1、專題一：名詞考點：1.名詞的分類2.名詞的數3.名詞所有格一名詞的定義：名詞是指人、地點、事物、行為、品質、抽象概念、感情等的名稱的詞。二名詞的分類：1）.專有名詞：表示人、地方、事物、機構、組織等名稱的詞。第一個字母一般要大寫。如Lucy 、Beijing、China、the Great Wall、the Yellow River，Einstein，UK，US等2 ).普通名詞: 三：名詞的數：可數: 能以數目來計算 不可數: 不能用數字來計算1.可數名詞的數1）.可數名詞變復數的規則變化：情況構成方法例詞一般情況加-scapcaps; dogdogs; bikebikes; driverd

2、rivers以字母s, sh, ch, x等結尾加-esbusbuses; wishwishes; watchwatches; boxboxes以輔音字母+y結尾變y為i再+es ladyladies; centurycenturies; familyfamilies; storystories以元音字母+y結尾直接+sdaydays; boyboys; keykeys以f或fe結尾一般變f, fe為v，再加-esleafleaves; lifelives; halfhalves; knifeknives以o結尾有生命力的+es tomatotomatoes; heroheroes; pota

3、topotatoes;無生命力的+sradioradios; zoozoos;，photophotos; pianopianos2.)不規則變化改變部分字母： ae woman- women 婦女， man- men男人，policeman-polimen警察, fireman-firemen 注意:GermanGermansooee foot-feet腳,  tooth-teeth 牙, goose-geese鵝, 其他: child-children孩子，mouse-mice老鼠 , 單、復數同形： Chinese中國人，Japanese日本人,sheep綿羊

4、,deer鹿,fish魚, people關于“國人”的復數：中、日友好：Chinese-Chinese中國人，Japanese-Japanese日本人英、法聯邦：Englishman-Englishmen, 英國男人 Englishwoman-Englishwomen英國女人;             Frenchman-Frenchmen,  法國男人 Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法國女人;澳、加（真）美: Australian-Australi

5、ans , Canadian- Canadians , American-Americans 2.不可數名詞：（前面不能用a,an等來修飾）到目前為止我們所學的不可數名詞有：液體類(water)：juice(果汁) , tea（茶） , soup（湯） ,milk（牛奶） , cola（可樂） ,coffee（咖啡） ,ice(冰)肉類(meat)：beef（牛肉）,pork（豬肉）,mutton（羊肉）食物類（food)   rice（大米，米飯） ,porridge（粥) ,junk food（垃圾食品）,chocolate（巧克力） ,tofu（豆腐）bread（面包） 抽象名

6、詞類：news（新聞，消息）,information（消息）,money（錢）,advice（建議）,friendship（友誼） ,work（工作）,homework（家庭作業）,housework（家務活）,schoolwork（學業）,help（幫助） ,fun （樂趣）,health（健康）,price （價格），furniture（家具）， sugar（糖），weather（天氣），wealth（財富），trouble（麻煩），traffic（交通），harm（傷害），fruit（水果），progress（進步），time（時間）表材料：wood木材,paper紙,gold 黃金 h

7、air頭發 ink 墨水 不可數名詞計量的表達: 數詞/冠詞+量詞+of+不可數名詞個數單位詞：piece （張、片、塊、條）,容器單位詞：bottle（瓶）,bag（包）,box（盒、箱）, bowl（碗）類別單位詞：kind( 種、類)度量衡單位詞：kilo(千克、公斤) Eg： a piece of paper two bottles of juice a piece of bread two cups of coffee a drop of water a bar of chocolate 注：不可數名詞可以和some，much，little，any，a lot of，plenty o

8、f 連用3.有些名詞既是可數名詞，又是不可數名詞，但意義有所不同。如：work(工作)a work(著作) glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(紙)a paper(報紙；文件；試卷) tea(茶)a tea(一種茶)(表示種類)wood(木頭)a wood(小樹林) room(空間)a room(房間)chicken(雞肉)a chicken(小雞) light(光，光線)a light(電燈)fish(魚肉)fishes(各種各樣的魚) exercise(鍛煉，運動)exercises(習題)life(生活)lives(生命) orange(橘子汁)an orange(橘子

