1、真誠為您提供優質參考資料，若有不當之處，請指正。初二期末總復習課（一）一講解不定代詞的用法：1 指兩者的不定代詞有：both, either, neither。both指兩者都，具有形容詞和名詞的特點， either“兩者中的任意一個，每一個都”，neither指的是“兩者之中無任何一個”，都可以單獨使用，或者后接of+名詞/代詞賓格，需注意的是both 作主語時，謂語動詞用復數形式，而either，neither作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。Both .and .連接兩個平行或者同等的人或物，both 放在be動詞，助動詞和情態動詞之后，行為動詞之前。 如：Both girls like d

2、ancing. Both of us want to be singers.-You can come on Saturday or Sunday.-Either day is OK for me ./Neither day is OK for me.Either /Neither of us like singing. We can both sing. We both like English. 2 指三者及其以上的不定代詞有：all, none, all指三者及其以上人或者東西都，謂語動詞用復數，也可以指不可數的東西，相當于everything,謂語動詞用單數。具有形容詞和名詞的特點，n

3、one 指者三者及三者其以上人或者東西的都不, 其后通常接of短語，用作主語時，若指不可數名詞，謂語只能用單數，若指復數名詞， 謂語動詞用單數，復數均可（用單數更加正式）All was destroyed in the big fire大火中一切都毀了。All are present=Everyone is present.大家都出席了。They spent all their money.None of this milk can be used. 這牛奶一點都不能用了。None of the films is are worth seeing. 沒有一部電影值得看。3each 和every

4、 的區別：1）each可用于兩者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，不能用于兩者因此用于兩者時只能用 each，不能用 every。2)each 可用作代詞，形容詞和副詞，可與of 連用，而every 只可用作形容詞作定語，不可與of 連用3）each 強調每一個獨立的個體或個別，而every 強調整體或全部4 few 與 little,a little 與a few ,quite a few 與quite a little的區別。few和a few 后接復數名詞，而little和a little后接不可數名詞。其中few 和 little表示數量很少或幾乎沒有，強調&qu

5、ot;少"，含有否定意義；而a few 和 a little 則表示“一些”數量雖然少但畢竟還有，強調"有"，含有肯定意義。quite a few 和quite a little表示很多，5辨析another ，the other，others的用法another 表示“另一個”，泛指，用于三者及三者以上的范圍the other 表示“另一個”，特指，用于兩者的范圍others 表示“其他人/物”，泛指，在句中可作主語或賓語the others 表示“其他人/物”，特指，在句中可作主語或賓語Could you give me another three apple

6、s?I dont care what others think of me. Some of the students are reading books ,the others are doing their homework6. 復合不定代詞的用法：指物：nothing,something, anything, everything,指人： nobody, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone 等，它們在句中可用作主語、賓語或表語，但不能用作定語。使用時注意三點：1)some和any都表示一些，由some引導的復合不

7、定代詞多用于肯定句，any 表示引導的復合不定代詞多用于否定句，注意在表示請求，建議，邀請的疑問句時，用some引導的復合不定代詞。2) 復合不定代詞做主語時，都看做單數，謂語要用單數3) 復合不定代詞有定語修飾時，定語通常為形容詞或者不定式，需后置7.不定式的否定形式：全部否定和不完全否定1）none,neither ,nobody ,nothing ,no one 在句中表示全部否定沒有人聽他的。Nobody will listen to him. 2)all,both ,every ,each,everyone , everybody,many ,much 與not與not構成部分否定。

8、，not可以放在名詞之前，也可放在謂詞之后。并非每個女孩都喜歡唱歌。Every girl doesnt like singing .=Not every girl lkes singing.二講解反身代詞的用法：（1）作動詞賓語，表示動作為主語自身而做，意為“自己，自身”My sister is old enough to dress herself. (2)有關反身代詞的常考短語：自己穿衣服，保守秘密，玩得開心，自學隨便吃，獨自三講解形容詞和副詞的原級，比較級和最高級的常考考點：1.形容詞和副詞的原級比較：1)as.as.=the same .as. 和。一樣。Lily is as old

