1、Secti onnLan guage Poi nts（I） （Warm-up & Lesson 1）語言基礎自測i.單詞拼寫根據漢語或首字母提示，寫出下列單詞1.At first Sally was frightened of planes，but two years later，flying to othercoun tries on bus in ess is her main bus in ess.2.I must apologise（道歉）for not being able to meet you.3.I have arranged that one of my staff

2、will meet you at the airport.4.The basiccauses are unknown（未知的）,although certain conditionsthat may lead tocan cer have bee n discovered.5.The school has only bee n ope n for sixmon ths,so its too early to evaluate its success.6.Follow the footpath and youll eventually hit the road.7.After all,I cal

3、l some one my cous in if she and I have a com mon ancestor（_祖先）.8.His heroic deeds（行為）were celebrated in every corner of India.9.With in this lecture（演講）I cannot prete nd to deal adequately with dreams.10. Since the roads are very bad,the journey took us a long time.n.拓展詞匯根據詞性和漢語提示，寫出下列單詞3.persuadev

4、t.說服；勸服persuasionn.勸說；說服1.frightenvt.使驚嚇；使害怕宀frightenedadj.受驚的；感到害怕的宀frighteningadj.令人驚恐的，駭人的2.explorevt.探測；探險；探究宀explorern.探險家宀explorationn.探險；探測3.persuadevt.說服；勸服persuasionn.勸說；說服4.apologisevt.道歉apologyn.道歉川.補全短語根據提示補全下列短語1.fill out填寫2.on on es own獨自3.long before很久以前4.set sail啟航5.get into trouble陷

5、入麻煩，陷入困境6.make it to _到達7.in search of尋找，尋求8.accord ing to _根據，依照IV.選詞填空選用上述短語的適當形式填空1.Migrant workers move from city to city in search of work._2.m is always getting into trouble with the law.3.The poet wan ted to wan der those coun tries on his own_.4.Are we late? Do we have eno ugh time to make i

6、t to Bremen today?5.She ran ked her stude nts according to their grades.尋規律、巧記憶v.+- sionTn.in+名詞+ofT復合短語impressi on印象in adva nee of在.之前con clusi on結論in favor of支持expressi on表情in charge of掌管V.經典句式仿寫1.The Viki ngs were the first Europea nsto reach America .北歐海盜是第一批到達美洲的歐洲人。記句式結構不定式作定語仿寫促落實他是世界上第一個獲得兩次

7、諾貝爾獎的人。She was the first pers on in the world to receive two Nobel Prize_.2.Eric set sail once again,this time with 25 ships,of which only 14 made it toGree nland.埃里克再次起航，這次有25艘船（與他同行），但只有14艘到達了格陵蘭島。記句式結構of+關系代詞仿寫促落實這對老夫婦還養了好幾條狗，其中一條是黑色的。They had several dogs，one of which was black3.Biarni was hopin

8、g to join his father who was with Eric,buthe was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land,from where he eventually reachedGreenland.比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父親，但是他被吹離了航線，并且發現自己在一個未知的地方，從那里他最終抵達格陵蘭島。記句式結構find+賓語+賓語補足語仿寫促落實使她驚奇的是她來到了另外的一個世界。To her surprise,she found herself in a different world.4.L

9、eif followed Biarnis direct ions and sailed to what is believed to be thecoastof prese nt-day Can ada.賴伊夫依照比阿尼的指點，航行到據說是現在的加拿大海岸的所在地。記句式結構what引導賓語從句仿寫促落實好的學習者考慮他們擅長什么，他們需要更多地練習什么。Good learnersthink about what they are good at and what they need to practice more.核心要點探究El(教材P8)The Viki ngs were the fi

10、rst Europea ns to reach America_.北歐海盜是第一批到達美洲的歐洲人。【要點提煉】句中不定式短語to reach America作后置定語，修飾the firstEuropea ns。當中心詞是序數詞或被序數詞修飾時，常用不定式(短語)作后置定語。英語中常用不定式作后置定語的情況(1)被修飾詞為序數詞、形容詞最高級或被序數詞、形容詞最高級修飾時；不定代詞something,nothing,little等后常用不定式作定語；(3)扌由象名詞time,way,reason,cha nee,ability,courage,opport unity,wish等后常 用不定

11、式作定語；被修飾詞前有the only,the very,the next等詞對其進行修飾時；(5)表示將要發生的動作時(既有主動形式，也有被動形式)；(6) there be句型中，作主語的名詞后可接不定式作定語。1You are the only pers on to do the job.你是做這項工作的唯一人選。2There is nothing to worry(worry) about.沒什么可擔心的。3Volunteering gives you a chanee to change(change) lives,including your own.志愿者工作給了你改變生活的機會