9、)time(時間)times(倍，次數) hand(幫助)a hand(手)4. 復合名詞的復數形式有兩種(1)將主體詞變為復數，如：sister­in­lawsisters­in­law(嫂子) boy classmateboy classmates(2)將復合詞中兩個詞都變為復數，此種復合詞中第一個詞須是man或woman，如：man workermen workers woman teacherwomen teachers5特殊情況(1)有些名詞只有復數形式，如： clothes，shorts，pants，scissors(剪刀)，goods，gl

10、asses(眼鏡)(2)有些名詞以s結尾，但不是復數形式，如： news，maths，physics，politics四名詞所有格：表示“的”:一般在名詞后加  s 構成。 如：Jims mother 吉姆的媽媽   My  teachers desk 我老師的桌子  the dogs name那狗的名字若以S結尾詞，則在S后加  .如：the  boys 那些男孩的。表示幾個人共同的東西，只在最后一個人后加 . 如：Lucy and Lilys mother 。    Lucy和Li

11、ly的媽媽（兩人是姐妹）表示幾個人都分別有的東西，則每個都加 . 如：Lucys  and  Lilys  mothers .  Lucy 的媽媽和Lily的媽媽（兩人不是姐妹）一般用.of.結構來表示無生命的名詞所有格： 如：the door of the room 房間的門  a map of China一 張中國地圖雙重所有格例：a friend of my fathers, a classmate of mine of所有格與雙重所有格的區別a friend of my uncle (該人與我叔叔是朋友關系)a friend of my

12、 uncles (該人是我叔叔朋友中的一個, 完全等同于 one of my uncles friends)(7)有些指時間、距離、重量、價值、國家和城鎮等無生命的名詞，也可以加's構成所有格。如：a week's time 一周的時間 China's population中國的人口 two miles' distance兩英里的距離專題二：代詞考情分析：從近五年考查情況來看，代詞是每年的必考點，每年均考查其中的一個考點，其中不定代詞是重點也是難點，2016年備考時應掌握好代詞各個考點。 要點：1.人稱代詞 2. 物主代詞 3. 反身代詞 4.指示代詞 5.不定

13、代詞 6. 疑問代詞一人稱代詞：1. 人稱代詞的人稱、數和格數格 人稱 單數 復數 主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱 Imeweus第二人稱 youyouyouyou第三人稱 hehimtheythemsheheritit2.人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。動詞前面用主格，動詞或介詞之后用賓格。如: I like table tennis. (作主語)我喜歡打乒乓球。 Do you know him? (作賓語)你認識他嗎? 3.人稱代詞還可作表語，作表語時用賓格。如: Who is knocking at the door? 誰在敲門？ Its me. 是我。 4.一般情況下，

14、多個人稱代詞同時出現的順序是：單數是you，he and I。復數是we，you and they。 二物主代詞：表示所屬關系的代詞叫物主代詞，表示“ 的“. 物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示:數 人稱 類別 單數 負數 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 形容詞性物主代詞 myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞 mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs意思 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我們的 你們的 他(她、它)們的 2.形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。一般情況下形容

15、詞性物主代詞后面接名詞。如: Our teacher is coming to see us. 我們的老師要來看我們了。 3.名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。一般情況下名詞性物主代詞后面不可接名詞。如:Our school is here and theirs is there. (作主語)我們的學校在這里，他們的在那里。 三反身代詞：英語中用來表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”， “我們自己”，“你們自己”，“他們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如下表所示： 人稱數 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數myselfyourselfhim

