1、鑄造機械安全要求GB20905-2007鑄造機械安全要求Safety requirements for foundry machinery前言本標準全文為強制性。本標準由中國機械工業聯合會提出。本標準由全國鑄造機械標準化技術委員會(SAC/TC 186) 歸口。本標準起草單位：秦皇島春光鑄造機械有限公司、濟南鑄造鍛壓機械研究所、天水鑄造機械總廠。本標準主要起草人：姜永錄、盧軍、李建平。本標準首次發布。鑄造機械安全要求1 范圍本標準規定了鑄造機械設計和制造所應遵守的安全要求。本標準適用于鑄造機械( 以下簡稱機器) 。2 規范性引用文件下列文件中的條款通過本標準的引用而成為本標準的條款。凡是注日期

2、的引用文件，其隨后所有的修改單 ( 不包括勘誤的內容) 或修訂版均不適用于本標準，然而，鼓勵根據本標準達成協議的各方研究是否可使用這些文件的最新版本。凡是不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本適用于本標準。GB2893 安全色GB/T3766 液壓系統通用技術條件(GB/T3766-2001 ， eqv ISO4413 ： 1998)GB4053.1 固定式鋼直梯安全技術條件GB4053.2 固定式鋼斜梯安全技木條件GB4053.3 固定式工業防護欄桿安全技術條件GB4053.4 固定式工業鋼平臺GB5083 生產設備安全衛生設計總則GB5226.1-2002 機械安全機械電氣設備第 1 部分：通用技

3、術條件(IEC60204-1 ： 2000， IDT)GB6222 工業企業煤氣安全規程GB/T7932 氣動系統通用技術條件(GB/T7932-2003 ， ISO4414:1998， IDT)GB9969.1 工業產品使用說明書總則GB/T13306 標牌GB/T15706.1 機械安全基本概念與設計通則第 1 部分：基本術語、方法學GB/T15706.2-1995 機械安全基本概念與設計通則第 2部分：技術原則與規范3 一般要求3.1 機器及零部件的設計結構應符合GB5083和GB/T15706.1、GB/T15706.2及本標準規定的要求。3.2 機器外露零部件包括安裝在機器上的附屬裝

4、置應符合安全要求。3.3 機器工作時，如存在因加工材料、碎塊(材料、模具破裂) 、彈丸、制件或液體等從機器中飛出或濺出而發生危險的情況，則應采取相應的提示防護措施或設置透明的防護罩、隔板等，其強度應能承受可以預料的負荷。3.4 機器應根據自身的結構特點和工藝對象及操作方式設置相應的安全防護裝置和阻擋裝置。reliable.SongLinXi ang LiuJia pi ng elementaryschool MIn orderto e nsure normalteaSchoolst udents reportmajor._LI.-_I - - -participate i nthe cel e

5、brations,achi ng or der, protecti ng student s' healt hy growth, ensuring t hat nati onal(pr operty)is not lost,topreventorminimizetheoccurre nce ofsafety acci dent s,followt he"preve nt, rescueea ch othe r, ensure safetyand re ducelosses"pri nci ple,a ccordi ng to thel ocalconditi ons

6、, maket hemanageme ntsystem. 1,t hepri nci pal ist heresponsi bilityofschoolsafety,schoolse curity underthe lea dership ofPresi dent securityw orklea dinggroup. The head tea chertothe l eadershipteam i s responsiblaccide ntwithi n a n hour ofeducation;st udentruna nd disa ppeara nces to re port; re

7、port ofthe a cci dentto awritte n reportin tri plicate,a correcti onal ce ntre, apoli cestation,a t ownshi p pe opl e's Governme ntshallnot concealthe accide nt.4 week,tea chersare on dutysystem, esta blish andimprove the lea dershipval ues;strengt hen t he e ducation,manageme nt of teaching act

8、ivities inschool s to e nsure normalteachingorder; responsi bleforschool safetyleader shpi alwaysmai ntaineheschool r ules and reg ulations, on time, on time home t o preve ntaccide nts.8,schoolto school inspe ctions ona reg ularbasis,found hi ddeni ntime,and in severe cases,it is hardtoswella s par

