1、翻譯三級筆譯實務 - 工業發展 (Industry)（ 總分： 140.00 ，做題時間： 90 分鐘 ）一、B I /B（總題數：10,分數：20.00）1. We are soberly aware that China remains the world's largest developing country, with a large population, weak economic foundation, uneven development, and challenges of unparalleled magnitude and complexity.（分數： 2.0

2、0 ） 正確答案： () 解析：我們清醒地認識到，中國仍然是世界上最大的發展中國家。中國人口多、底子薄、發展很不平衡， 在發展中遇到的矛盾和問題，無論是規模還是復雜性，都是世所罕見的。2. Britain's largest manufacturing industry is the iron and steel industry and Britain remains one of the world's major steel-producing nations.(分數： 2.00 ) 正確答案： （） 解析：英國最大的制造業是鋼鐵工業，而且英國一直是世界重要鋼鐵生產國之一

3、。3. The unprecedented high-level exchanges between the two sides have given a strong boost to the strategic mutual trust and the overall improvement and growth of the China-US relations. （分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （） 解析：雙方高層接觸之多前所未有，大大增加了兩國戰略互信，推進了中美關系的改善和發展。4. The automobile industry is one of the most impo

4、rtant industries in the world, affecting not only the economy but also the cultures of the world.（分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （） 解析：汽車工業是世界上最重要的工業，它不僅影響世界經濟，也影響世界文化。5. Being the world's fourth largest exporter of medicines, Britain's pharmaceutical industry has some of the world's largest multinati

5、onal research-intensive manufacturers.（分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： () 解析：作為世界第四大藥品出口國，英國制藥業擁有一些世界上最大的跨國研究型生產商。6. Ranked as one of the most important industries in Britain, the motor components industry consists of over 2,000 companies.(分數： 2.00 )8. Bio-medicine production, well-knows as a "Golden Industry

6、" and remaining stagnant for years, was showing vigor of growth.（分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （） 解析：生物制藥，作為“金色產業”多年來一直處于停滯狀態，開始顯示出勃勃生機。9. A sound China-U. S. relationship serves the fundamental interest of the two countries and their people, and the peace, stabilityand development of the Asia-Pacific regio

7、n and the world as well.（分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （）解析：一個良好的中美關系符合兩國和兩國人民的根本利益， 也有利于亞太乃至世界的和平、 穩定與發展。10. China's WTO entry makes it imperative for enterprises to increase their competitive power, and for industries to establish their comparative advantages.（分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （）解析：中國加入 WTO迫切要求企業加強競爭力，確立產業

8、競爭優勢。二、B n /B（總題數：10,分數：20.00）11. 中國是個大國，百分之八十的人口從事農業，但耕地只占土地面積的十分之一，其余為山脈、森林、城 鎮和其他用地。（分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （）解析： China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and ot

9、her uses.12. 此時此刻，通過現代通信手段的奇跡，看到和聽到我們講話的人比整個世界歷史上任何時刻都要多 （分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （）解析： At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are seeing and hearing what we say than on any other occasions in the whole history of the world.13. 從她的文字看來，她是一個親切而慷慨的朋友，又不失敏銳的頭腦和絕佳的幽默感。（分數： 2.00 ）

10、正確答案： （）解析： Her writing revealed her to be a kind and generous friend with a sharp wit and marvellous sense of humour.14. 我是1929年8月17日在阿巴拉契山脈煤礦區中心的肯塔基州出生的，父親叫奧利弗鮑爾斯，母親叫埃達鮑爾斯，我在他們的六個子女中排行老二。（分數： 2.00 ） 正確答案： （）解析： Born on August 17,1929 in Kentucky, in the heart of the Appalachian coal-mining country

11、, I was the second of six children of Oliver and Ida Powers.15. 他的眼睛格外大，卻少了原本該有的那份天真無邪，看著陌生人時尤其顯得老成。 （分數： 2.00 ）正確答案： ()解析： His eyes are too wide yet not as innocent as they should have been, especially when catching sight of strangers.16. 每個人都有各自的長處與缺點，應該互相學習，才能取人之長，補己之短。(分數： 2.00 ) 正確答案： ()解析： Eve

12、ryone has his own strong points as well as his shortcomings. They should learn from each other, so that each can adopt the other's strong points, offset his own weaknesses.17. 他點點頭，喉頭發緊，一句話也說不出來。(分數： 2.00 )正確答案： ()解析： He nodded, unable to say anything through the tightness of his throat.18. 中國執行

13、改革開放政策，爭取在五十到七十年間發展起來。(分數： 2.00 ) 正確答案： ()解析： By pursuing a policy of reform and opening to the outside world, China is striving to become developed within a 50-70 years.19. 另外一些人可以在工廠農村住幾個月，在那里做調查，交朋友。 (分數： 2.00 ) 正確答案： ()解析： Others can stay for a few months in the factories or villages, conducting

