1、高二英語高二英語暑假專題：形容詞和副詞暑假專題：形容詞和副詞一一人教實(shí)驗(yàn)版人教實(shí)驗(yàn)版【本講教育信息本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：暑假專題：形容詞和副詞一學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容一、幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)的語序 當(dāng)同時(shí)用幾個(gè)形容詞來修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，一般可按照以下順序：限定詞描繪性形容詞大小、新舊、式樣顏色產(chǎn)地國(guó)別 作定語的名詞被修飾名詞。如： some lovely chinese children 一些可愛的中國(guó)兒童限定詞描繪性形容詞國(guó)別 a small black leather handbag 一個(gè)小的黑色皮包大小顏色作定語的名詞表示材料a red german sports car 一輛紅色的德國(guó)賽車

2、顏色國(guó)別作定語的名詞表示用途 a small old stone bridge 一座老的小石橋大小新舊作定語的名詞 注意： 限定詞放在最前面，作定語的名詞緊靠被修飾詞；同種類的形容詞，短在前、長(zhǎng)在后，序數(shù)詞放在基數(shù)詞之前。如： the first two books 最初的兩本書但是，這里所講的語序并不是一成不變的。 二、需放在被修飾語之后的形容詞 形容詞作定語，一般放在名詞的前面。但如果被修飾語是由 some, any, every 和 no 構(gòu)成的不定代詞時(shí)，用作定語的形容詞必須放在它所修飾的詞后面，如： there is nothing new in his report. 他的報(bào)告里沒

3、有什么新東西 。 is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情嗎? he told me something very important. 他告訴我一些很重要的事。 there is nothing wrong with him. 他沒有錯(cuò)。 so far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前為止，還沒有重要人物來這兒看過。 注意：英語中有些形容詞一般只能作表語，不能放在名詞前作定語 ，如以 a-開頭的形容詞，afraid, asleep, alone, awake, alive。另外，ill, glad, s

4、orry, sure, well 也不能放在名詞前作定語。 注意： sick患病與 ill 不同，sick 既可以作表語也可以作定語而 ill 那么不能，試比擬：these children are ill/sick. 這些孩子病了。 the nurse is taking care of the sick children. 護(hù)士正在照料患病的孩子們。 不能用 ill另外，在度量衡用語中，形容詞通常放在度量單位之后。例如： im 1.80 metres tall. 我身高 1.80 米。 the room is 32 feet wide. 這間房子有 32 英尺寬。 三、三種要求形容詞作表語

5、的系動(dòng)詞 形容詞除與系動(dòng)詞 be 連用作表語外，還可以與其他一些系動(dòng)詞連用。 1 表示一種特征、狀態(tài)、感覺的系動(dòng)詞，如： appear顯得 ，look看似 ，seem似乎 ，feel覺得 ，taste嘗 ，smell聞 ，sound聽 。the meat tastes good. 這肉味道好。 he doesnt seem happy. 他似乎不快樂。 im not feeling well today. 我今天不舒服。 well 用作形容詞，做表語只能表示身體好 2 表示狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變的系動(dòng)詞，意為“變得、 “變成，如：become, get, grow, turn 等。 its gettingg

6、rowing dark. 天漸漸地黑了。 the hill has turned green. 山變綠了。 3 表示保持某種狀態(tài)的系動(dòng)詞，如：remain仍然是 ，keep保持等。 the problem remains unsolved. 問題仍然未解決。 keep quiet, please! 請(qǐng)安靜! 四、某些以-ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞 英語中有一些以-ly 結(jié)尾的形容詞，不要誤以為是副詞。 deadly 致命的 friendly 友好的 lonely 孤單的 likely 可能的 lovely 可愛的 lively 愉快的 brotherly 兄弟般的 fatherly 父親似的 ugly

7、 難看的 silly 愚蠢的 還有一些與時(shí)間有關(guān)的詞，雖以-ly 結(jié)尾，但既可以用作形容詞又可以用作副詞，如：daily 每日的 weekly 每周一次的 monthly 每月一次的 yearly 每年一次的 五、名詞用作形容詞 1 名詞用來作定語修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞，如： ticket office 售票處 book store 書店 traffic accident 交通事故 table leg 桌子腿 2 名詞用作形容詞修飾另一名詞時(shí)，一般都用單數(shù)形式，而且總是放在被修飾的名詞之前 。如： shoe repairers 修鞋人 ring finger 無名指 wine gl

