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1、1、 一般現在時(一)定義 表示經常性或習慣性的動作,或存在的狀態,還表示主語具備的性格 和能力及客觀真理。 例:I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home . (二)構成 主要用動詞原形表示,當主語是第三人稱單數時,在動詞詞尾加s/es。 (三)句型 1、肯定
2、句:主語+謂語+其他。 She reads English everyday . 2、否定句:主語+dont/doesnt+謂語+其他。 He doesnt get up at 6:30 in the morning . &
3、#160; 3、一般疑問句:Do/Does+主語+V原+其他? Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I dont . 4、 特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+do/does+主語+V原+其他?
4、; What time do you get up every morning ? (四)用法 1、表示經常性或習慣性的動作,或存在的狀態,帶與表示頻率的時間狀語如:often , sometimes, usually, always, everyday year, month), once/twice a week (month, year, etc.), sel
5、dom, on Sunday等連用。 I leave home for school at seven every morning . 2、 表示客觀真理,科學事實、格言警句。 The ear
6、th goes around the sun .地球繞著太陽轉。 Ten minus two is eight.十減二等于八。 3、根據英文語法規定,當主句的謂語動詞是一般將來時,那么時間或條件狀語從句的謂語動詞只能用一般現在時來表示將來要發生的動作。 I'll tell him the news when he
7、;comes back. 他回來時,我將告訴他這個消息。 If you come this afternoon,well have a meeting . 如果你今天下午回來,我們將開會。 4、僅為了描述狀態、性質、特征、能力等等。這里的目的是為了"描述現階段的動作或狀態",其重點"不是強調動作發生的時間、或進行的狀態"。例如: He
8、;can speak five foreign languages .他能說五種外語。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美麗的城市。 (5) 動詞第三人稱單數形式變化規則 1、一般情況下,動詞后直接加-s; 如:help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。 2、以s,x,c
9、h,sh或o結尾的動詞,在詞尾加-es; 如:dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。 3、以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,把y變為i,再加-es; 如:study-studies,fly-flies,carry-carries等。 4、動詞have遇在主語是第三人稱單數時,have改為has, 如:He has an interesting book . 5、動詞be遇有主語是第一人稱單數時,be改為am,遇有主語是第二
10、人稱時,be改為are,遇有主語是第三人稱單數時,be改為is.Exercises:1)用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. I like _ (swim). 2.He _(read) English every
11、 day. 3.We _(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Does he_(like)_(jump) ? 5.Does Nancy_(grow)flowers on Saturday ?6. Why_Tom
12、;absent today ? ( be )7. _you study English at school ? Yes , I_. ( do ) 8. _your sister study English at school ? No , she_ . ( do )2)單項選擇題
13、1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _ tomorrow. A.don't rain B. doesn't rain C. won't rain 2. There _ an English
14、160;film next week. A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be 3. The picture _ nice.
15、; A.looks B.is looked C.look D.is looking 4. She _ down and soon fell asleep. A. live B. lain C. laid D.
16、lay 5. They _ the office at nine yesterday morning. A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to 6. We shall go to Shan
17、ghai on business before you _ back next week. A. will come B. came C. would come D. come 7. Don't smoke until the plane _ off.
18、; A.takes B.took C.was taken D.is take 8. I saw her _ the room this morning. A.to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters 9. the teacher asked us
19、60;_ to school on time. A. to come B.coming C.come D.comes 10. Jim decided _ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England. A. to leav
20、e B. left C. leaving D. Leave二、一般過去時:(一)定義過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態;過去習慣性、經常性的動作、行為。 例:I was born on April 2, 1986. (2) 結構1、 肯定句:主語+動詞過去式+其他。
21、 I was in Beijing yesterday . I went to the beach yesterday . 2、 否定句:主語+wasnt 或werent+其他。
22、60; 主語+didnt + V原+其他。 I wasnt in Beijing yesterday .
23、0; I didnt go to the beach yesterday . 3、 一般疑問句:was/ were+主語+V原+其他? Did +主語+V原+其他? &
24、#160; Were you in Beijing yesterday ? Did you go to the beach yesterday ?