16、self；herself ; ifself復數ourselvesyourselves themselves1.反身代詞可以在句中作賓語、表語和同位語。 (1)作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。如: He called himself a writer. 他稱自己為作家。 (2)作表語。如: The girl in the news is myself. 新聞里的女孩就是我自己。 (3)作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。如: You should ask the teacher himself. (作賓語同位語)你應該問老師他自己。 2.反身代詞必須要與

17、被指代人在人稱和數上保持一致，意為“某人自己”。如： You can do all the homework by yourself. 你可以自己做所有的家庭作業。 3.反身代詞在實際運用中，可構成很多固定詞組。 teach oneself=learn by oneself自學 enjoy oneself玩得高興 help oneself to 隨便吃 come to oneself 蘇醒過來 lose oneself迷路 dress oneself 自己穿衣服四指示代詞：1.指示代詞包括:this，that，these，those。 (1)this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事

18、物或人，that和those則指時間或空間上較遠的事物或人。如: This is a pen and that is a pencil. 這是一支鋼筆，那是一支鉛筆。 We are busy these days. 這些天我們很忙。 (2)有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如: I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. 我感冒了，這就是我沒有來的原因。 What I want to say is this: pronunciation is very important in learning Engli

19、sh. 我想說的是:學英語時發音非常重要。 (3)有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替。如: TV sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. 在北京生產的電視機和那些在上海生產的一樣好。 (4)this在電話用語中代表自己，that則代表對方。如: Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 你好!我是瑪麗，你是杰克嗎? 五 不定代詞：1.常見的不定代詞有:some, any, one, each, every, no, none, all,

20、 both, either, neither, many, much,a few,a little,other, another, the other等。 2.形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody，nobody, everything, everyone, everybody等不定代詞時，1).形容詞放在不定代詞的后面。如：something important 重要的東西 nothing interesting 沒有有趣的東西 .2) 不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數。3、易混不定代詞辨析 1.） some，any 一些 so

21、me，any都意為“一些”，既可以修飾或代替可數名詞復數，也可以修飾或代替不可數名詞。some常用在肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑問句及條件句中。 練習: I have tea here. I cant see tea. 但在疑問句中，若要表示說話人希望的得到肯定的回答或表示請求，建議時用some，如：Would you like some tea? 2. ) many，much 許多 many，much都表示“許多”的意思，主要用于否定句和疑問句中，在肯定句中多用a lot of，lots of等。many修飾或代替可數名詞的復數，其反義詞是few;而much修飾或代替不可數名詞，其反義詞

22、是little。 練習:I didnt know English people who could speak Chinese. Is there water in the bottle? 3. ) few,a few,little,a little few，a few用來修飾或代替復數可數名詞；little，a little用來修飾或代替不可數名詞；few，little表示否定，意為“很少、幾乎沒有”；a few，a little表示肯定，意為“一些、少許”。 練習: He is now out of work and can earn money. I can speak French.

23、students in this school can speak Japanese. There are still students in the classroom. 4. ) another,other,the other，others和the others的區別 (1)another泛指三者或三者以上中的任何一個，表示“又一(個)，又一些；另外的(人、物)，別的(人、物)”，既可用作形容詞又可用作代詞。 Eg: -What about this T-shirt? -I dont like the color. Please show me another one. (2)other表

24、示“另外的”，常與復數名詞或不可數名詞連用； (3)others泛指別的人或物，是other的復數形式，泛指別的人或物(但不是全部)，不能作定語，some others=( other+復數名詞)“一些另一些” (4)the other表示“兩者中的另一個”，one the other 意為“(兩者中的)一個另一個”。修飾單數名詞意為“(兩者中)另一個”，修飾復數名詞意為“(兩部分中)剩下的,其余的”。練習: We need four people. people may think like that. Some of the questions are hard; are easy. He