9、ticipatingin othersocial work,arch2016 songLin Xwithout approvalin XiangoftheCorrecti onal CentreLiuJia pi ngprimary schoolfire safetysystems toenha,school pri nci pals cs conse nt,withoutorganization. Without theapprovalofreleva ntdepartments, mayorganize studentstopartici pate infirefighting,disas

10、terreliefand son. 7, schoolsshouldeducate students to obeyton time home t ohol eschool.Accoro preve ntaccide nts.8,schooltoding to therequirements oftheFireServiceschool inspe ctionssAct,sothateveryone haona reg ularbasis,found hiddeni ntime,and ins ofkeepi ng fire controlsafety,efor,impl ementation

11、 ofthe accountability system. 2,school monthlystudentknowle dge aboutsafetyeducation,educationshoulddcl ose contacta nd distri ctpolice stations,ca nvassi ng supportfrom thepolicestation on schoolsafetyand help.5,stre ngthe ning teliminate immediatelyprotecti ng fire contr olfacilities,fire preventi

12、on,reports offireclosed, andreportedtothe local people's Government,educati on,and ruleof lawse ction. 9,the schoolbediver sifiedin t t ea chers 'moral eshoul d alwayshdeucfoatriomne,veesrtyasafety beldcheckthe inter naety education forst udentsofcla sses perwe ek shoul d be targeted.To carr

13、yblish ade dicatedlov e,improvi ng e ducation quality, observe the students 'psynalwalls, retaining walls, ponds, raili ngs, handrails, doors,on emerge ncyi ssue sdealing wit h educati on inGe neral,self-hel pand mutualre scue knowle dge. Emergencycall chologicalchange s at anytime a ndtake prev

14、entivemeasure s,nocorporalpuni shme ntandcovertcorporalpunishment. _| . ILJI .1 _ _ LI L. .L . 1.1 -IWindows,stair case sand avariety ofsports,extracurris (such as 110,119,122,120, and so on) use common sense in e ducation.3,t heestablishme ntof majora ccidentre porti ng system.on students,st udento

15、ut ofthe classroom, schools maynot be.6, units or de partments usestudent Street pr opagandatelyrepair anddemolitionto e nsure thatteachersand students work,learn, live ve nues andfacilitiesare safeanschools,to masterproperusage, payattentindst ovesafetydistanceof1.5meters,topreventaccidents. 13,the

16、 ashe d,untilinvestigatedforlegalresponsibility.Song Lii angLiu Jia pi ngelementary schoolLiuJia pi ngeleme ntaryschool,pine slopessurroundingsafety managementsystem 1 teachers and students,t hesurrounding areaoftheschoolgov erna nce covers personala nd foodhygiene , culturaleventsand ot heraspects,

17、integrated governa nceshall obtai n widesupport andfullcooperationofthe community.Onthesurrounding environment in schoolsshouldbe cl ose lymonit ored.2, schoolworkatthesametime,shoul dpay attentit he safety managementofschoolenvironme nt,should takethe initiative tocheron dutywith theexception of in

18、specti onsin school s,should alpayattention toenvironme ntal inspe ctionsne arthe campus, foundthatthejoble ss migrantsfrom ruralares,forexample,harassmentofstudentsand avariety ofaccide nts,accor ding t odifferentsituations reported schoolofficialsorthe police stationi na timely manner,toprote ctth

19、e safetyofstude nts.4,every day before school,teachers remind students, payattenti on to traffic safety. 5,shoul deducateBurea u in chargeofse curit y. 2,ea ch a ctivityshoul d haveaspecificresponsibility, payattentionto t heper sons age,physicalmatch. Route 3,activities,location,fieldsurveysshould

20、be carriestudentsto re spectsocialet hics,and variousregulati ons,maintaid outi nadva nce. 4,activities fort he means oftransportshoulning publi cor der,a ndfightt heba dguys,and graspthecorre ctways and means ofmaintaining andimprovi ng student s 'self-car e abilitd explai nthe situationtothe s

21、choolto compl ywith vehicl e,safetyr equir ements, before theli neforrepairs.5,each activitymusthave sey. 6,t he establishme ntofemergency rescueteamscurit y,emergency responsepla nforaccideofteachers in school s, on hig h alertand de ploye d.Song Li n Xia ng Li u Jia pi ng elementary schoolMarch 20