25、 4、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ was/ were+主語+其他? 特殊疑問詞+did+主語+V原+其他? Where were you yesterday ? Where did
26、;you go yesterday ?(三)用法 1、表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間里所發生的動作或情況,常與明確的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday,last week(month,year.)ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of,in 1980等連用。如: At the age of ten ,she began to
27、160;learn to play the piano . 2、表示過去經常發生或反復發生的動作,常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。 When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street . 3、在時間、條件狀語從句中,常用一般過去時態代替過去將來時。&
28、#160; He said he wouldnt go if it rained . (四)動詞過去式的規則變化 1) 一般情況下, 在動詞原形末尾加-ed 如look-looked 2) 結尾是字母e 的動詞加-d, 如 practice-practiced; 3) 結尾是輔音字母+y 的動詞, 變y為i
29、 再加ed, 如study studied; 4) 重讀閉音節結尾, 雙寫動詞尾的輔音字母,再加ed, 如stop stopped.Exercises:1) 用所給單詞的正確形式填空。1. They _ glad to see each other last month.2. Her
30、160;father _ (read) a newspaper last night.3. _ he _ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he _. 三、一般將來時 (一)概念 表示將要發生的動作或存在的狀態。 There will be an English party next Satur
31、day . We will come to see you tomorrow . (二)結構 1、由will +動詞原形構成,其will適用于各種人稱,與主語連在一起時,常常縮寫為ll。變否定句時,只需在will后加not,可縮寫為wont 。在疑問句中,will需提前,構成will+主語+動詞原形的結構。 2、shall+動詞原形(常用于主語為第一人稱) I shall / will not
32、 be free tomorrow .我明天沒空。 3、be going to+動詞原形(打算、準備做某事) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在倫敦度假。 (三)用法 1、表示在將來某個時間將要發生的動作或存在的狀態,常與表示將來的時間狀語,如:tomorrow, next&
33、#160;day(week,month,year), this evening (weekend ), in the future , in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow ,by, soon 等連用、I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week
34、160;. I hope you wont be late next time . 2、當主句為一般現在時,在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引導的時間或條件句中,要用一般現在時表將來。 Ill do it better if the teacher gives me&
35、#160;another chance .Exercises1 There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have
36、0; C. will have D. is going to be 2. -_ you _ free tomorrow? - No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will
37、160; B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be 3. Mother _ me a nice prese
38、nt on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives
39、0; D. give 4. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -_. (不,不要。) A. No, you won't. B. No, you
40、aren't. C. No, please don't. D. No, please. 四、過去將來時 (一)定義 表示過去的某時以后將要發生的動作。但這個"將來"時間絕不會延伸到現在;而僅限于過去時間區域內。由此可以看出,含這個時態的句子常帶一個表示過去某個時間點的狀語。這個狀語或是一個短語,或是一個句子。(2) 構成過去將來時由would
41、, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加動詞原形構成。(三)用法: A)賓語從句或間接引語中; When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當我考慮這件事時,我想知道他們的反應是
42、什么。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我,她第二天要去歐洲旅行。 B)表示過去習慣性的動作; During that period , he would do morning-exercises every
43、60;day. 在那段時間,他每天早鍛煉。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點家務活。C)表示過去情況中的愿望、傾向,多用于否定句。 No matter how difficult the work
44、was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難,他總會堅持不懈地把它干完。 They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會允許發生這樣的事。 選擇填空
45、160; 1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month. A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
46、0;2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China. A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend 3. What did your son say in
47、the letter? -He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day. A. will visit B. has visited
48、60; C. is going to visit D. would visit 4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. A. to
49、come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming 5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year. A. took B. would&
50、#160;take C. takes D. will take 五、現在進行時 (一)結構 由 Be(amisare) 動詞ing 構成。 (二)用法 1、表示說話時刻正在進行的動作及行為,或者包括說話時刻在內的一段時間正在進行的動作。常用時間狀語及標志詞:now( at the moment ) , listen
51、60;, look , this week , this evening , these days 等。 Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room . 2、表示一種漸進的過程。 My
52、160;younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English . 3、與always , all the time , forever等連用,表示說話人某種強烈的情感,如:贊許、批評;喜歡、厭惡等。例如: He is always thinking of others ,
53、 not of himself . (表示贊許)他總是為他人著想,而不為自己。 She is often doing well at school. (表示滿意)她在學校學習挺不錯的。 Are you feeling better today? (表示親切)你今天覺得好一些嗎? One of my
54、0;roommates is constantly leaving things about.(表示不滿)我的一個室友老是亂扔東西。 Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .(表示不喜歡) 有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產品。
55、0;4、表示移位的動詞,如go,come,leave,start,arrive等,其現在進行時可表將來。 She is leaving for Beijing next weak . My friend is coming for dinner . (三)句型 1、肯定句:主語+ be(amisare)
56、60;動詞ing +其他。 I am studying now . 2、否定句:主語+ be +not+動詞ing +其他。 I am not studying now .