9、as Tom.= Lily is the same age as Tom2)not as/so + 形容詞/副詞原級+as 一方在某方面不如另一方= less+形容詞/副詞+thanLily is not as hard-working as me.= Lily is less hardworking than me.2. 形容詞比較級和最高級:1）要注意對應句型，遵循前后一致的原則,比較的對象應當一致。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to ca

10、rry it out.It's hotter in Guangzhou than in Beijing. A woman's heart beats faster than a mans.2）副詞的比較級的用法單獨使用 Try to do （更好）next time. Please speak (更慢些)3) 要注意定冠詞在比較級中的使用,在比較級的句子中出現“of the two”之類的結構時，比較級前也需加定冠詞the。He is （更矮的）of the two boys.Which is （更大的）country, Canada or Australia?4)“比較級+

11、and+比較級”結構，表示“越來越”，多音節詞則要用“more+ and+more+原級”。My English is improving .It is getting 。（越來越好）I am （越來越感興趣）in history.5)“the+比較級，the+比較級”結構，表示“越是就越”。如：The sooner, the better. The （越忙）he is, the （越快樂）he feels.6）“not +比較級+than”表示“一方不如另一方” “no+比較級+than”表示“前者和后者一樣都不，僅僅”I am not taller than you . I am no t

12、aller than you.我的英語不如你的好。我的英語和你的一樣的差。7)形容詞和副詞的比較級前可以用以下單詞來修飾：much, far, still，a bit, a little, a lot。This pair of shoes is much cheaper。8) 最高級用于三者或三者以上的比較，其結構是：the+形容詞（副詞）最高級+比較范圍（of/among/in短語）Tom jumps （最遠）of all the students. David is (最努力)among the three brothers.Spring is (最好的季節)in Shanghai.9)用

13、比較級表示“最。” (1)比較級+than any other +cn單數.=the +最高級+ cn單數.，避免將主語含在比較對象中。China is larger than any country in Asia. China is larger than any other country in Asia.(同義句)China isin Asia.(2)nothing /nobody.+比較級+than. =the +最高級+ .Nobody is taller than Tom in our class.= Tom is tallest in our class10)one of +形

14、容詞最高級+名詞復數表示"最之一Shu-How Lin is one of（最受歡迎的）basketball players in the NBA now.11）形容詞，副詞原級與形容詞比較級之間的相互轉換：12）序數詞通常只修飾最高級。Africa is the second largest continent.非洲是第二大洲四講解連詞if，unless,although ,though，so that的用法：1. if 的用法：1）“如果”，if引導條件狀語從句, 主句用一般將來時或主句謂語中含情態動詞(如：can,could,may,might,must,need)時, if引

15、導條件狀語從句用一般現在時表示將來,可以放在主句之前也可以放在之后。If you are late for school ,your teacher will be angry. If it (rain) tomorrow,my father will take me to school in his car.2)“是否”，引導賓語從句，注意：賓語從句的時態要根據實際情況選用時態。I dont know if he will come tomorrow.I dont know if he is moving to Shanghai.句型轉換：在含有if引導的條件狀語從句的復合句中，當主語主句和

16、從句主語均為you時，可轉換為“祈使句，and+簡單句（if 從句為肯定句）”或“祈使句，or +簡單句（if 從句為肯定句）”。You can pass the exam if you work hard.=Work hard ,and you can pass the exam.If you dont hurry up,you will be late again.=Hurry up , or you will be late again2. unless 連詞，“除非，如果不.”，引導條件狀語從句。相當于if引導的表否定含義的條件狀語從句。You cant pass the exam ,