22、16songLi nXia ng Li uJiapi ng primaryschool tea, picnics,hiki ng, picni cto pay attenti on tofire preve ntion, food poisoning ,preventi on offallaccidents 7,t heactivitie s near therivers,reservoirs,nomeasurechersand student sorgani zationsout ofsafetymanagementsysor do notmeetthe securityrequiremen

23、tsoftheOrganistem organizati on a ctivities betwee nteachers andstudentzationa nd notletstude ntsintot he watersto reviewthe programmeofa ctivitiesagreed upon Corre ctionalCe nter agreedto imple ment.Organization to thefield relativelyfar oractivities rputyDire ctorofthe E ducationnts. 6,3.5 機器的重要零部

24、件必要時應進行探傷檢查。3.6 機器的氣動系統應符合GB/T7932中有關安全的要求。3.7 機器的液壓系統應符合GB/T3766中有關安全的要求。3.8 機器的電氣系統應符合GB5226.1的規定。3.9 機器的結構及各零、部件應有足夠的強度、剛度及穩定性。在按規定條件制造，安裝、儲運和使用時，不應對人員造成危險。3.10 當動力或控制信號中斷時，制動、夾緊、提升或下降等動作應保證處于安全狀態。4 安全防護裝置的要求4.1 總的裝配原則機器應根據其自身的結構特點和操作方式，對工作危險區至少配置一種合適的安全防護裝置，下列情況可除外：機器作往復運動的工作部件行程小于6mm勺；機器配置有專用送料

25、裝置的；設置安全防護裝置不能減少風險的。4.2 防護裝置4.2.1 防護裝置的種類防護裝置分為固定式防護裝置、活動式防護裝置、可調式防護裝置、聯鎖式防護裝置、帶防護鎖定的聯鎖式防護裝置、可控防護裝置等。4.2.2 對防護裝置的要求防護裝置應符合GB/T15706.2-1995 中 4.2 的規定。4.3 安全裝置4.3.1 安全裝置分為雙手操縱裝置（ 如雙手按鈕） 和自動停機裝置（如光線式安全裝置） 等。4.3.2 雙手按鈕應符合本標準5.5 規定。4.3.3 光線式安全裝置應符合有關標準的規定。5 對操作機構的要求5.1 手動操作機構使用應靈活方便，并有可靠的定位裝置。5.2 有多種工作規范

26、的機器，其工作規范的選擇開關應采用帶鑰匙鎖定的，也可對各工作規范分別采用帶鑰匙鎖定的轉換開關。5.3 機器在單次工作行程時，每次行程工作部件應停止在設計規定的停止點，即使繼續壓著起動按鈕，工作部件也不應出現下次行程。5.4 操作機構及按鈕的結構和安裝位置應防止集存砂子、液體等。5.5 雙手操縱按鈕5.5.1 對用單手操作可能發生危險的機器（如起動芯盒向射芯機射砂頭壓緊時） ，或有兩個或兩個以上操作者協同操作的機器，應對每個操作者提供雙手按鈕。5.5.2 雙手操縱時，應把兩個起動按鈕同時按下，操縱系統才能起動工作部件。若先鎖定一個按鈕時，工作部件應不能起動。5.5.3 工作部件作往復運動的機器采

27、用雙手按鈕操縱時，雙手按壓起動按鈕的時間應持續至工作方向行程中手不可能進入工作危險區，過早松開一個或兩個按鈕，工作部件行程應立即停止。5.5.4 雙手操縱按鈕的布置位置應防止由一只手或一只手和肘、膝等部位進行操縱的可能性。5.6 腳踏操縱裝置5.6.1 腳踏操縱與手動操縱應聯鎖。5.6.2 腳踏操縱裝置的腳踏部分的上部及兩側應有防護罩。5.6.3 腳踏部分的腳踏處應有防滑板或防滑墊。5.6.4 腳踏部分的復位彈簧應采用帶導桿或導套的壓簧。I.I II_ .一. I_ -一一 . - - -I - I.I. . Ill. 1-reliable.SongLinXi ang LiuJia pi ng