14、 investigations and making friends.20. 胡先生背著手，似乎在很有興趣地“欣賞”這幅作品。 (分數： 2.00 ) 正確答案： ()解析： Mr. Hu, with his hands resting behind his back, seemed to be "appreciating" the picture with great interest.三、B川/B(總題數：1,分數：60.00)21. Bobal Industrialization/B Industrialization changed the world. Few p

15、laces on earth have escaped its impact. However, the nature of the impact varies from place to place. Understanding the global consequences of industrialization requires an understanding of how industrialization differed in each place. Industrialization is always initially a regional, not a national

16、, phenomenon as demonstrated by the long industrial lag of the American South. Many other parts of Western Europe plus the United States followed Britain in the early 19th century. A few other European regions - Sweden, Holland, northern Italy - began serious industrialization only at mid-century. T

17、he next big wave of new industrialization, beginning around the 1880s, embraced Russia and Japan. A final round (to present) included the rapid industrialization of the rest of the Pacific Rim (especially South Korea and Taiwan) by the 1960s. Various factors shaped the nature of industrialization in

18、 each place. In Britain, for example, industrialization succeeded when it depended on individual inventors and relatively small companies. It began to lag, however, in the corporate climate of the later 19th century. In contrast, Germany surged forward when industrialization featured larger organiza

19、tions, more impersonal managementstructures, and collaborative research rather than artisan-tinkerers. In Germany, the state wasalso more directly involved in industrialization than in Britain. French industrialization emphasized updated craft products. This reflected not only earlier national speci

20、alties, but also less adequate resources in coal, a factor that held heavy industry back. Furniture workers, for example, used pre-set designs to turn out furniture quickly, but they resented dilutions of their artistic skill. The United States' industrializationdepended on immigrant labor. Unli

21、ke Germany,however, the United States introduced laws that combated businesses big enough to throttle competition, though the impact of these laws was uneven. The United States with its huge market also pioneered the new economic stage of mass consumerism that ultimately had a worldwide impact. The

22、consequences of industrialization are, ultimately, global. By the early 19th century, Europe's factories pushed back more traditional manufacturing in areas like Latin America and India. At the same time, industrial centers sought new food resources and raw materials, prompting these sectors to

23、expand in places like Chile and Brazil. Gradually, however, other societies copied industrialization or at least developed an independent industrial sector. Much of 20th-century world history, in fact, involves efforts by societies like India, China, Iran, or Brazil to reduce their dependence on imp

24、orts and mount a selective export operation through industry.Industrialization's environmental impact has also been international. Industrialization quickly affected local water and air quality around factories. Industrial demands for agricultural products, like robber, caused deforestation and

25、soil changes in places like Brazil. These patterns have accelerated as industrial growth has spread more widely, creating modern issues such as global warming. The world impact of industrialization, in these senses, remains an unfinished story as the 21st century begins. Given the global impact of i

26、ndustrialization, it is increasingly important that we understand its nature and its consequences. Whereas the impact of industrialization is easy to understand on a personal level - how it affects where and how we work or live our lives - it is more difficult to understand its nature on a global le

27、vel, particularly when its global pattern is so complex. History provides a means toward thisunderstanding. By understanding the causes, the variations, and the historic consequences of the Industrial Revolution, we can better understand our present circumstances and, hopefully, shape future industr

28、ializations for the good.（分數： 60.00 ）正確答案： （）解析： B 工業的全球化 /B 工業化改變了整個世界，影響了地球上幾乎每一個角落。然而，這種影 響的性質卻因地而異。要了解工業化的全球性后果，就必須了解各地工業化的差異。 工業化總是發端于某 個地區，而不是整個國家，美國南方的工業長期落后于北方的事實便是明證。 19 世紀初，其它西歐地區和 美國先后步英國后塵， 開始了工業革命。 歐洲的其它地區如瑞典、 荷蘭和意大利北部則遲至 19 世紀中葉才 進入真正的工業革命。 19 世紀 80 年代左右開始的第二波工業革命，卷入了俄羅斯和日本。從20 世紀 60年代

29、起延續至今的最后一波工業革命，則波及了太平洋沿岸的其它地區 （尤其是韓國和臺灣 ） 。 影響各地工 業化性質的因素紛繁復雜。 英國工業化的成功依靠的是發明家們和小公司的力量。 但是在 19 世紀下半葉大 公司形成氣候之后，英國便開始落后了。與此相對照，當更大型的機構、更客觀的管理結構和合作研究取 代了傳統的手工藝人后，德國便迅速崛起了。在德國，政府對工業的干預也比英國更加直接。 法國的工業 革命更為注重手工藝產品的更新換代。這不僅反映在法國早先一些特有的行業上，而且還因為法國相對匱 乏的煤炭儲量阻礙了重工業的發展。家具工人按照預先設計好的圖樣能很快生產出家具，同時又對不能施 展自己的手藝痛恨不

