1、 Module 4 Carnival核心單詞1. customn. 風(fēng)俗;習(xí)慣; adj. 定制的,定做的易混辨析custom/practice/habitcustom風(fēng)俗，習(xí)俗。指在一個(gè)國家、民族或者社會(huì)團(tuán)體中公認(rèn)的行為方式，有時(shí)候也指生活習(xí)慣。practice 慣例，做法。habit指一個(gè)人的習(xí)慣，習(xí)性。通常指由于個(gè)人長久反復(fù)形成的習(xí)慣，一旦養(yǎng)成，便難以戒除。Social customs differ form country to country. 社會(huì)風(fēng)俗因國家而異。according to the international practice 根據(jù)國際慣例I have the hab

2、it to get up early. 我有早起的習(xí)慣。2. extend v. 延長；繼續(xù);延伸；伸展（身體的一部分）；給予；提供The headmaster extended our holiday by four days.校長把我們的假期延長了四天。He extended his arms in front of him as if he were praying to God.他向前伸出雙臂，好像在向上帝禱告求助。The platforms extend to a depth over 100 feet under the sea.平臺(tái)延伸到海下100尺的深度。The big tre

3、e that extends out over the small house.那棵大樹伸出了小房子的房頂。聯(lián)想拓展extension n. 擴(kuò)大，延伸，延長extended adj. 延長了的;擴(kuò)展了的易混辨析expand/extend/spread/stretchexpand展開，擴(kuò)大。不僅指尺寸的增加，還可以指范圍和體積的擴(kuò)大。extend伸出，延伸。指空間范圍的擴(kuò)大以及長度、寬度的向外延伸，也可以指時(shí)間的延長。spread伸開，傳播。一般指向四面八方擴(kuò)大傳播的范圍，如：傳播（疾病）、散布（信息）等。stretch伸展，拉長。一般指由曲變直、由短變長的伸展，不是加長。Water expa

4、nds when it freezes. 水結(jié)冰時(shí)會(huì)膨脹。The hot weather extended to October.炎熱的天氣一直持續(xù)到十月份。The fire soon spread to the nearby buildings.火勢不久就波及到了附近的建筑物。The cat stretched out in front of the fireplace.貓?jiān)诨馉t前伸展四肢。3. pretendv.假裝；裝作When his mother asked him to help do housework, he pretended illness. 當(dāng)他媽媽讓他幫著做家務(wù)時(shí)，他假

5、裝生病。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：pretend to do 假裝干某事pretend to be doing假裝正在干某事pretend to have done假裝做了pretend+從句假裝I can only pretend to be strong before you.在你面前我只能裝得很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。We mustnt pretend to know what we dont know. 我們一定不要不懂裝懂。The boy pretended to be sleeping when his mother entered the room.當(dāng)他媽媽走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，那個(gè)男孩假裝正在睡覺。When we ask

6、ed him to have lunch with us, he pretended to have had it. 當(dāng)我們叫他一起吃午飯時(shí)，他假裝吃過了。4. memoryn. 記憶，記憶力I looked at the map to refresh my memory of the road.我看著地圖，想使自己回憶起那條道路。Everything in college will be my great memory in my life forever.大學(xué)里的一切將永遠(yuǎn)是我生命中最美好的回憶。She set up a charitable fund in memory of her f

7、ather. 她設(shè)立了一項(xiàng)慈善基金以紀(jì)念她的父親。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：have a good/bad memory 記憶好/壞in memory of 紀(jì)念from memory 憑記憶聯(lián)想拓展memorize v. 記住memorial adj. 記憶的;紀(jì)念的5. revivevt. 復(fù)興;再興起;再流行These flowers will revive in water. 這些花在水中會(huì)復(fù)活。Shakespeares comedies have recently been revived on the stages. 莎士比亞的喜劇最近在舞臺(tái)上重新上演。Superstitions have rec