28、 elementaryschoolMIn orderto e nsure normalteaSchoolst udents reportmajor._LI.-_I - - -participate i nthe cel ebrations,achi ng or der, protecti ng student s' healt hy growth, ensuring t hat nati onal(pr operty)is not lost,topreventorminimizetheoccurre nce ofsafety acci dent s,followt he"pr

29、eve nt, rescueea ch othe r, ensure safetyand re ducelosses"pri nci ple,a ccordi ng to thel ocalconditi ons, maket hemanageme ntsystem. 1,t hepri nci pal ist heresponsi bilityofschoolsafety, schoolse curity underthe lea dership ofPresi dent securityw orklea dinggroup. The head tea chertothe l ea

30、dershipteam i s responsiblaccide ntwithi n a n hour ofeducation;st udentruna nd disa ppeara nces to re port; re port ofthe a cci dentto awritte n reportin tri plicate,a correcti onal ce ntre, apoli cestation,a t ownshi p pe opl e's Governme ntshallnot concealthe accident.4 week,tea chersare on d

31、utysystem, esta blish andimprove the lea dershipval ues;strengt hen t he e ducation,manageme nt ofteaching activities inschool s to e nsure normalteachingorder; responsi bleforschool safetyleader shpi alwaysmai ntaineheschool r ules and reg ulations, on time, on time home t o preve ntaccide nts.8,sc

32、hoolto school inspe ctions ona reg ularbasis,found hi ddeni ntime,and in severe cases,it is hardtoswella s participatingin othersocial work,arch2016 songwithout approvaloftheCorrecti onal CentreLin Xiang LiuJia pi ngprimary schoolfire safetysystems toenha,school pri nci pals cs conse nt,withoutncefi

33、re safety,organization. Without theprotecti on ofpublic pr opertya ndthe lifeandapprovalofreleva ntdepartments, maypropertysafetyofteachersaorganize studentstopartici pate infirefightindst udents,schoolfire safetyintong,disasterrelief a nd sdevelopion. 7, schoolsshouldeducate students to obeytngthe

34、followingfire safetysystem.1,strengton time home t ohol eschool.Accoro preve ntaccide nts.8,schooltoding to therequirements of theFire Serviceschool inspe ctionssAct,sothateveryone haona reg ularbasis,found hiddeni ntime,and ins ofkeepi ng fire controlsafety,efor,impl ementation ofthe accountability

35、 system. 2,school monthlystudentknowle dge aboutsafetyeducation,educationshouldbediver sifiedin td close contacta nd distri ctpolice stations,ca nvassi ng supportfrom thepolicestation on schoolsafetyand help.5,stre ngthe ning tea chers 'moral eeliminate immediatelyprotecti ng fire contr olfacili

36、ties,fire prevention,reports offireclosed, andreportedtothe local people's Government,educati on,and ruleof lawse ction. 9,the schoolshoul d alwayhdeucfoatriomne,veesrtyasafety beldcheckthe inter naety education forst udentsofcla sses perwe ek shoul d be targeted.To carryblish ade dicatedlov e,i

37、mprovi ng educati on quality, observe the students 'psynalwalls, retaining walls, ponds, raili ngs, handrails, doors,Windows,stair caseon emerge ncyi ssue sdealing wit h educati on inGe neral,self-hel pand mutualre scue knowle dge. Emergencycall chologic alchange s at anytime a ndtake preventive

38、measure s,nocorporalpuni shme ntandcovertcorporalpunishmentsand avariety ofsports,extracurricular a ctivities,fa cilities such as firesafety,infrastructuresecurity, unsafefacs (such as 110,119,122,120, and so on) use common sense in e ducation.3,t heestablishme ntof majora ccidentre porti ng system.

