1、英語演講中的英語語法認(rèn)知         10-08-09 10:50:00     作者：顧瑩華    編輯：studa090420摘要： 隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，演講變得越來越重要。因為演講歸根結(jié)底是一個交流的過程，所以演講者的目的不外乎是要吸引聽眾，讓聽眾明白自己的意思，并使其接受自己的觀點。所以現(xiàn)在的演講，特別是國外的競選演講越來越趨于口語化，因此，演講成了身處非英語環(huán)境的人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的極佳素材。關(guān)鍵詞： 英語；演講；語法 

2、;       0  引言        英語演講是一種極富特色的語言形式，在西方有著悠久的歷史。早在公元前5世紀(jì)左右的古希臘和羅馬時期，由于這些國家的規(guī)模小而且尚以口頭語言為主，人們常常以演講和辯論的方式?jīng)Q定公眾事務(wù)。演講從形式上分，可謂多種多樣。從政治演講到學(xué)校里的講座，從教堂里的傳經(jīng)布道到公司各部門的工作匯報，都是在運用演講這種形式，達(dá)到交流思想的目的。隨著社會的不斷發(fā)展，演講變得越來越重要。因為演講歸根結(jié)底是一個交流的過程，所以演講者的目的不外乎是

3、要吸引聽眾，讓聽眾明白自己的意思，并使其接受自己的觀點。所以現(xiàn)在的演講，特別是國外的競選演講越來越趨于口語化，因此，演講成了身處非英語環(huán)境的人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的極佳素材。        1  從語法上        我們對英語中的人稱代詞的認(rèn)知是通過語法書得知：we是“我們”的意思，you你們，they他們。但在現(xiàn)實生活中這些表示群體的詞到底包括哪些人呢？僅僅依靠語法書上給出的條款很難把如此瑣碎的細(xì)節(jié)涵蓋完整，而且即便書上羅列的很詳細(xì)，在頭腦中也很難有

4、深刻的印象。但從演講中學(xué)習(xí)就不一樣了。        1.1 人稱代詞we的使用        （1）we用來指代一個廣泛的群體，即演講者用其指代他/她認(rèn)為所有與他/她同屬一類的人。這里we的用法是從語法意義上的指示功能來說的。例如:        a. America was targeted for attack because were the brightest beacon f

5、or freedom and opportunity in the world.  (George W. Bush “Statement by the President to the Nation”)        b. Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. (Martin Luther King “I have a

6、 dream”)（2）we用來僅僅指代說話者和聽話人在內(nèi)的群體。例如：        a. Now we have the finest food and equipment, the best spirit, and the best men in the world. You know My god, I actually pity those poor bastards were going up against. (George S Patton “General George S Pattons Address t

7、o His Troops”)        b. We may have started on separate journeys but today, our paths have merged. And we are all heading toward the same destination, united and more ready than ever to win in November and to turn our country around because so much is at stake. (H

8、illary Clinton “Hillary Clintons Farewell Speech”)     10-08-09 10:50:00     作者：顧瑩華    編輯：studa090420        （3）we用來指代不包括聽話人在內(nèi)的群體。        在實際應(yīng)用中，人稱代詞we還可以用來指代不包括聽眾在內(nèi)的群體。這

9、時說話人往往是為了強調(diào)自己一方的立場與觀點而僅僅用其指代演講者自己以及他/她認(rèn)為他/她所能代表的其他人。例如:        a. And I thought that was really cool, and we had a team and we put a team together and they won and they got to fly. (Randy Paush “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)     

10、   b. The key partnerships we build with software developers around the world are central not only to the success of Windows but also to realizing the great possibilities that PC technology provides. (Bill Gate “Bill Gates Keynote Speech”)        1.2 人稱代詞

11、you的使用        （1）you用來指代聽話者, 且僅僅是聽話者。例如：        a. I want to start today by saying how grateful I am to all of you to everyone who poured your hearts and your hopes into this campaign(Hillary Clinton “Hillary Clintons Farewell Spe

12、ech”)        b. What Indira didnt tell you is that this lecture series used to be called the Last Lecture. (Randy Paush “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)        （2）you用來指代包括聽話人在內(nèi)的更廣泛的群體。例如：     

13、60;  a. Youre young, youre educated, and you are the very best China has to offer. My young Chinese friends, I believe in your dreams. I believe that you can achieve them, and I believe you can make a difference, a big difference. All you have to do is just make the commitment. All you have to

14、do is create the action and commit(Arnold Schwarzenegger “Keep Your Dreams A Speech Given BY Governor Schwarzenegger at Tsinghua University”)        （3）you用來指代特定場合的群體。例如：        a. And this thing does parabolic arcs, and at the to

15、p of each arc you get about 25 seconds where youre ballistic and you get about, a rough equivalent of weightlessness for about 25 seconds. (Randy Paush “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)        （4）you表示一種泛指。例如：        a. If

16、 you had one last lecture to give before you died, what would it be? I thought, damn, I finally nailed the venue and they renamed it. (Randy Paush “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)        以上是僅僅從演講中學(xué)習(xí)英語語法，特別是人稱代詞的學(xué)習(xí)的一個簡單分析。 從分析中不難看出演講對形象學(xué)習(xí)英語和實際教學(xué)都有著一定的意義。

17、60;    10-08-09 10:50:00     作者：顧瑩華    編輯：studa090420        （3）we用來指代不包括聽話人在內(nèi)的群體。        在實際應(yīng)用中，人稱代詞we還可以用來指代不包括聽眾在內(nèi)的群體。這時說話人往往是為了強調(diào)自己一方的立場與觀點而僅僅用其指代演講者自己以及他/她認(rèn)為他/她所能代表的其他人。例

18、如:        a. And I thought that was really cool, and we had a team and we put a team together and they won and they got to fly. (Randy Paush “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)        b. The key partnerships we build with so

19、ftware developers around the world are central not only to the success of Windows but also to realizing the great possibilities that PC technology provides. (Bill Gate “Bill Gates Keynote Speech”)        1.2 人稱代詞you的使用        （1）y

20、ou用來指代聽話者, 且僅僅是聽話者。例如：        a. I want to start today by saying how grateful I am to all of you to everyone who poured your hearts and your hopes into this campaign(Hillary Clinton “Hillary Clintons Farewell Speech”)        b. Wh

21、at Indira didnt tell you is that this lecture series used to be called the Last Lecture. (Randy Paush “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams”)        （2）you用來指代包括聽話人在內(nèi)的更廣泛的群體。例如：        a. Youre young, youre educated, and you are

22、 the very best China has to offer. My young Chinese friends, I believe in your dreams. I believe that you can achieve them, and I believe you can make a difference, a big difference. All you have to do is just make the commitment. All you have to do is create the action and commit(Arnold Schwarzenegger “Keep Your Dreams A Speech Given BY Governor Schwarzenegger at Tsinghua University”)