8、ently been revived in some parts of the country.迷信最近在國內(nèi)有些地區(qū)又重新流行起來。When your body is tired, a good nights sleep will revive you.當(dāng)你的身體疲憊的時(shí)候，好好睡一覺你就會(huì)恢復(fù)體力。聯(lián)想拓展revival n. 復(fù)興;復(fù)活;蘇醒6. wanderv. 漫步，閑逛，走神She was wandering aimlessly up and down the road. 她在路上漫無目的地溜達(dá)。The boy wandered off and got lost. 那個(gè)男孩迷失了方

9、向，走丟了。The speakers eyes wandered round the whole house.演講者的眼睛環(huán)顧了整個(gè)房屋。You might wander from the subject if you dont pay close attention.如果你不認(rèn)真的話，會(huì)跑題的。There is a small stream wandering through the woods.有一條小溪蜿蜒流過樹林。聯(lián)想拓展wanderer n. 流浪者;漫游者wanderings n. 離題;閑逛；神志恍惚7. transportv. 運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送n. 運(yùn)輸，交通（指交通、運(yùn)輸?shù)慕y(tǒng)稱，不

10、可數(shù)名詞）；交通工具;手段(為不可數(shù)名詞)A special bus transported the tourists from the airport to a hotel.一輛專車把游客們從機(jī)場送到一家旅館。The transport of goods by air costs a lot. 航空運(yùn)輸貨物花費(fèi)很高。My car is being repaired, so Im without transport at the moment. 我的汽車正在維修，所以我現(xiàn)在沒有代步工具。聯(lián)想拓展transportation n. 運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送transportable adj. 可運(yùn)輸?shù)?可運(yùn)送

11、的transporter n. 大型載重運(yùn)輸車重點(diǎn)短語8. dress up喬裝打扮；穿上盛裝I just love the fun of dressing up in ancient clothing.我只是喜歡穿上古裝的那種情趣。The warmongers tried to dress themselves up as “angels of peace”. 戰(zhàn)爭販子企圖把自己打扮成“和平使者”。We are supposed to dress up as movie characters for the party. 我們?cè)谕頃?huì)上要裝扮得像電影中的角色。易混辨析dress/have on

12、/put on/wear/be in+顏色或衣服類名詞dress vt. & vi.既可以表示“穿，戴”的動(dòng)作，也可以表示狀態(tài)。后面的賓語常常是人或反身代詞，不可以用物作賓語。be dressed in意為“穿（衣服）”。have on可表示“穿，戴”的狀態(tài)，但一般不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。put on是指“穿”的動(dòng)作。wear常作vt. (wore, worn)，表示“穿，戴”的狀態(tài)。常與一般時(shí)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，表示狀態(tài)或結(jié)果。還可以指戴手表、首飾、胸章或留長發(fā)、胡子等，常接的賓語有clothes, skirt, hat, shoes, watch, glasses, ring,

13、flower, necklace等。be in+顏色或衣服類名詞，意為“穿著”，表示狀態(tài)。在句中作表語或定語。Mother is dressing her child now.媽媽正在給她的孩子穿衣服。He is dressed in a red sweater today.他今天穿著一件紅色的毛衣。The emperor had nothing on in the middle of the procession. 皇帝什么也沒穿，走在游行隊(duì)伍中間。On New Years Day the children had on their new clothes.孩子們?cè)谛履昴且惶於即┲乱路

14、ut on more clothes.多穿點(diǎn)衣服。He is wearing a red hat. 他正戴著一頂紅色的帽子。Is the girl in the hat？是戴著帽子的那個(gè)姑娘嗎？9. see .as .把看作America is seen as the land of opportunity.美國被看成是機(jī)會(huì)的土壤。Wawu Mountain of Sichuan is seen as the Baimuda Triangle of China.四川的瓦屋山被看作是中國的百慕大三角洲。聯(lián)想拓展表示“把看作，視為”的短語還有：treat .as .; regard .as .;

15、think of .as .; consider .as .; look on .as .etc.We all think of the plan as a perfect one.我們都認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)完美的計(jì)劃。The parents look on their children as the best ones.父母都認(rèn)為自己的孩子是最棒的。10. come to an end結(jié)束；完結(jié)Dont cry because it come to an end, smile because it happened.要學(xué)會(huì)微笑面對(duì)事情的發(fā)生，而不是為事情的結(jié)束而哭泣。The project came