39、on students,st udentout ofthe classroom,schools maynot be.6, units or de partments usestudent Street pr opagandatelyrepair anddemolitionto ensure thatteachersand students work,learn, live ve nues andfacilitiesare safeaLiuJia pi ngeleme ntaryschool,pine slopessurroundingsafety managementsystem 1 teac

40、hers and students,t hesurrounding areaoftheschoolgov erna nce covers personala ndfoodhygiene , culturaleventsand ot heraspects,integrated governa nce shall obtai n widesupport andfullcooperationofthe community.On the surrounding environment in schoolsshouldbe cl ose lymonit ored.2, schoolworkatthesa

41、metime,shoul dpay attentit he safety managementofschoolenvironme nt,should takethe initiative tocontactthe districtpolice station,thevillage Committee,Corre ctiona lCentre,with theexception of inspecti onsin schools,should alpayattention toenvironme ntal inspe ctionsne arthe campus,foundthatthejoble

42、 ss migrantsfrom ruralares,forexample,harassmentofstudents a nd avariety ofaccide nts,accor ding t odifferentsituations reported schoolofficialsorthe police stationi na timely manner,toprote ctthe safetyofstude nts.4,every day before school,teachers remind students, payattenti on to traffic safety.

43、5,shoul deducateBurea u in chargeofse curit y. 2,ea ch a ctivityshoul d haveaspecificresponsibility, payattentionto t heper sons age,physicalmatch. Route 3,activities,location,fieldsurveysshould be carriestudentstore spectsocialet hics,and variousregulati ons,maintai ning publi cor der,a ndfightt he

44、ba dguys,and graspthecorre ctways and means ofmaintainid outi nadva nce. 4, activities fort he means oftransportshoul d explai nthe situationtothe schoolto compl ywith vehicl e,safetyrequir ements, before theliy. 6,t he establishme ntofemergency rescueteamscurit y,emergency responsepla nforaccideoft

45、eachers in school s, on hig h alertand de ploye d.Song Li n Xia ng Li u Jia pi ng elementary schoolMarch 2016songLi nXia ng Li uJiapi ng primaryschool teachersand student, picnics,hiki ng, picni cto pay attenti on tofire preve ntion, food poisoning ,preventi on offallaccidents 7,t heactivitie s near

46、 therivers,reservoirs,nomeasure sor do notmeetthesorgani zationsout ofsafetymanagementsysecurityrequirementsoftheOrganistem organizati on a ctivities betwee nteachers andstudentzationa nd notletstude ntsintot he waterctivitiesagreed upon Corre ctionalCe nter agreedto imple ment.Organization to thefi

47、eld relativelyfar oractivities reputyDire ctorofthe E ducationnts. 6,5.7 對自動線和自動控制的單機，根據需要設有在突然斷電或發生故障時，能進行手動移動運動部件的操縱器件（ 如手柄，手輪等） 。5.8 對于同時動作會發生危險的運動部件，其控制機構應互鎖。5.9 操縱力5.9.1 對于經常使用（ 包括單次行程工作規范） 的手柄及腳踏開關的操縱力不應大于40N。5.9.2 對于不經常使用的手柄，操縱桿和手輪上的力，每班使用的次數不超過10 次的不應大于150N；每班使用次數不超過25 次的不應大于80N。5.9.3 機器液壓系統

48、的操縱力應符合GB/T3766的規定。5.10 緊急停止機構5.10.1 機器上應設置緊急停止機構（如按鈕、手柄等），但緊急停止機構不能減小風險的機器除外。5.10.2 緊急停止機構應設置在操作者或者需要操縱它的人員易于接近且無操作危險的位置。5.10.3 由多人協同操作的機器，每個操作點都應設置緊急停止機構。5.10.4 緊急停止機構應保證在任何操作規范下都能停止機器的工作，但不應斷開若中斷其工作可能引起事故的夾緊裝置、制動裝置或其他裝置。5.10.5 緊急停止機構應能自鎖，其操作件的顏色應為紅色，如果操作件后面有村托色，則該襯托色應為黃色。按鈕操作開關的操作件應為掌撳式或蘑菇頭式的。5.1

49、0.6 緊急停止機構被重調前應保證機器不能操作起動。5.11 操作按鈕的顏色應符合GB5226.1-2002 中 10.2.1 的規定。6 對運動部件的要求6.1 人員易觸及并有可能造成傷害的運動零部件，應安裝安全防護裝置，如因工藝需要不可能安裝安全防護裝置時，應在運動零部件端部涂以45supo/sup 斜度的同樣寬度黃、黑相間的線條，線條寬度為20mm50m m根據需要亦可只涂黃色。6.2 要求單方向旋轉的電動機應在明顯的位置標出運動方向的箭頭。6.3 電動激振器的偏心塊應牢固安裝在軸上，并應帶有罩蓋。6.4 對于有翻轉或擺動的機器，其翻轉或擺動機構動作區域應圍起，如特殊情況不能圍起時，翻轉