12、，包括你自己的。（教材P8）They achieved this Iong before Columbus ever set sail.早在哥倫布起航之前，他們就已經到達那里了。【要點提煉】long before Columbus ever set sail是時間狀語從句。long before表示“很久以前”，可將其視為介詞、連詞或副詞。It was long before.過了很久才It was not long before.沒過多久就It will not be long before.要不了多久就會It will be long before.要過很久才It will not be

13、long before the results are announced.要不了多久就會公布結果。It was not long before my mother came back.沒過多久媽媽就回來了。set sail起航（教材P8）ln 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west，there were as many as 10，000 Vikings living in Iceland.公元982年，一個叫埃里克雷德的人決定向西遠航，當時，在冰島上居住的北歐海盜多達10 000人。se

14、t about著手，開始做set off出發，啟程，引起，使（炸彈等）爆炸set out出發，開始做set aside節省，保留set up建立，樹立set dow n寫下，放下set free釋放1Try to set aside some time every day for exercise.每天設法留出點時間鍛煉。2ni set off/out early to avoid the traffic jams.我要早些出發以避免交通擁堵。3They want to set up their own compa ny.他們想成立自己的公司。名師點津set about表示開始做某事”時，后跟

15、動名詞作賓語；set out表示“著手/開始做某事”(教材Ps)Eric set sail once again,this time with 25 ships,of which only 14 made時，后跟不定式作賓語。get into trouble陷入麻煩；陷入困境(教材Ps)According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway,Eric the Red was forced to leave Icelandbecause he had committed a murder,for which he got into trouble根據

16、冰島和挪威的傳說，埃里克雷德因一起謀殺案而被迫離開冰島。(be) in trouble有麻煩，有困難，出事ask/look for trouble自找麻煩，自尋煩惱make trouble(for sb.)（給某人）制造麻煩/搗亂get sb.out of trouble使某人擺脫困境get sb.i nto trouble使某人陷入困境have trouble(i n)do in g/with sth.做某事有困難Many college stude nts have trouble in deali ng(deal) with realities.很多大學生在如何應付現實生活上存在困難。2

17、Do as youre told，or youll be in trouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做，否則你會有麻煩的。3The teacher took the trouble to lear n(learn) all our n ames on the first day.第一天老師就努力地記住我們所有人的名字。(教材P8)He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland.他說服一些人與他一起回到了格陵蘭島。persuade sb.to do sth./into doing sth.說服某人做某事persuade sb.not

18、 to do sth./out of doing sth.說服某人不做某事persuade sb.of sth.使某人信服某事persuade sb.that.使某人相信.How can we persuade him to join/into joining us?怎么說服他參加我們的活動呢？She persuaded her daughter not to smoke(smoke)她說服女兒不要抽煙。He persuaded me of_his hon esty.=He persuaded me that he was hon est.persuadevt.說服；勸說他使我相信他的誠實。m

19、ake it to到達it toGree nland.埃里克再次起航，這次有25艘船（與他同行），但只有14艘到達了格陵蘭島。make it成功；出席，到場;約定時間；成功到達make the most of sth.充分利用某物make out看清；理解；聲稱make up編造，虛構；給. 化妝make up for補償；彌補Deng Yaping was once told she had no tale nt in table tennis and would n ever makeit as_a table tennis player.鄧亞萍曾被告知她沒有打乒乓球的天賦，做一名乒乓球運

20、動員永遠也無法獲得成功。Three doctors and five nu rses made up the medical team.三名醫生和五名護士組成了這個醫療隊。（教材P8）Not long after Eric the Red had Ianded in Greenland，a man called Biarniset sail from Icela ndin search ofErics party.埃里克雷德登上格陵蘭島后不久，一個叫比阿尼的人就從冰島起航尋找埃里克一行人。in the/on es search for尋找search sb./sp.搜身/搜查某個地方searc

21、h sb./sp.for sth.為找某物而搜身（搜查某個地方）search for（=look for）尋找He searched his pockets,but found nothing.他翻遍了自己的口袋，什么也沒有找到。He searched his pockets for his keys.他翻遍了口袋找鑰匙。語境助記The customs were searchi ng for drugs whe nl camethrough the airport.They searchedeverybodys luggage for them, and they searched the m

22、an in front of me from head to foot.我經過機場時，海關人員正在搜查毒品。 他們檢查每個人的行李， 并且把我前面那個人從頭到腳搜了一遍。Biarnis direct ions and sailed to what is believedtobethe coast of prese nt-day Canada賴伊夫依照比阿尼的指點，航行到據說是現在的加拿大海岸的所在地。in search of尋找；尋求（教材P8）Leif followed【要點提煉】what is believed to be the coast of prese nt-day Can ada