30、已。在美國，工業化的發展依賴的是移民勞工。不過，與德國不同的是，美國用法律 制約了扼殺競爭的大公司，盡管這些法律的影響并不均衡。享有巨大市場的美國，率先進入了大眾消費的 經濟階段，并最終影響了整個世界。 工業化的結果最終必然是全球性的。 19 世紀初，歐洲的工廠把過時 的傳統制造業轉移到拉丁美洲和印度等地區。同時，在工業中心尋求新的食品和原料來源的過程中，智利 和巴西等國的相關產業因而得以發展。 其他非歐洲國家也在仿效歐洲的工業革命，或者至少發展自己獨立 的產業。在 20 世紀的大部分時間，印度、中國、伊朗和巴西等國都在致力于減少對進口產品的依賴，并有 選擇地發展自己的出口工業。工業革命對環境

31、的影響也是國際性的。工廠周圍地區的水和空氣的質量都很 快受到了影響。工業對橡膠等農業產品的需求，導致了巴西等國森林的減少和土壤的變化。隨著工業化的 擴展，這種現象也在變本加厲，從而引起了全球變暖等現代問題。在這些意義上，工業化的全球影響并沒 有隨著 21 世紀的到來而結束。 鑒于上述工業化的全球影響，我們必須盡快了解工業化的本質及其后果。 在個人的層面上，工業化對我們的日常生活的影響自然不難理解，但是，在全球的層面上理清它如此復雜 的本質并非易事。好在歷史為我們提供了理解工業革命的手段。我們可以從工業革命的起因、其不同的形 式及其歷史后果中，更清楚地看到自己所處的環境，并且有望更好地塑造工業化

32、的未來。四、B “/B（總題數：1,分數：40.00）22. B中國加入WTO對國內汽車工業的影響/B中國的汽車工業大致可以分為兩部分：中方獨資公司 和跨國公司控股的中國公司。 中國汽車工業有以下優勢： 首先,中國在 21 世紀將成為世界上最大的消費市 場。其次,中國已建立起完整的汽車工業體系,某些產品已達到20世紀 90年代國際技術水平。再次,某些進口車型已高度本土化。最后，廉價的勞動力是中國戰勝外國競爭者的武器。中國加入WTO各對國內汽車工業產生重大積極影響。第一，加入WTC可以加快汽車市場的發展。第二，加入WTC可以降低用于汽車工業的某些產品的價格。第三，貿易自由化將刺激國際貿易的發展并

33、刺激汽車出口。最后，隨著個人成為 汽車的主力，加入 WTO將加速私有汽車市場的發展。中國加入 WTOk將產生消極影響。第一，來自日本、美國、德國、法國、意大利以及其它國家的大型汽車公司將顯示出他們的優勢并利用其技術、營銷以及運 轉資金方面的優勢。第二，加入WTC后,市場的快速自由化將使中國的汽車制造商的稅收和利潤大幅下跌， 這將迫使汽車制造商解聘許多雇員。 1992 年年末，中國汽車工業在崗人數約為 185 萬人。第三，稅收和利 潤的萎縮將大幅減少政府征自汽車工業的稅收。 1992 年，汽車工業的總產值占全年國內工業總產值的12%。1997年，汽車工業繳納利稅 200億人民幣，占國民生產總值重

34、要部分。進口的減少將造成關稅及其它從國 外進口的汽車相關的產品稅收的顯著下降。最后，一旦跨國公司在中國建立起銷售網絡，他們將能夠在國 內市場上推出許多產品和服務。（分數： 40.00 ） 正確答案： ()解析： BInfluence of China's WTO Accession on Domestic Automotive Industry/B China's automotive industry can be roughly divided into two factions: purely Chinese companies and Chinese companies

35、 working under multinational automotive groups. The Chinese automotive industry is strong in several aspects. First, China will become the world's largest consumer of automobiles in the 21st century. Second, China has established a complete automotive industrial system, with some car products re

36、aching international technological levels equivalent to those of the 1990s. Third, some imported models have been highly localized. Finally, cheap labor is a weapon that China can use to fight against foreign competitors. China's WTO entry will have a good deal of positive influence on domestic

37、automotive industry. First, WTO accession may advance the growth of the auto market. Second, entering the WTOmaylower the prices of products used in the automotive industry. Third, trade liberalization will spur the development of international trade and stimulate automobile exports. Finally, the WTO entrance will accelerate the development of the private auto market, as individuals will be the major force behind auto p