijing / None of us are/is perfect /All of thevillage was flooded 3、 no one ， nobody ， none， nothing ： no one， nobody 表沒有人， nothing 指沒有什么事物，none 兼指人和物。none 著眼于數量概念。"特指的人或物一個也沒有，一點兒也沒有" 。-How many people are

7、there in the hall ?-None -who wants to go with him ?-No one(Nobody) -What can you see in the bottle ?-Nothing -Is there any water in it ?-None 4、 another ， the other ， the other+ 復數名詞 (或 the others) ， other ( 或 other + 復數名詞 )： another 表三者或三者以上范疇中的任一；與數詞連用，表" 再有 " ； the other 表兩者中的另外那個，特指；t

8、he other+復數名詞 (或 theothers)，另外那些，表示其余所有的人或物，用于特指；others (或 other+復數名詞 ) 另一些，表余下人或物中的另一些，泛指。-I don't like this ， show me another one (NMET 2000 ， 16)If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay_$15A anotherB otherCmoreD Each (A)91人稱、物主、反身、指示代詞高考重點要求1掌握人稱代詞、物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞的基本

9、用法。2重點掌握不定代詞的指代含義及數的情況，能通過語境準確選取答案。3掌握 it 的基本用法。一人稱代詞1）分清主格和賓格形式。eg： -I love you more than her， child /-You mean more than _love her or more than she loves_?A you； meB I ； youC you； youD I ；me2)注意約定俗成的用法。-Who is it ?-It's me -I'd like to have a rest-Me ， too3）使用 we 和 you 泛指一般人4)使用 she 代表國家、船

10、只、月亮、大地等China is a great country She has a long history5)并列主語或賓語中順序是：you， he(she) and I； we ， you and they二物主代詞： 名詞性物主代詞在句中做主語、賓語、表語、補足語，構成雙重所有格：a friend of mine。形容詞性物主代詞只能起定語作用。三反身代詞1) 在句中作賓語、表語和同位語；2)單復數的確定； 3)在一些語境中的特殊含義。e.g. I'm not quite myself today 我今天不大舒服。/ ake yourself at home 不要拘禮；請隨便吧

11、。/ Don't getnervous，help yourself to what you like 別緊張，喜歡吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today?你今天玩得愉快嗎？四指示代詞（一） this， that， these those1在句子中作主語、賓語、表語和定語。2this(these)一般指時間和空間上較近的人或物，而 that (those)常指時間和空間上較遠的人或物。 e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine3 this(these)一般指后面要講到的事物，而that(those)

12、常指前面講到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：hewanted to go to Beijing / He didn't come That is why he didn't know 4that，those 常用來指代前面提到過的某個名詞。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995 ( that代替 oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany （二） suchsuch 引起倒裝句，

13、謂語數取決于后面主語的數：e.g Such is my answer /Such are our people做定語，注意和 so 的區別，尤其是在 so that， such that 句型中。 e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers ( 復數名詞前， so 不可 ) / I have never seen such a great film (也可為 so great a film) / We have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing (不可

14、數詞前， 不可用 so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him ( 在數量概念的 many， much， little ， few 之前，不可用 such )練習（一）、代詞一、強化訓練：1.New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_ more up to date than the last edition.A. anyB. everyoneC. eitherD. each2.After

15、 paying 1,000 dollars_ ,you'll all become full members of our club.A. eachB. allC. everyD. both3._ was her cruelty that we all hated her.A. ItB. WhatC. ThatD. Such4.Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _ better now.A. muchB. someC. anyD. very5.-Which of these two ties will you

16、 take?-I don't like these. Do you have any_ ?A. oneB. otherC. onesD. others6.I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses.92A. muchB. allC. neitherD. none7. I need some blue ink today but there is _ at hand.A. notB. nothingC. a littleD. none8. I found the very

17、watch of mine _ I had left _ .A. where, itB. that, itC. which, oneD. where, one9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to _?A. do soB. do itC. buy itD. do them10.-Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan.It can't be better than _of him.A. hersB. sheC. thatD. her11.-Shall

18、we introduce _ fire-fighting equipment from abroad?-Go ahead, if necessary.A. otherB. a few moreC. anotherD. some other12.-How about the price of these refrigerators?-They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_ at the otherstores.A. othersB. itC. thatD. the ones13.-I dislike _ when others laug

19、h at me in public or speak ill of me behind.-So do I.A. themB. thoseC. itD. that14.-Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music?-_. I prefer folk music.A. EitherB. BothC. NoneD. Neither15.Why don' t you trust and use old Tom? He is still as strong as _ in the team.A. nobodyB. anybody elseC

20、. everybodyD. somebody else16.-Are the new methods taking any effect?-Yes,_ articles are stolen from our supermarket.A. fewB. moreC. someD. none17.During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_ brought the roomto disorder.A. itB. and whichC. and thatD. thi

21、s18.I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy_ back.A. oneB. anyC. itD. some19. -Do you have _ at home now?-No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.A. nothingB. everythingC. anythingD. something20.Nancy is expecting a

