1、主語從句詳解 、概述 在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統稱為名詞性從句 句 又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句.根據它們在句中的語法作用，這類從二、主語從句主要有四類(1)由連詞that引導的主語從句:引導詞that無含義/在句中不做成分/不可以省.例如:That you will win the medal seems un likely.That you are so in differe nt bothers me.That she survived the accide nt is a miracle.(2)用連詞whether引導的主語從句:whether有含義(是否)/在

2、句中不做成分/不可以省.注意：引導主語從句，不能用if,只能用whether.例如： Whether we will hold a p arty in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. Whether sheis coming or not does n't matter too much.(3)用連接代詞引導的主語從句在由連接代詞 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導的名詞性從句中其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔當一定成分

3、.例如： What you n eed is more p ractice. What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the peop le. 注: whatever / whoever 的功用 whatever, whoever 在主語從句中不含疑問意義 語、表語等.它引導主語從句，并在從句中作主語、賓whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who.要注意禾Q whatever, whoever 弓丨導的讓步狀語從句的區別Whoever breaks the law shoul

4、d be puni shed.主語從句)(二 Anyone who breaks the law should be puni shed.Whoever breaks the law, he should be puni shed.)(讓步狀語從句)5(二No matter who breaks the law, he should be puni shed.(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀(4)用連接副詞 when, where, why, how引導名詞性從句語.)例女口 :Where we should leave it is a problem.'tbeen made pubic

5、.Whe n they will come has n 三、注意點:it構成的主語從句1)由連詞that引導的主語從句，在多數情況下放到句子的后面，而用代詞it作形式主例如： That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.Whe n the plane is to take off has not bee n announ ced .=It has not bee n announ ced whe n the plane

6、is to take off.(但當what引導的主語從句表示“？?的東西”時,一般不用it作形式主語.)錯:It is a book what he wan ts.對:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是,it作形式主語代替主語從句時,要注意和as引導的定語從句的區別the US was un der the試比較:It was rep orted that the US was un der the terrorist attack. As was rep orted terrorist attack.(2)常見用it作形式主語的復合句結構A. It is +

7、名詞+從句It is a fact that事實是It is good n ews that疋好消息It is a questio n that是個問題是常識It is com mon kno wledge that類似的名詞還有：a Pity ; a wonder ； a good thing ； no wonder ； surprise 等 .例如：It is a mystery to me how it all happe ned.It is com mon kno wledge that the whale is not a fish.It is no surp rise that B

8、ob should have won the game.It ' s a pity that you missed the film.B. It is +形容詞+從句It is n ecessary that有必要It is clear that很清楚It is likely that很可能It is imp orta nt that類似的形容詞還有:重要的是Stran ge; n atural; obvious; true; good; won derful; p ossible;un likely; quite;evide nt; worth-while; surprising;u

9、nu sual; certa in;例如： It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.in teresti ng;astonishing , etc.It was really ast onishing that he refused to talk to you.It is esse ntial that he should be here by the weeke nd.It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this.It is n ecessary that you(should ) m

10、aster the computer.It is imp Orta nt that a stude nt lear n En glish well.It is likely that a hurrica ne will arrive soon.需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為“（should ） +動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語 氣.C. It is +過去分詞+從句It is said that It is rep orted that據說據報道已證明It has bee n p roved thatIt must be p roved that必須指出類似的過去分詞還有:known;

11、 estimated; exp ected; believed; thought; hop ed; no ted;discussed; required;decided; suggested; dema nded; made clear; found out,etc.例如： It is thought that he is the best p layer.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collisi onbetw

12、ee n two stars.It has not bee n made clear whe n the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.D. It seems (happened / appears / doesn ' t matter / makes no differenee / occurred )that It seems that they will win the game.It makes no differe nee whether

13、he will atte nd the meeti ng or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主從練習1.as muchas on e-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A. The estimateB. The estimatedC. They are estimatedD. It is estimated that72.somemammals cameto live in the sea is not know

14、n.A. Which B. SinceC. AlthoughD. How3.wehave achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That4.wealthy does not necessarily mean that a manis greedy.A. For the reason that he is B. Just because he isC. The reason of beingD. That he is5. Althoughhappened

15、 in this developed country sounds like sciencefiction,itcould occur elsewhere inthe world.A. whichB. whatC. howD. it6.she had forgottento take her notebook.A.That occurred to herB. She occurred thatC.Toher that occurredD. It occurred to her that7. Iamsure thatshe saidis wrong.A.whichB. allC. thisD.

