1、1. Alliteration 頭韻2. Allusion 引喻3. Anaphora首語重復法4. antithesis 對偶5. Antonomasia 換稱，代稱6. Chiasmus 交錯法7. Hyperbole 夸張8. Metaphor隱喻，暗喻9. metonymy借喻，轉(zhuǎn)喻10. oxymoron反意法，逆喻11. Repetition 重復，反復12. Paradox 雋語13. Parallelism 排比，平行14. Pun雙關15. Simile 明喻16. Syllepsis一語雙敘法，兼用法17. SynecdocheJl 喻18. transferred epi

2、thet 移就19. Irony 反語Where do we go from hereAntithesisOssie Davis has suggested that maybe the English language should be reconstructed so that teachers will not be forced to teach the Negro child 60 ways to despise himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of inferiority, and the white child 1

3、34 ways to adore himself, and thereby perpetuate his false sense of superiority. (para4)As long as the mind is enslaved, the body can never be free. (para5) Psychological freedomphysical slavery (para5)And one of the great problems of history is that the concepts of love and power have usually been

4、contrasted as opposites - polar opposites-so that love is identified with a resignation of power, and power with a denial of love. (para7) For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) The dark yesterdays of segregated schools will be transformed into bright tomorr

5、ows of quality, integrated education. (para. 25)There will be those moments when the buoyancy of hope will be transformed into the fatigue of despair.(para26) and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows. (para. 27)MetaphorTo upset this cultural homicide, the Negro must rise up with an affirm

6、ation of his own Olympian manhood.(para5)Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weaponagainst the long night of physical slavery.(para5)The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive

7、manhood his own Emancipation Proclamation.(para5)Negroes who have a double disability will have a greater effect on discrimination when they have the additional weapon of cash to use in their struggle. (para13) Personal conflicts among husbands, wives and children will diminish when the unjust measu

8、rement of human worth on the scale of dollars is eliminated .(para14)He who hates does not know God, but he who has love has the key that unlocks the door to the meaning of ultimate reality. (para20)We are called upon to help the discouraged beggars in life's market place.(para21) America will n

9、o longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. (para. 25)Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that (para. 25)shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. (para. 25) slums are cast into the junk heaps of history. (para. 25)There will still be rocky

10、places of frustration and meandering points of bewilderment.(para26)When our days become dreary with low-hovering clouds of despair,(para.27)working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil (para. 27)ChiasmasWhat is needed is a realization that power without love is reckless and abusive, and love

11、 without power is sentimental and anemic. Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love.(para8)It is precisely this collision of immoral power with powerless morality which constitutes the major crisis o

12、f our times.(para9)SimileIt is something like improving the food in the prison while the people remain securely incarcerated behind bars.(para17)justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. (para. 25)Parallel strutureWithout recognizing this we will end up with solution

13、s that don't solve, answers that don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18)For through violence you may murder a murderer but you can't murder.(para19) And I have seen too much hate. I've seen too much hate on the faces of sheriffs in the South. I've seen hate

14、 on the faces of too many Klansmen and too many White Citizens Councilors in the South to want to hate myself, because every time I see it, I know that it does something to their faces and their personalities and I say to myself that hate is too great a burden to bear.(para20)ParadoxWithout recogniz

15、ing this we will end up with solutions that don't solve, answers that don't answer and explanations that don't explain. (para18) a power that is able to make a way out of no way. (para 27)AnaphoraAnd the other thing is that I am concerned about a better world. I'm concerned about jus

16、tice. I'm concerned about brotherhood. I'm concerned about truth. And when one is concerned about these, he can never advocate violence.(para19) So, I conclude by saying again today that we have a task and let us go out with a "divine dissatisfaction." Let us be dissatisfied until

17、America will no longer have a high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. Let us be dissatisfied until the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. Let us be di

18、ssatisfied until those that live on the outskirts of hope are brought into the metropolis of daily security. Let us be dissatisfied until slums are cast into the junk heaps of history, and every family is living in a decent sanitary home. Let us be dissatisfied until the dark yesterdays of segregate

19、d schools will be transformed into bright tomorrows of quality, integrated education. Let us be dissatisfied until integration is not seen as a problem but as an opportunity to participate in the beauty of diversity. Let us be dissatisfied until men and women, however black they may be, will be judg

20、ed on the basis of the content of their character and not on the basis of the color of their skin.Anaphora transferred epithet metaphorAntithesis allusionmetonymy simileAlliterationLet us be dissatisfied. Let us be dissatisfied until every state capitol houses a governor who will do justly, who will

21、 love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. Let us be dissatisfied until from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together. and every man will sit under his

22、own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. Let us be dissatisfied. And men will recognize that out of one blood God made all men to dwell upon the face of the earth. Let us be dissatisfied until that day when nobody will shout "White Power!" - when nobody will shout "Black Power!