22、nother baby and hopes _ will be a boy.A. heB. thatC. itD. there21.Surely it's _ with the big nose you mean, not _!A. he, IB. him, meC. him, ID. he, me22.The temperature can fall to 30 . _ is,30° C below freezing point.A. WhichB. ItC. ThatD. This23.-The exam was easy, wasn't it?-Yes, but

23、 I don' t think _ could pass it.A. somebodyB. everybodyC. anybodyD. nobody24.Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _ half.A. everyB. eachC. anotherD. either25._ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _ .A. None, somethingB. Some, everythingC. Few, somethingD. Few, nothi

24、ng26.-May I help you with some gloves, sir?-Yes, I'd like to try those blue _.A. oneB. onesC. pairD. two27.Of all my friends _ will be able to persuade Tom to change his mind. He is so firm upon it.A. noneB. nobodyC. neitherD. no one28.-Is he content to accept our offered price?-Yes. He cares mo

25、re about the quality. Money is _ to him.A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. something29.I have no idea which was better, so I took _ of them.A. bothB. noneC. allD. any30. You mustn't always do _ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes. 93A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything31.

26、I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like .A. anotherB. the otherC. othersD. one32.I didn't want either of _ hats and asked the salesman to show me_.A. those, anotherB. two, the otherC. all, the othersD. both, others33.The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some cau

27、ght a lot, and others caught _ at all.A. nothingB. noneC. no oneD. neither34.Thank you very much indeed. That' s _ of you.A. kindestB. most kindC. the kinderD. the most kind35.Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _ he says with a grain of salt.A. somethingB. anythingC. not

28、hingD. everything36.-I love you more than her, child.-You mean more than _ love her or more than she loves _?A. you, meB. I, youC. you, youD. I, me94練習（二）、代詞二、高考題選：1. Was it during the Second World War _he died? (MET88)A thatB. whileC. in whichD. then2. Is _necessary to take off our shoes when we en

29、ter the lab? (MET88H)A everyoneB. thisC. herD. it3 Is _possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET88)D. manA nowB. thatC. it4 His Parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _family was poor (MET88)A of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose5 _leaves the room last ought to turn off the light (MET88)A Any

30、oneB. The personC. WhoeverD. Who6 _writer is better known in China ， Charcles Dickens or Mark Twain? (MET88)A WhichB. WhatC. EitherD. Whether7 -Have you seen Tom and Mary?-I haven' t seen _of them (MET88)A neitherB. anyC. eitherD. all8 Is _necessary to complete the design before National Day? (M

31、ET89)A thisB. thatC. itD. he9 All _is needed is a supply of oil (MET89)D. whichA the thingB. thatC. what10 His camera is more expensive than _ (MET89)D. itsA hersB. herC. it11 I don't think _possible to master a foreign language without much memory work (MET90)A thisB. thatC. itsD. it12 _of them

32、 knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret (MET90)A EachB. AnyC. No oneD. None13 He paid the boy ￥ 10 for washing ten windows ， most of _hadn't been cleaned for at least a year (MET90)A theseB. thoseC. thatD. which14 Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _ (MET90)A their

33、B. theirsC. herD. hers15 I invited Tom and Ann to dinner ，but _of them came (NMET91)A neitherB. bothC. eitherD. none16 She heard a terrible noise， _brought her heart into her mouth (MET91)A itB. whichC. thisD. that17 We couldn't eat in a restaurant because _of us had _money on us(MET91)A all; no

34、B. any; noC. none; anyD. no one; any18 These plants are watered _(NMET91)D. every of two daysA each other dayB. every other dayC. each of two days19 Alice received an invitation from her boss， _came as a surprise (NMET91)A itB. thatC. whichD. he20 Does _matter if he can't finish the job on time?

35、D. itA thisB. thatC. he21 Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _who had already taken them (MET92)A the onesB. onesC. someD. the others22 There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _to buy (MET92)A whatB. whichC. howD. where23 Although he

36、9;s wealthy ， he spends _ on clothes (NME792)A littleB. fewC. a littleD. a few24 In the dark street， there wasn't a single person _ she could turn for help (MET92)A thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom25 _he said at the meeting astonished everybody present (MET93)A WhatB. ThatC. The factD. The matte

37、r26 -Would you like some wine?-Yes， just _ (MET93)A littleB very littleC a littleD little bit27 Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder， but _didn't help (MET93)A heB whichCsheD it28 -Is _here?-No ， Bob and Tim have asked for leave (MET93)A anybodyB somebodyCeverybodyD nobod

38、y29 -Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's?-No ， but it's almost the same as _ (NMET94)A herB yoursCthemD their30 The weather turned out to be very good ， _was more than we could expect (NMET94)A whatB whichCthatD it31 _is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language

39、 (NMET95)95A ThereB ThisCThatD It32 They were very tired ，but _of them would stop to take a rest (NMET95)A anyB someCnoneD neither33 I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _ (NMET95)A itB thoseCthemD one34 -When shall we meet again?-Make it _day you like; it's all the same to me

40、(NMET96)A oneB anyCanotherD some35 Tom felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it _ (NMET96 )A themselvesB oneselfCitselfD himself36 I agree with most of what you said ， but I don't agree with _ (NMET97)A everythingB anythingCsomethingD nothing37 Sarah has read lots of s