25、 has two sons.One is thin and is fat. There are 50 students in my class.30 are boys, are girls. 5. ) none，no one (1)none表示三者或三者以上全部否定，意為“全都不”。none既可指人又可指物，通常后接of短語。none用作主語時，謂語動詞用單復數均可。none常用來回答how many/much的提問。 (2)no one表示三者或三者以上全部否定，與nobody同義,只用來指人，其后一般不跟of短語。no one常用來回答who的提問。 練習: of us want(s) t

26、o go，but we have to. Everyone is here； is away. 6. ) every，each 每一個 (1)every用來指三者或三者以上，側重整體而不指個別，它不能單獨作主語或賓語，只有與名詞連用或構成復合詞時，才能作主語和賓語。every常可用于某些固定搭配中。 (2)each則用來指兩者或兩者以上，側重于個別情況，可作主語、賓語、定語或同位語。作主語時，后接謂語的單數形式，但each作主語同位語時，謂語動詞與主語一致。 練習: He knew by heart word in her letter. He gave an apple to . 7. )

27、all，both (1)all指三者或三者以上“都”。謂語動詞既可以用單數，也可以用作復數。 (2)both表示“兩者都”，常搭配 both and ，謂語動詞常用復數。 練習: of us like Mr.Pope. Lucy and Lily agree with us. 8.） neither，either (1)neither表示“兩者都不”neithernor. (2)either表示“兩個中的任何一個”eitheror作代詞，作主語，謂語動詞用單數；作連詞，連接的并列結構作主語時，謂語動詞就近原則，練習: of the knives is useful of them was in

28、 good health, but both worked very hard 六疑問代詞：疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如: Who is going to come here tomorrow? (作主語)明天誰會來這里? What is that? (作表語)那是什么? Whose handwriting(書法) is better？Whom did you meet there? Which do you like ,spring or summer?模塊一 名詞、代詞專項練習 名詞

29、部分練習(一)、單項選擇1. The restaurant is so popular here. Look, there are so many_ here. A. food B. dish C. people D. waiter2. Mrs Jenny gives us_ on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advicesC. some advice D. an advice3. There     a dictionary and two notebooks on the de

30、sk.A. is B. are C. has D. have 4. The computer on the desk is_. A. twins B. the twins C. the twins D. the twins5. Mrs Black is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers6. It is over_ from Shijiazhuang to Beijing. A. three hours drive B. three hours drive

31、C. three hours drives D. three hours drive7. Today is September 10th. It is _Day. A. TeachersB. Teachers C. the teachers D. Teachers8. Do you know the woman over there? Yes. Shes _aunt. A. Lily and Lucy B. Lilys and Lucys C. Lilys and Lucy D. Lily and Lucys9. After playing football for more than hal

32、f an hour, the students took_ rest. A. a few minutes B. a few minutes C. a little minutes D. a little minutes 10. There are three_ assistants in that_ shop. A. women; shoe B. woman; shoe C. woman; shoes D. women; shoes11. Where are the_? They are playing_ football on the playground. A. boys students

33、; the B. boy students; the C. boy students; × D. boy student; × 12. Bill said they would have_ holiday. A. a two-month B. two-months C. two-monthes D. two-months13. At the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but the_ of the running water. A. shout B. noise C. voice D. sound14. _ are go

34、ing to England for a holiday.A. The Wang B. Wangs C. The Wangs D. The Wangs15. What happened to you this morning? The teacher asked me for my_ when I was late again. A. meaning B. idea C. excuse D. answer16. Oh, there isnt enough_ for us in the lift. No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. floor B. gro

35、und C. room D. place17. Tom regards Nanjing as his second_ because he has been here for over ten years. A. family B. room C. house D. home18. Football is a popular _around the world. A. match B. goal C. game D. play 19. Excuse me, waiter. Were leaving. Can you bring me the_, please? A. money B. note

36、 C. bill D. list20. Once upon a time we Chinese made the first kite. People used kites to send_ to other places, because they didnt have telephones, computers, or even radios. A. languages B. newspapers C. messages D. magazines21. Heilongjiang is in the _of China. A. northeast B. northeastern C. nor