17、unless you study hard.=You cant pass the exam ,if you dont study hard.3. although ,though的用法：1）都作連詞，引導讓步狀從。“雖然.但是”不能與but連用，但可以用yet或still. although 較正式，多用于句首。though多用于非正式場合。在一般情況下，可以互換使用。如：.Although(Though) he is in pool health,(yet) he works hard.=He is in poor health,but he works hard.2）注意以下場合不用alt

18、hough.（1）表示強調時要用even though=even if，如：. Even though he feels tired,he is still working on.（2）though 可用于倒裝句中，though引導的讓步狀語從句必須表語或狀語提前（名詞、形容詞、副詞、分詞、實義動詞提前）。如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Young though he is, he is quite experienced.(3)though 可作副詞，表示“然而”，放在句末或其它位置。 如：

19、he said he won't come;he didn't,though.4.so that. “以便，為了”,在此引導目的狀語從句，可與in order that 互換，從句謂語中常用情態動詞may,might,can,could ,should,would. 另外也可以與in order to 轉換。He got up early so that (in order that) he could catch the first bus in the morning.=He got up early in order to catch the first bus in t

20、he morning.不定代詞練習題1.( )-Which would you like to drink ,coffee or orange juice?-.Please give me a cup of tea.A.All B.None C.Either D.Neither2. ( )-Which would you like,rice or noodle?s- is ok.Im hungry. A.All B.None C.Either D.Neither3. ( )- We have two bedrooms ,but of is big enough for six people t

21、o live in. A.all B.none C.either D.neither4. (   )-What do you think of the film So Young directed by Zhao Wei? -There is _ exciting and I dont like it at all.A.somsthing B.anything C.everything D.nothing 5. (   )I don't want this shirt. Please show me _.A .others B .the othe

22、rs C .another D .the other6. (   )Whatever you do , _is difficult if you put your heart into it .A.somsthing B.anything C.everything D.nothing 7. (   ) -How many students are there in the classroom?- _.They are all on the playground .A. No one B.None C.Nobody D.Everyone8. ( 

23、  ) Are you _ from America?- No,none of us .A.both B. all C. neither D. either 9. (   ) -What kind of house would you like ? -Id like _ with a garden in front of _ .A.it ;one B.one ;it C.one ,one D.that ;it10. (   )She gave me three books last week and promised to bring _ on

24、 Wednesday.A.other B. the other C. one D.the others11. (   )Though he was always finding excuses of one sort or _ for his being absent from work ,none of us would believe him. A.others B. the other C.another D.some other12. (   ) Jane was asked a lot of questions ,but she didnt a

25、nswer _ of them.A.other B.any C.none D.some 反身代詞的練習題That old man likes to go fishing alone.(改為同義句)That old man likes to go fishing 。My uncle teaches himself English .(改為同義句) My uncle English .如果人們有問題，他們不應該存在心里。If people have ,they shouldt . He enjoys at the party.A.hisself B.himself C.himselves D.th

26、emselves形容詞和副詞練習題一用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.The hotel has _(bad)service in town.2. I have _(many) books ,and Lily has _ (many) books than me. Tom has _(many) books among three of us.3.Paris is one of _(beautiful) city in the world.4. Could you help us to carry _(heavy) bag ?Well carry the other two.5.The Yangtz

27、e River is the third _(large )river in the world.二根據漢語意思完成句子。1.你越有越多的朋友，就會覺得越快樂。The _ friends you have ,the _you will be .2.黃河是中國第二大長河。The Yellow River is _ _ _river in China.3.我們的國家日益強大。Our country is getting _ _ _.4.頤和園是中國最漂亮的公園之一。The Summer Palace is one of _ _ _ _ in China.三句型轉換。1.He is taller than any other student in his class.（改為同義句）He is _ _ student in his class。2.Nobody is more creative than Jim.( 改為同義句）Jim is _ _ _ of all.3.I think Lily is the most careful girl.（改為否定句）I _ _ _ _ the most careful girl