57、 3、一般疑問句:Be+主語+動詞ing +其他? Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isnt . 4、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ Be+主語+動詞ing +其他?
58、0; What are you doing now ? (四)動詞的現在分詞形式構成的幾種方法: 1、一般在動詞原形結尾直接加-ing 。 read-reading ,go-going ,visit-visiting 2、以不發音字母e結尾的動詞,去e再加-ing。
59、; live-living, write-writing,make-making,take-taking 3、 以重讀閉音節結尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母的詞,雙寫這個字母再加-ing 。 sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running, put-putting 4、少數幾個以ie結尾的動詞,變ie為y再加-ing。 die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying一.填空題
60、; 1Mr.Zheng _ (read) a book now. 2. The rabbits _ (jump) now. 3. Look ! Tom and John _ (swim). 4. My brother _ (make) a k
61、ite in his room now. 5. Look! The bus _ (stop). 六、過去進行時 (一)結構 由was/were+動詞-ing構成。 (二)用法 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行或發生的動作。動作發生的特指時間常用一個短語或時間狀語從句來表明,如:at this time yesterday,at&
62、#160;7:00 yesterday ,last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引導的時間狀語從句等。 My family were watching TV at this time yesterday . &
63、#160;注意:(1)以when引導的時間狀語從句中,從句動作,主句用過去進行時,表示一個動作發生時,另一個動作正在進行。 When he called me , I was having dinner . (2)以while引導的時間狀語從句中,從句與主句的動作在過去某一時刻同時進行,while常譯為“當的時候,同時”。
64、60; Tom was doing his homework while hie sister was watching TV .填空題 1.I _ cooked a meal when you _ me. a. cooked, were ringing
65、 b. was cooking, rang c. was cooking, were ringing d. cooked, rang 2.He said he _ to draw
66、;a plane on the blackboard at that time. a. tries b. tried c. was trying &
67、#160; d. will try 3.While she _ TV, she _ a sound outside the room. a. was watching, was hearing b.
68、60;watched, was hearing c. watched, heard d. was watching, heard 4.They _ a
69、 football game from 7 to 9 last night. a. were watching b. watch c. watched
70、 d. are watching 5.What book _ you _ when I _ you at four yesterday afternoon? a. did, read, was seeing &
71、#160; b. did, read, saw c. were, reading, saw d. were, reading, was seeing七、現在完成時 (一)含義
72、; 現在完成時用來表示現在之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,但其結果卻和現在有聯系, 也就是說, 動作或狀態發生在過去但它的影響現在還存在。 e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含義是:現在我沒有錢花了。) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:已可以吃飯了。) (2) 結構 助動詞have /h
73、as+動詞過去分詞,主語為第三人稱單數用has,其他人稱用have 。 (三)句型 1、肯定句:主語+have /has+動詞過去分詞+其他。 I have studied English for 5 years . 2、否定句:主語+have
74、0;/has+not +動詞過去分詞+其他。 We havent been there . 3、一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞+其他? Has he eaten that apple ? &
75、#160; 4、特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ have /has +主語+動詞過去分詞+其他? (四)用法 1、現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的、持續到現在的情況,常與for, since連用。 e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.
76、160; I have lived here since 1998. 2、現在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等: e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship
77、. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before.
78、160; Have they found the missing child yet? 3、現在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?
79、60; I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. 4、現在完成時還往往可以同包括現在時間在內的時間狀語連用,如now, up to these
80、160;few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等。 e.g. Peter has written six papers so far. Man has
81、60;now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. 5、現在完成時表示現在之前就已完成的動作, 雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續, 但是有一些現在完成時的句子,在后面加上for+一段時間,則現在完成時的動作就表示延續性。 e.g. Thomas has studied Russian.