16、what8. Welostour wayin theforest,andmadematters worse was that itwas getting dark.A. thatB. whichC. itD. What9.or not is stilluncertain.A.He' s comingB. If heis comingC.That comingD. Whether he' s coming10.It ' she'llbe able to come.A.doubt whetherB. doubtfulC. doubt itD. doubtful wh

17、ether11.he is atwork in the heart of the big city or at homein the quietsuburb,Dick ' s life is tied to machines.A.WhetherB. TillC. IfD. Unless12.he saw both surprisedand frightened him.A.ThatB. WhenC.WhatD. Which13.is warm sunshine.A.What do we all need.B. Whatallwe needC.What weneedD. What wea

18、llneed14.is a pity thathe should feelso upset.A.WhatB. ThatC. HeD. It15.a spoonfulof soil can tell us so muchabout the structure an dearly historyof the moon.A. RemarkableB. Quite remarkablyC. It is remarkablethatD. It is remarkable fact that16.you nomin ate willbe elected.A. Who B. Whom C. Whomever

19、 D. That17.book you borrow must be retur ned with in a week.A. What B. Which C. Whichever D. That ' s18.of us gets home first starts cook ing.A. Who B. Which1.C. Whichever D. Anyone makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever92. It worried her a bit her hair was turni

20、ng grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3.Whe n and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known4.is no reas on for dismiss ing her.A. Because she was a few mi nu tes lateB.Owi ng to a few minu tes lateC.The fact that she was a few minu tes lateD.Bei ng a few

21、mi nu tes late5.Tom liked to eat was differe nt fromA. That that you had expected B. Whatthat you had exp ectedC. That what you had expected D. Whatwhat you had exp ected6.we go swimmi ng every dayus a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.ItBob drives badly.8.lt's un certa in

22、A. thi nks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought thatthe exp erime nt is worth doing.9.A. if B. that C. whether D. howthe boy did n't take medic ine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10.we can't get seems better tha n _we have.11.A. What, what B. What, that

23、 C. That, that D. That, whatyou don't like him is none of my bus in ess.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12.we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.11A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13.is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14.we&#

24、39;ll finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15.he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16.the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17.you come or not is up to you.A. What

25、 B. If C. Why D. Whether18.makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19.team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20. Who is this factorysome foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one21.Is this facto

26、ryyou visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one22.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句 , 它位于主句中的連系動詞之后 . 引導表語從句的詞有從屬連詞 that 、 whether 、whoever, whomever, whichever 等；關系副詞when, where, why, how, however, whe

27、never,wherever 等 .可以接表語從句的連系動詞由be, look, remain, seem 等 .That 引導表語從句時, 在口語中, 間或可以省略 .as though （ if） ；關系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever,15困難是我們資金短缺The trouble is that we are short of money.That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields.當時 , 我就是為什么在新英格蘭用石頭墻而不用

28、柵欄的原因At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow.似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當的字眼來2、由從屬連詞 that, whether引導的表語從句that 在引導表語從句時無詞義,而 whether 有詞義，意為、 是否” .這時主句的主語常常是些抽象名詞 , 如 question (問題 ) , trouble ( 麻煩） , problem （ 問題 ）, result （ 結果 ） ,chance （ 可能性 ） , suggestion建議) , idea ( 想法, reason

29、( 理由 ) 等 . 表語從句對主句主語進行說明、解釋 , 使主語的內容具體化The trouble is （ that ） she has lost his money.麻煩的事是他丟了錢The question is whether we need more ice cream.問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use.問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了 .What she couldn ' tunderstand was that fewer and fewer students s

30、howed interest inher lessons. 我們不能理解越來越少的學生對他的課不感興趣3、由關系代詞引導的表語從句關系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引導表語從句 , 在句中作主語、賓語、表語, 關系代詞不能省略The question is which of us should go.問題是我們哪一個應該去The problem was who could do the work.問題是誰能做這項工作That's what he is worrying a

31、bout.那就是他在擔心的事That's what we should do. 那是我們應該做的4、由關系副詞引導的表語從句Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來 . 就在你原來放的地方I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That' s why I got wet through.我們既沒那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大傘也沒雨衣 , 這是我們淋濕的原因That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year.量糧

32、食的 .那就是他所擔心的That is what he is worried about.5 、由連詞 because, as if/as though等引導的表語從句17It looked as if it was going to snow.看起來好像要下雪了That's because we never thought of it.這是因為我們從未想過此事It seems as if he didn' t know the answer. 好像他不知道答案可以接表語從句的系動詞有： 1：be (being,been,am,is,are,was,were )2: feel

33、, seem , look, appear ,sound,taste , smell3: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run,fall5: prove, turn out系動詞的固定搭配come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild連接詞： that / whether /as if /asthoughif 不引導表語從句 )連接代詞：who / whom / whose / which/ what連接

34、副詞：when / where / why / how /because注：引導表語從句的連詞 that 間或可以省略 .The truth is （ that ） I didn't go there.事實是我沒去那兒考題 1 The traditional view is we sleep because our brain isprogrammed ”to make us do so.A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案 D解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句 充當整個句 如果看不出它是子結構的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思. 因此

35、 , 詞性從句且不充當任何 應選擇可引導名成分的 that.考題 2 You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how 答案 B解析 下劃線處的引導詞引導系動詞 is 后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當地點狀語“ disagree ”屬于不及物動詞I disagree ”本身是完整的主謂結構 ) , 下劃線應填入引導詞where, 表語從句 “ where I disagree”的意思是 “我不同意之處、19我不同意的地方考題 3I drove t