16、 to an end last month.這項(xiàng)工程上個(gè)月就結(jié)束了。After two hours the meeting came to an end.兩個(gè)小時(shí)過去了，會(huì)議終于結(jié)束了。聯(lián)想拓展end to end 首尾相連地；頭對(duì)頭地in the end 最后；終于at the end of 在的盡頭；末尾from beginning to end 從一端到另一端；自始至終bring .to an end 結(jié)束；終止put an end to sth. 結(jié)束；停止某事make ends meet 量入為出，使收支相抵易混辨析come to an end/put an end tocome t

17、o an end結(jié)束；完結(jié)，相當(dāng)于不及物動(dòng)詞，所以不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語一般是物。put an end to sth.結(jié)束某物，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語一般是表示人或者某一組織的名詞。11. consist of由組成；由構(gòu)成,與be made up of和be composed of同義，不可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，也沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Our team consists of 15 members.=Our team is made up of 15 members.我們隊(duì)由15位成員組成。Most people are familiar with the idea that all matt

18、er consist of atoms. 大多數(shù)人熟悉一切物質(zhì)都是由原子組成的這一概念。聯(lián)想拓展consist in 在于；存在于consist with 與一致12. think of 對(duì)有某種看法，常與副詞或副詞短語連用。聯(lián)想拓展think well/ill of認(rèn)為好/不好think much/little of認(rèn)為不錯(cuò)/輕視think highly/lightly of看重/輕；對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)很高/輕視speak highly of 對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)很好speak ill of說的壞話；對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)不高sing high praise for高度贊揚(yáng)have a good/high opinion of sb

19、./sth.對(duì)某人/某事評(píng)價(jià)很高h(yuǎn)ave no opinion of sb./sth. 對(duì)某人/某事評(píng)價(jià)不高I think ill of his behaviour.我認(rèn)為他的行為不好。I dont think much of that new restaurant.我對(duì)那家新飯館評(píng)價(jià)不高。He thought highly of my work. 他對(duì)我的工作評(píng)價(jià)很高。13. take over接管，取而代之；承襲；沿襲，后可以接介詞from。Try not to let the negative thoughts take over.盡量不要讓消極的思想左右（我們）。Johnson too

20、k over the chairmanship of the committee yesterday. 約翰遜昨天接任委員會(huì)主席一職。Romans took over from the Greeks not only their philosophy but their arts.羅馬人不僅承襲了希臘人的哲學(xué)而且還承襲了他們的藝術(shù)。When Mr Green retired, his son took over the business from him. 格林先生退休后，由他的兒子接管他的生意。聯(lián)想拓展take on 呈現(xiàn) take up 拿起;從事take in 吸收;理解;欺騙 take

21、 off 起飛;脫下take away 拿走;帶走 take down 記下;拿下take out 取出;去掉重點(diǎn)句型14. The arrival of Europeans in America, and the opening of huge farms and plantations to grow cotton, fruit and vegetables, meant there was an immediate need for people to work on them. 歐洲人到了美洲,開辟了栽種棉花、水果和蔬菜的大農(nóng)場與大種植園,這意味著急需干活的人手。The arrival

22、 of .and the opening of .vegetables為整個(gè)句子的主語，meant為謂語；there was .on them是賓語從句作賓語。聯(lián)想拓展There was .need for sb. to do sth. 需要某人干某事There is/was .need for sb./sth. 需要某人/某事There is/was no need to do sth. 沒有必要做某事There is/was no time to do sth. 沒有時(shí)間做某事There is/was no doubt to do sth. 毫無疑問做某事Its/It was no wonder that .難怪，怪不得There is no need for primary students to work at their desks all day long.小學(xué)生沒有必要整天在桌前學(xué)習(xí).利用構(gòu)詞法，品句填詞 What _ me most is the _story book, but Tom is not in the places of _. (int