82、0;(現在不再學俄語) Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)
83、 6、現在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現在這段時間內重復發生的動作。 e.g. We have had four texts this semester. 現在完成時中的時間狀語: already通常用于肯定句中,意為已經,位于行為動詞之前, be動詞、助動詞之后。有時可放在疑問句句尾,表示驚訝。例如: We
84、60;have already cleaned the classroom. Have you finished it already? yet用于疑問句中表示已經;用于否定句中,表示還(沒)。例如: Has he found his watch yet?他還沒找到他的
85、表嗎? No, not yet. 是, 還沒有。 ever意為曾經,常用于疑問句或否定句中,位于助動詞和過去分詞之間,表示從過去到目前為止的時間。例如: Have you ever been there?你曾經去過那里嗎? Nothing has ever
86、;happened here. 這里未曾發生過什么事。 never意為(曾經)從未、沒有, 是否定副詞,在句中位于助動詞和過去分詞之間。ever與否定詞not連用相當于never。如:I havent ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我從未跟她講過話。 just意為剛剛, 用于現在完成時, 表示行為剛剛過去, 位于助動詞
87、與過去分詞之間。 e.g. He has just come back from school.他剛從學校回來。 just now意為剛才, 表示過去某時, 用于一般過去時, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他剛才從學校回來。 for 和since的用法及區別。for 與一段時間連用,since 與時
88、間點連用。 注意:since 后接過去時的時間狀語或過去時的句子。 e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havent seen her since sh
89、e left Shanghai. I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I have never seen her. have/has gone to、have/has been to
90、;和have/has been in的區別。 have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人還未回來 have/ has been to 曾經去過, 人已經回來了
91、0; have/ has been in 已經在, 常與一段時間連用 e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去過上海。 She has been in
92、160;Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了。 Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青島了嗎?一、單項選擇 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they
93、160;_what's happened to him . . knew . have known . must know .will know 2、 He has _ been to&
94、#160; Shanghai , has he ? . already .never .ever . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _? .
95、 just . ago .before . a moment ago 4、 The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing
96、160; .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even _ .
97、60; . has changed well . changed good . has changed better . changed better 6、 Zhao Lan _already _in this school
98、60;for two years . . was studying . will study . has studied . are studyin
99、g 7、 We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . Knew
100、 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . . will see . have seen . saw .see
101、 9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ? . will they go
102、; . did they go . do they go . have they gone 10、-_ you _ your homework
103、yet ? -Yes . I _ it a moment ago . . Did do finished . Have done finished .
104、160; Have done have finished . will do finish 八、過去完成時 (一)概念 過去完成時表示過去某一時間或某一事件之前已經發生的動作或狀態,即過去的過去。圖示如下: -|- |-|->
105、0; 過去完成 過去 現在 將來 (二)構成 (二)構成1、肯定句:主語
106、+had過去分詞 When we got there, the football match had already started. 2、否定句:主語+had not+過去分詞 He hadnt worked for two years by then. 3、疑問句:had+主語+過去分詞? Had he finished the wo
107、rk by last month? (三)用法 1、過去完成時表示過去某一時刻或者某一動作之前完成的動作或狀態; 句中常用by, before, until, when等詞引導的時間狀語。 e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.
108、60; 2、過去完成時的動詞還可以表示過去某一時刻之前發生的動作或者狀態持續到過去某個時間或者持續下去。例如: Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 3、 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如: She said (that)
109、160;she had never been to Paris. 4、在過去不同時間發生的兩個動作中,發生在先,用過去完成時;發生在后,用一般過去時。例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 5、by the time 直到時候”。指從過去某一點到從句所示的時間為止的一段時間。如:
110、 By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper. 6、表示意向的動詞, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用過去完成時表示 原本,未能。例如: We&
111、#160;had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 單項選擇 1He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been
112、 B. where I had gone C. where had I been D.
113、0;where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done &
114、#160; C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
115、 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learned 4. She _lived here for _ year
116、s. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By
117、the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. Ahad cooked B. cooked C. have coo
118、ked D. was cooked 6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw
119、 C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the
120、160;war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has
121、160;hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old,
122、he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the university C.had completed an university D. had completed university 9.
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