23、賓語，由what引導，what在賓語從句中作主語。what作連接代詞的用法:引導名詞性從句的what，可在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。in the end.從句中作賓語)Police have found what appears to be the lost ancient statue.警察找到可能是丟失的古代雕像的物品。(what在賓語從句中作主語)4China is no Ion ger what(=the China that)it used to be.中國再也不是以前的中國了。(what在表語從句中作表語)apologisevi.道歉(美式英語拼寫作apologize ) (

24、教材P9)Mr Johnson apologised for the mistake.約翰遜先生因為他犯的錯誤而道歉。(l)apologise to sb.for (do ing) sth.因為(做)某事而向某人道歉apologyn.道歉make an apology道歉make/offer an apology to sb.for (do ing) sth.因為(做)某事而向某人道歉1I apologised to her for stepp ing on her feet.=I made an apology to her for stepping on her feet.我因踩到她的腳而

25、向她道歉。2I have to apologise to you for my rudeness.為介詞to的(1)具有疑問代詞性質的what，意為什么，什么樣的”。(2)在名詞前表示感嘆的what，意為多么”。(3)具有關系代詞性質的what，意為“.的.”。what在此相當于“the+名詞+that”或者“all that”，既包含了先行詞也包含了關系代詞。I will n ever forgetwhat the experie nee has really taught me.Sacrifices pay off我永遠不會忘做出的犧牲最終得到了回報。(what在賓語Only the n

26、did I recog nizewhat silly mistakes I had made.在那時我才意識到我犯了多么愚蠢的錯誤。(what在賓語從句中作定語)我為我的無禮向你道歉。frighteningadj.令人驚恐的；駭人的(教材Pii5)But it can befrighteningwhen the weather is bad.但是，天氣不好的時候很令人驚恐。(1)frighte nv.使驚恐，使害怕frighte n sb.i nto(out of)do ing sth.嚇得某人（不）做某事(2)frightenedadj.感到害怕的be frighte ned at.（聽到）

27、嚇了一跳be frighte ned of sb./sth.害怕某人/某事They frighte ned the old lady into sig nin g(sig n) the paper.他們恐嚇那位老太太，使她簽了字據。2Dont be frighten ed(frighte n) of making mistakes whe n you speak En glish.講英語時別害怕犯錯誤。名師點津由過去分詞或現在分詞轉化來的形容詞，是分詞形容詞。這些詞已失去了動詞的性質，大多數可被副詞very或too修飾，有的還有比較級和最高級， 故稱為分詞形容詞。v.-ing形式， 意為“令人

28、的”，多指事物；v.-ed形式，意為“感到的”，多用于指人。隨堂效果落實1 .單句語法填空1. He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.2. When he came to life,he found himself tied(tie) to a tree.3.Im thinking of the test tomorrow.Im afraid I cant pass this time.rm sure youll make it_.4. They thought the thunder was very fr

29、ightening(frighten)5. He apologised for not coming(come) to the party.6. Dont let yourself be persuaded into buying(buy) things you dont really want.7. Accord ing to .the weather forecast it will rain tomorrow.8.Creat ing an in terest in what they lear n.9.He made a public apology(apologize) for the

30、 teams performa nee.10.We had trouble persuading (persuade) him to come with us.n.單句改錯1. I have tried my best to do that I can to help him.that what2.It will be three years after these peach trees beg in to bear fruit.after before3.American students had trouble use the chopsticks.useusi ng4.I am gla

31、d we were able to make it the theatre on time.it5.The explorers searched thesource of the river.searched后力口for川.完成句子1.吉姆是第一個被提問的人。Jim is the first pers on to be asked.2.要不了多久，我們就能把這種害蟲消除干凈。It wont be long before we can be rid of the pest altogether.3.很久以前，當生活不同于今天的生活的時候，人們可能更誠實。People were perhaps m

32、ore hon est a long time ago whe n life was very differe nt from what it is today.4.中華文化早在幾千年以前就走向了世界。Chinese culture has made it to the world thousands of years ago.5.他由于遲到而向觀眾致歉。He apologised to the audie nee for being late_.語法專項突破定語從句（n）先觀察原句后自主感悟By around 900AD,there were many places in Northern1

33、.句的先行詞分別Europe where the Vikings chose to live.Eric reached為the place;manyGree nland and discovered that people could live in theplaces，關系副詞都是place where he Ianded.where。Eric set sail once again,this time with 25 ships,of2.句的 先行詞分別which only 14 made it to Greenland.為25 ships;the man,Biarni was the m

34、an with whom Leif discussed his pla ns.關系代詞前均有介詞。精要點撥I.關系副詞引導的定語從句當先行詞在定語從句中作狀語時，通常要用關系副詞引導定語從句。常用的關系副詞有后加towhen, where禾口why。一、關系副詞when1.whe n引導的定語從句的先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞，如time,day,hour,mo nth,year，在從句中作時間狀語。2.when既可以引導限制性定語從句，又可以引導非限制性定語從句。3關系副詞when常可用“介詞which”來代替。Ill never forget the dayswhen we stayed i