37、thwest D. northwestern 22. Lao She is the _of Tea House(茶館). A. doctor B. actor C. scientist D. writer 23. I want to go to different places, but I dont know the_. A map is helpful, I think. A. price B. way C. time D. ticket24. Thomas Edison never gave up. During his lifetime, he had 1,093_. A. instr

38、uctions B. competitions C. inventions D. injections25. The TV_ on Channel Five are about sports. A. experiences B. performances C. programs D. problems26. Please give me a_ when you get to Beijing. All right. Ill tell you everything when I get there. A. newspaper B. ticket C. present D. ring27. Sorr

39、y, Jane. I took your school bag by_. It doesnt matter. A. hand B. mistake C. bike D. heart28. Brian is so kind that he often gives me a_ when Im in trouble. A. reply B. seat C. hand D. reason 29. We should have_ in ourselves and we will make it if we have a try. A. success B. confidence C. progress

40、D. knowledge 30. His family _ a happy one. A. be B. are C. is D. was(二)、根據所給單詞的正確形式填空：1. Different people may have different _. (idea)2. I often go to work on . (foot)3. I know one of the . (boy)4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass)5. Please give them their . (photo)6. Are there any in the box

41、? (watch)7. There are twelve in a year. (month)8. Would you like some ? (tomato)9. Look at those in the boats! (people)10. Look! The are singing. (woman)11. September 10th is Day. (teacher)12. Jim has some . (knife)13. How much are these ? (vegetable)14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute

42、) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy)代詞部分練習(一)、單項選擇1. There are quite a few old books on the shelf , but _ of them is useful to him . A. bothB. allC. neither D. none2. The Smiths have visited two famous cities . One is in Japan and _ is in China . A. another B. otherC. others D. the

43、other3. Whats in your car ? _ . A. No oneB. NothingC. NobodyD. None4 _ of the two girls is from Beijing . A. AllB. BothC. NoneD. Neither5. Students are usually interested in sports . Some like running ; some like swimming ; _ like ball games . A. the othersB. othersC. the other D. other6. The twins

44、corrected the mistakes on the test papers _ . A. themB. themselvesC. himD. himself7. She always thinks of _ more than herself . A. other B. others C. the other D. the others8. The Greens garden is larger than _ .A. weB. usC. oursD. our9. - What do you think of their school? - Its really beautiful. B

45、ut I dont think their school is as big as _. A. ours B. us C. we D. our10. I dont think it very expensive to buy a family computer here . Really ? Ill buy _ next week . A. itB. thisC. oneD. mine11. the weather in summer here is like _ in Beijing . A. thisB. thatC. itD. its12. _ is my son . Do you li

46、ke to play with _ ? A. You , you B. She , her C. I , me D. He , him13. We dont know _ he is . They say he is much better these days . A. whatB. whoC. howD. where14. Boys , dont touch the machine , or you may hurt _ . A. myselfB. yourselfC. yourselves D. themselves15. We went to travel with some frie

47、nds of _ . A. usB. oursC. ourD. ourselves16 . Friends like you make _ a lot easier to get along in a new place. A. me B. that C. you D. it 17. The doctor advised Elsa strongly that she should take a good rest, but _ didnt help. A. she B. it C. which D. he18.He has several books on the desk, but

48、 _ of them is on history. A. none B. neither C. all D. both19. Betty, help _ to some soup. -Thanks a lot. A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours20. If you cant decide which of the two novels to borrow, why dont you take _? I wont read them this month. A. both B. all C. any D. either21. “Have _ try, you

49、 are so close to the answer,” the teacher encourages the kids. A. the other B. one another C. other D. another22. Can we beat them? -Yes, of course. _ is possible if we try our best. A. Anything B. Nothing C. Something D. None23. Timmy tells me that you have read _ on the Internet. A. something amazing B. anything amazing C. amazed something D. amazed anything24. Im leaving for the exam. Bye-bye