36、o Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where答案解析下劃線處的引導詞引導與系動詞 is 連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當原因狀語，下劃線應填入表示因此”(指因某種原因所造成的結果)的引導詞 why.考題 4she couldn ' t understand wasfewer and fewer studentsshowed interest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. Wha

37、t; because D. Why; that答案 A 解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當賓語特指她所不理解的事情 ， 應填入關系代詞型的引導詞 what ； 第二個下劃線處表示因此”指因某種原因所造成的后果由 why 引導對應的名詞性從句 ) 而不是 為什么指原因、 理由 ，由 because 引導對應的名詞性從句) ， 應填入引導詞why.考題5made the school proud wasmore than 90% of the studentshad been admitted to key universities.A. What; because B.

38、 What; thatC. That; what D. That; because答案 B 解析 第一個下劃線處的引導詞引導主語從句并在該主語從句中充當主語特指令校方驕傲的事情 ， 應選用關系代詞型的引導詞 what ； 第二個下劃線處引導 表語從句表示原因、 理由 ，應由 that 引導對應的名詞性從句' s game?考題 6 Are you still thinking about yesterday Oh ， that ' sA. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I fe

39、el about it D. when I feel excited答案 A解析 A 選項的意思是 “令我感覺激動的事物”； B 選項的意思是 “我覺得激動 的任何事物 ”； C 選項的意思是 “我對它感覺的方式 ”； D 選項的意思是 “令我感覺激 動的時間” .四個選項中A 最適合跟代表game的主語that對應,充當表語從句 ?1 #表語從句與賓語從句的關系不屬于的賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同 .故充當賓語的句子叫賓語從句 ， 充當表語的句子叫表語從句賓語從句1） 對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點 語序 : 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序 ， 即“主語 + 謂語

40、 ”這種形式 . 時態 : 當主句是一般現在時或一般將來時的時候， 從句可以是任何時態 ， 而當主句是一般過去時的時候 ， 從句 ， 從句時態必須是過去時范圍的時態 ， 即（ 一般過 去時 ，過去進行時 ， 過去完成時 ， 過去將來時 ） . 連接詞: 當從句意思完整 ， 主句意思肯定時， 連接詞用 that， 且可以省去 ，當從句意思完整， 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時， 常用 if 或 whether （ 是否 ）， 當從句意思不完整時， 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句， 位于主句系動詞的后面 . 表語從句的引導詞和主語從句的引導詞相同.

41、也是名詞性從句的一種如： What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么時候進的房間The The trouble is that we are short of funds困難是我們缺乏資金This This is what we should do這是我們應當做的That ”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是

42、史密斯先生到了沒有注意：從句中的疑問句用正常語序 ， 即陳述語序 .as as if ， as though ， becau也可用來引導表語從句She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起來好像做了一件大事It It is because you eat too much那是因為你吃得太多了1. The question iswe will have our sports meet next week.表從練習1 25A. thatB. if C. when D. whetherhe was too careless.you left it

43、4 The problem isto take the place of Ted2 The reason why he failed isA. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. ItA. where B. there C. there where D. where thereA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift giv

44、en by us.A. that B. if C. whether D. 不填6. The reason isI missed the bus.A. thatB. when C. why D. what7. That iswe were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8. She lookedshe were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. asD. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it isyou are doing too much.A. why B. when

45、 C. what10. The reason why heD. because' t come ishasn A. because his motherB. because of his mother' s being illis ill C. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11.He was born here.- That ishe likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. why D. how12.That isLu Xun once lived.A. what B. w

46、here C. that D. Why1your father wants to know isgetting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. Thathow youareC. How ； that you areD. Whathow youare2. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. whatB. thatC. howD. why that3. America waswas first calledIndia ”by Columbus.C. what it used to beingD. wh

47、at it was used to be5.he really means ishe disagrees with us.A. What thatB. That whatC. What whatD. That whatA. what B. whereC. the place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longerA. what it used to beB. what it was used to being6. The energy is makes the cells able to

48、 do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. Such1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is thatyou had a few days offA. why B .what C. when D. where2. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrellaI got wet through.A. It ' s the reason B. That' s why C. There' s why D. It' s how3.

49、See the flags on top of the building? That waswe did this morning.A. when B. which C. where D. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterday' s game?-Oh, thatA. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not

50、what he said buthe said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way whichA. thatB. if C. when D. whether2 The reason why he failed ishe was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. Ityou left itA. where B. there C. there where D. where there 4The pro

51、blem is to take theplace of TedA. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can get5. What I want to know ishe likes the gift given by us.A. that B. ifC. whether D. 不填6. The reason isI missed the bus.A. thatB. when C. why D. what7. That iswe were late last time.A. thatB. whenC. whyD. what8. She lookedshe were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though 9. I fell sick!