23、" - but everybody will talk about God's power and human power.Anaphora transferred epithet metaphorAntithesis allusionmetonymy simileAlliteration allusionWhen our days become dreary with low hovering clouds of despair, and when our nights become darker than a thousand midnights, let us reme

24、mber that there is a creative force in this universe, working to pull down the gigantic mountains of evil, a power that is able to make a way out of no way and transform dark yesterdays into bright tomorrows.MetaphorparadoxantithesisTwo kindsSimile1.It was like a stiff embraceless dance between her

25、and the TV set. (para21 )2.So that the fluffy skirt of her white dress cascaded slowly to the floor like the petals of a large carnation. (para24 )3.I would play after him, the simple scale, the simple chord, and then I just played some nonsense that sounded like a cat running up and down on top of

26、garbage cans. (para 38 )4.He marched stiffly to show me how to make each finger dance up and down, staccato like an obedient little soldier. (para 39 )5.I felt the same way, and it seemed as if everybody were now coming up, like gawkers at the scene of an accident. (para60 )6. It felt like worms and

27、 toads and slimy things crawling out of my chest. (para 73)7.Her face went blank, her mouth closed, her arms went slack, and she backed out the room, stunned, as if she were blowing away like a small brown leaf, thin, brittle, lifeless. (para 76)8. as if she were blowing away like a sm brown leaf, t

28、hin, brittle, lifeless.(para 76)Oxymoron1.She was proudly modest like a proper Chinese child. (para 24 )2.I heard a little boy whisper loudly to his mother. (para 53) Alliteration.Chinatown ' s Littlest Chinese Chess Champion. (42ra )Irony1 .You lucky you don ' t have this problems, said Aun

29、tie Lindo with a sign to my mother. (para 44 )Hyperbole1.And now I realized how many people were in the audience, the whole world it seemed. (para 54)Metaphor1.We could have escaped during intermission. Pride and some strange sense of honor must have anchored my parents to their chairs. (para 55 )Ri

30、dicule1.She took me to a beauty training school in the Mission district and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. (para6 ) SyllepsisThe lid of piano was closed, shutting out the dust, my misery, and her dreams. (para 81)AllusionI was like the Christ chi

31、ld lifted out of the straw manger. (para 9)MetaphorTelegraph, telephone, radio, and television tied together and more intricate knotsbetween (para2).will flatten every cultural crease. (para 4)MetaphorApparently westernization is not a straight road to hell, or to paradise either. (para7)We borrowed

32、 an American box. (para 8)Early on I realized some type of compass to guide me through the wilds ofglobal culture.Metonymyand suggesting that Hollywood be burned. (para 5) to live in a museum while we will have shower that work. (para 6) Antonomasiaat country clubs in Beverly Hills and in apartments

33、 on Manhattan' s Upper West Side. (para 14)Professions for WomenSynecdoche1.I have to admit that instead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher ' s bills. (para 2Metonymy1.No demand was made upon the family purse. (para 1 )2. I have to admit that in

34、stead of spending that sum upon bread and butter, rent, shoes, and stocking, or butcher ' s bills. 2paraMetaphor1 .The image that comes to my mind when I think of this girl is the image of a fisherman lying sunk in dreams on the verge of a deep lake with a rod held out over the water. (para 5 )2

35、.You have won rooms of you own in the house hitherto exclusively owned by men. (para 7 ) Lesson Seven Invisible Man Metaphor1. It took meand much painful boomeranging of my expectations to.(p1)2. A sea of faces, some hostile, some amused, ringed around us (para 7)3. I had suddenly found myself in a

36、dark room filled with poisonouscottonmouths. (para 11)SimileIt was as though I had rolled through a bed of hot coals. (para 44)1 .About eighty-five years separate like the fingers of the hand.(p1)2 .The young children on the wick like the old man ' s breathing.(p2)3 .The hair was yellow like tha

37、t of a circus kewpie doll.(p7)4 . firm and round as the domes of East Indian temples. (para 7)5 . and beads of pearly perspiration glistening like dew (para 7)6 . the smoke of a hundred cigar clinging to her like the thinnest of veils. (para 8)7.In my mind as bright as flame.(para 108 .For in those

38、days like a crisp ginger cookie.(para16)9 . But the blindfold was tight as a thick skin-puckering scab. (para 17)10 .My saliva became like hot bitter glue.(p20)11 .The boys groped about like blind, cautious crabs(p21)12 . testing thsmoke-filled air like the knobbed feelers of hypersensitivesnails. (

39、para. 21)13 . A blow to my head like aijacke-box(p27)14 . A hot, violent force like a wet rat.(p38)15 . some called like a bass-voiced parrot. (para 39)16 . glistening like a circus seal, (para 40)17 .Suddenly I saw twitching like the flesh of a horse stung by manyflies.(p40)18 .I was careful like a

40、 cloud of foul air(p42)19 .Seeing their fingers as a fumbled football (p45)20.I was limp as a dish rag.(p46)21.But still -s- though deaf with cotton in dirty ears.(p55)22. The laugher hung smoke like in the sudden stillness.(p70)3 . Alliteration1. I want you to death and destruction (p2)2. Some of t

41、he other slipping and sliding (p9)4 .Transferred epithet1 .We were asmall with anticipatory sweat (p6)2.But now I of blind terror.(p10)3.He kept coming, bring the rank sharp violence of(p25)5. Irony1 .What powers of endurance ! What enthusiasm!(p55)Simile1. Grasshoppers are everywhere in the tall gr

42、ass, popping up like corn to sting the flesh. (para.1 line 7)2. The land was like iron. (para.8 line 1)3. Her long, black hair, always drawn and，lay upon her shoulders and againsther breast like a shawl. (para. 10 line 10)4. Houses are like sentinels in the plain, old keepers of the weather watch.(para.11 line 1)5. My line of vision was such that the creature filled the moon like a fossil. (para14)Lesson 9 Metaphor1. Winter brings blizzards, hot tornadic winds arise in the spring, and in summerthe prairie is an anvil ' s edge.(para1 line4)2.