50、或擺動機構端部表面應按6.1 規定涂漆，并應裝有明顯的標示機構動作范圍的標牌。6.5 回轉臺應有回轉定位器，并應有明顯的警示標記。7 對制動保險裝置的要求7.1 在機器開動需要進行調整時，如果可能造成傷害，則機器上應設有可靠的保險裝置。7.2 需要指明壓力、溫度、電流等的機器或機構，應裝有指示儀表，并能使操作者明顯看到。7.3 用手移動的部件，應設有防止掉落的防護措施，并應在機器使用說明書中寫明。7.4 帶有罩蓋的運動部件，應有開蓋停止運動的聯鎖裝置（如拋砂機拋頭、拋丸器拋頭等） 。否則應裝有指明開蓋危險的標牌或切斷傳動裝置后才允許將其打開的說明。8 對夾緊裝量的要求8.1 夾緊或合模閉鎖裝置

51、應設有能保證被夾工裝完全關閉密合后才能執行下一操作（如射砂或澆注） 的聯鎖裝置或控制裝置，并保證不會在工作過程中張開，防止噴砂或金屬液噴濺和外溢。8.2 夾緊裝置應裝有能保證被夾工裝（芯盒、金屬鑄型等） 容腔 （包括與其相連的壓力腔） 內的壓力未完全降低時或未達到工藝時限時不應打開的聯鎖或控制裝置。8.3 夾緊裝置在遇到工作過程中突然停電及氣壓、液壓系統的壓力下降時，應能可靠地處于夾持狀態，否則應設置安全防護裝置。9 對液壓、氣動裝置及管路和壓力容器的要求9.1 氣動、液壓系統的壓力表應安裝在操作人員容易觀察到的地方，對氣壓、液壓的突然失壓或中斷應有保護措施和必要的信號顯示。9.2 液壓系統中

52、應裝備防止液壓超載的安全裝置。 1 一.ng andimprovi ng student s 'self-car e abilit neforrepairs.5,each activitymusthave se.,w,u-1 . _ III _ I I I _ |_nschools,to masterproperusage, payattentiow nship gover nment, business management andotherdepartments too a goodjob manag I _ - I-ement.3, tea cheron duty 一 _ LIn

53、 orderto e nsure normaltea chi ng or der, protecti ng student s' healt hy growth, ensuring t hat nati onal(pr operty)is not lost,topreventorminimizetheoccurrenceofsafetyacci dent s,followt he"preve nt, rescueea ch othe r, ensure safetyand re ducelosses"pri nci ple,a ccordi ng to thel o

54、calconditi ons, maket hemanageme ntsystem. 1,t hepri nci pal ist heresponsi bilityofschoolsafety,schoolse curity underthe lea dership ofPresi dent securityw orklea dinggroup. The head tea chertothe l eadershipteam i s responsibl efor,impl ementation ofthe accountability system. 2,school monthlystude

55、ntknowledgeaboutsafetyeducation,educationshouldbediversifiedintheformeverysafety educationforst udentsofcla sses perwe ek shoul d be targeted.To carryon emerge ncyi ssue sdealing with educati on inGe neral,self-hel pand mutualre scue knowledge. Emergencycalls (such as 110,119,122,120,and so on) use

56、common sense in e ducation.3,t heestablishme ntof majora ccidentre porti ng system.Schoolst udents reportmajoraccide ntwithi n a n hour ofeducation;st udentruna nd disa ppeara nces to re port; re port ofthe a cci dentto awritte n reportin tri plicate,a correcti onal ce ntre, apoli cestation,a t owns

57、hi p pe opl e's Governme ntshallnot concealthe accide nt.4 week,tea chersare on dutysystem, esta blish andimprove the lea dershipval ues;strengt hen t he e ducation,manageme nt of teaching activities inschool s to e nsure normalteachingorder; responsi bleforschool safetyleader shpi alwaysmai ntaine dcl