41、tories by American writers ， Now she would like to read_stories by writers from _countries (NMET97)A some; anyB other; someCsome; otherDother; other38 It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made (NMET97)A thatB untilCbeforeD when39 I hate _when people talk with

42、 their mouths full (NMET98)A itB thatCtheseD them40 Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge I can't remember _ (NMET98)A whereB thereCwhichD hat41 Why do you want a new job _you've got such a good one already? (NMET98)A thatB whereCwhichD when42 It was only when I reread his poems rec

43、ently _I began to appreciate their beauty (NMET98)A untilB thatCthenD so43 Few pleasures can equal _of a cool drink on a hot day (NMET99)A someB anyCthatD those44 If you want to change for a double-room you'll have to pay _$15 (NMET2000 )A anotherB otherCmoreD each45 -Why don't we take a lit

44、tle break?-Didn't we just have _? (NMET2000)A itB thatConeD this46 It is the ability to do the job _matters not where you come from or what you are (NMET2000 )A oneB thatCwhatD it47 If this dictionary is not yours ， _can it be? (NMET2001)A what elseB who elseCwhich else'sD who else's48 M

45、any people have helped with canned food ，however， the food bank needs _for the poor (2001 春招 )A moreB muchCmanyD most49 The Parkers bought a new house but _will need a lot of work before they can move in (NMET2001)A theyB itConeD which50 -He was nearly drowned once. （2002 春招）-When was _?-_was in 199

46、8 when he was in middle school.A. that; itB. this; thisC. this; itD. that; this語法復習十四：代詞一、強化訓練：1.D2.A3.D4.C5.D6.D7.D8.A9.B10.A11.D12.D13.C14.D15.B16.A17.C18.C19.B20.C21.B22.C23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. D31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. D 36. A二、高考題選：1 A 這是一個強調句式的一般疑問句。2 D it 是形式主語， to 不

47、定式是真正主語。3C 參看 2題。4 D family 與先行詞anyone 之間是所屬關系。5 C 在主語從句中，whoever 充當主語，指代人，相當于anyone who。而 C 項 who 也可引導名詞性從句，但它具體指 " 是誰 " 。6 A 特殊疑問句中的選擇，用which 。7 C 前一句只提到兩個人。neither ， either， both 僅用于表述兩者的情況，而any， all 表述多者的情況，且I haven't seen either of them 相當于 I have seen neither of them。8C 可參看 2、3 題

48、。9 B all 是先行詞， that 引導定語從句，且all that=what 。10A His camera 是句子的主語，也是信息詞，應填名詞性的物主代詞hers，它相當于her camera。11 D it 是形式賓語，to master 是真正賓語。此句還可說成I don't think it is possible to 。可參看2、 3、8題。9612D A 、 B 項不符合句意。C 項 no one 后不接 of 短語。13D which 是定語從句中的關系代詞，指代上文的windows 。A 、B 、C 項不能引導定語從句，且填進去后，兩個分句缺少連詞。14B 可參

49、看 10 題。15A 前文提到邀請兩個人，兩個人都沒來，故用neither 參看 7 題。16B which 引導非限定性定語從句。which 指代前面一句話。如果兩個分句是由and 連接，則 A 、C、D 項也對。17C A 項中的 all 放在否定句中，是部分否定，與上文we couldn't eat in a restaurant 矛盾， B 項不符語法，n 項 no one 后不接 of 短語，且只指代人。18B every other day 每隔一天，是習慣用法。19C which 在非限定性定語從句中指代前面一句話。可參看16 題。20D 考生非常熟悉It doesn&#

50、39;t matter 這一句型，該題現在是一般疑問句，it 是 matter 的主語， if 引導條件狀語從句。21A C 、 D 項不能做定語從句的先行詞來指代上文的the pupils ，只能用the ones，因為它被限定性定語從句所修飾，表特指。該句的意思是："張先生把教科書分給了所有的學生，那些已經拿走了的學生除外。"22B 原題中的 so many kinds of tape-recorders 暗示考生要買的是錄音機， 故排除 A 項。因為有這么多種類，因此不能決定買哪個。 C、D 項是連接副詞，不能做 buy 的賓語。23A B、 D 項應排除，它們指代可

51、數名詞的復數。全句意為："雖然他很富有，但很少花錢買衣服。" 故 C項不符句意。24D turn at sb for help 是慣用法，在定語從句中把to 提前與 whom 構成介詞十關系代詞。25A 主語從句中缺少賓語，故what 充當。26 C 原題中的答語Yes 暗示考生應選表示肯定意義的a little A、 B 項表示否定意義。27D it 指代前面一句話。因有but，故前后為并列句，不用關系代詞(which) 只用代詞it。28C Is everybody here?" 都到齊了嗎 " ， Is anybody here?" 這里有人嗎 ?"B 項 some body 可用在表示征求對方意見，并希望得到對方肯定回答的問句里。D 項不符原題句意。29B 參看 10、 14 題。30B 參看 16、 19 題。31D it 是形式主語， that 從句是真正主語