35、n the countryside.我永遠忘不了我們在鄉下待過的日子。（when引導限制性定語從句，可用on which代替）In the old days，when our country was not so strong，peasants lived a hard life.在過去，我們的國家還沒有這么富強的時候，農民們過著苦日子。（when引導非限制性定語 從句，可用in which代替）二、關系副詞where1where引導的定語從句的先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞（如place，room，house，spot，school，country等），在從句中作地點狀語。They went i

36、nto the hallwhere the meeting was being held.他們走進正在開會的大廳。2where可以引導非限制性定語從句。Opposite is St.Pauls Church，where you can hear some lovely music.對面是圣保羅大教堂，在那里你可以聽到一些美妙的音樂。3關系副詞where常可用“介詞關系代詞”構成的表示地點的介詞短語代替。Japan is the place where （in which ） earthquakes frequently happen.日本是地震頻繁爆發的地方。The office where

37、（ at which ） he works is not far from here.他工作的辦公室離這兒不遠。4where引導定語從句和狀語從句的區別 引導定語從句時，where是關系副詞，在從句中作地點狀語，其前有表示地點的名詞作先行 詞，從句修飾先行詞； 引導狀語從句時，where是從屬連詞， 從句修飾主句的謂語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點的名詞。Hes got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. （定語從句）他使自己陷入了一種危險的情況，他很可能會

38、失去對飛機的控制。When you read the book，youd better make a markwhere you have questions.（狀語從句）讀這本書的時候，你最好在有疑問的地方做一下標記。三、關系副詞why1why引導的定語從句的先行詞往往是表示原因的名詞，如reason，excuse，explanation，在從句中作原因狀語。2關系副詞why常可用“介詞forwhich”來代替。名師點津why不能引導非限制性定語從句。在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞是 定語從句中作狀語時，應該用for which引導。The reas on why he was abse nt

39、 sounds reas on able.他缺席的原因聽起來很合理。（why引導限制性定語從句，可用for which代替）Can you believe his reasonwhy he did nt attend the meeting yesterday?你能相信他昨天沒來開會的理由嗎？（why引導限制性定語從句，可用for which代替）即時訓練1關系副詞填空1.Betwee n the two parts of the concert is an in terval,whe n the audie nee can buy ice -cream.2.The days are gone

40、 when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.3.They have reached the point where they split up.4.He wrote a letter where he explained what had happened in the accident.5.The reason why he resigned is known to us.6.The reas on that he expla ined is reas on able.n.“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句1.“介詞+

41、which”在定語從句中充當時間、地點、 原因狀語，相當于關系副詞when, where和why。（上面已講述）2.“介詞+which/whom在定語從句中充當目的、方式狀語。This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.這就是我為他買了一部相機的那個飛行員。3.“介詞+which/whom在含有被動語態的定語從句中作狀語，表示動作的執行者。The tiger by which the hare was eaten was still hungry.吃了野兔的那只老虎還是很餓。4.“名詞/數詞+of+which/whom在定語從句中作主語，其中“名詞

42、+of+which/whomreason，關系副詞在=“whose+ 名詞。Yesterday I visited my old friend Li Ping,the children of whom（=whose children）are abroad.昨天我去拜訪了我的老朋友李平，他的孩子在國外。This is the house,the windows of which（=whose windows） face to the south.這就是那座房子，它的窗戶朝南。5.“介詞+whose作定語，修飾其后的名詞。The boss in whose company my father wo

43、rked was a kind person.我父親工作過的那個公司的老板是個和善的人。6.介詞的選取根據定語從句中的謂語動詞與介詞的習慣搭配確定介詞。該動詞與介詞搭配構成動詞短 語。Is this the car for which you paid a high price?這就是你花高價買的車嗎？(pay for sth.)2根據定語從句中的形容詞與介詞的習慣搭配確定介詞。該形容詞與介詞搭配構成形容詞短語。He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.他帶來了讓老板非常滿意的結果。(be satisfied with)3根

44、據先行詞與介詞的習慣搭配確定介詞。先行詞往往是表示時間、地點、原因、方式等的詞，它與介詞之間有一定的聯系。Do you still remember the day on which we met for the first time?你還記得我們第一次見面的日子嗎？(on the day)4根據句子的意思確定介詞。有些句子的先行詞完全一樣，定語從句中的謂語動詞與介詞也 不能構成固定的動詞短語，這時，需要根據句子所要表達的意思選用不同的介詞。This is the pilotwith whom my brother has worked for ten years.這就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飛行員。即時訓練2介詞填空1. He stood near the window through which he could see the small riv