8、ass 酒杯 cigarette lighter 打火機(jī) 也有一些是例外，如： sports car 賽車 clothes shop 服裝店 arms production 武器生產(chǎn) 注意： 名詞作定語與形容詞作定語意思相差較大。 gold ring 金戒指 golden ring 鍍金金黃色戒指stone wall 石墻 stony heart 鐵石心腸 colour tv set 彩色電視機(jī) colourful life 多彩的生活 六、帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞 當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接時(shí)，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式。主要有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 1 數(shù)詞+名詞。 a three-hour flight 一次三

9、小時(shí)的飛行 a three-pound chicken 一個(gè)重三磅的雞 a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米長(zhǎng)的橋 a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信 2 數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞。 a three-year-old boy 一個(gè)三歲的男孩 a fifty-metre-wide river 一條五十米寬的河七、同形的副詞和形容詞 跑得快快車fastruntrainfast工作努力干活賣力干活賣力的工人。hardworkskerworhard樣樣事情做得對(duì)正確的回答rightngdoeverythianswerright足夠大足夠的食物en

10、oughearglfoodenough工作得晚傍晚lateworkafternoonlatethein來得早一大早earlcomemorningearlythein其他如 straight, wide, high, low 也都能用作形容詞和副詞。例如： he drew a straight line on the paper. 他在紙上劃了一條直線。 he went straight to the room. 他徑直朝那房子走去。 八、具有兩種形式的副詞 英語中有些副詞有兩種形式，但其意義不同。 the station is quite near. 車站就在附近。near 用作形容詞 he

11、lives near. 他就住在附近。near 用作副詞 its nearly nine oclock. 將近九點(diǎn)鐘了。nearly 用作副詞，但其含義是：將近、幾乎 )hard(。.kerworhardaishe。.hardistestthe。hardiscakethe用作形容詞人他是一個(gè)干活賣力的工測(cè)驗(yàn)太難這蛋糕太硬we all work hard. 我們都努力工作。hard 用作副詞 )。hardly(。.skytheincloudahardlywasthere。.youdtanundershardlycani幾乎不意為天空幾乎沒有云彩我不太懂你的意思he is late. 他遲到了。l

12、ate 用作形容詞 he went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡覺。late 用作副詞 have you seen her lately? 你最近看見過她嗎?lately 意為：最近 注意： 除上述幾個(gè)詞外，英語中還有一些具有兩種形式的副詞。如： deep 深-deeply 深深地 high 高-highly 高度地 wide 寬-widely 廣泛地 he jumps higher than i. 他比我跳得高。 he opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把所有的窗戶開得很大，好讓新鮮空

13、氣進(jìn)來。 she is widely known in china. 她在中國(guó)的知名度很高。 九、形容詞比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 1 單音節(jié)形容詞加-er 和-est 構(gòu)成其比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 strong-stronger-the strongest new-newer-the newest 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，須先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-er 和-est。 如：big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，thin-thinner-thinnest。 2 三音節(jié)或三音節(jié)以上的形容詞前加 more 和 most，構(gòu)成其比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)。 interes

14、ting-more interesting-the most interesting important-more important-the most important 3 雙音節(jié)形容詞中，一般以-y,-er,-ow,-ple 等結(jié)尾的詞加-er,-est。 pretty-prettier-the prettiest 漂亮的 clever-cleverer-the cleverest 聰明的 simple-simpler-the simplest 簡(jiǎn)單的 narrow-narrower-the narrowest 狹窄的 常用的詞有：easy容易 ，lazy懶 ，happy快樂的 ，fun

15、ny有趣的 。 4 以-ful,-ing 結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞一般加 more/most。 doubtful-more doubtful-the most doubtful 注意： 英語中，有些雙音節(jié)形容詞可以加 more/most，也可以加-er ，-est 構(gòu)成比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)，常見的詞有：friendly, clever, narrow, common。 十、副詞比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成 1 副詞比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式通常加 more 和 most 構(gòu)成。例如： quickly-more quickly-most quickly slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2 與形容詞

16、同形的副詞，其構(gòu)成方式與相應(yīng)的形容詞相同。例如： fast-faster-fastest hard-harder-hardest early-earlier-earliest 十一、少數(shù)形容詞和副詞的比擬級(jí)、最高級(jí)是不規(guī)那么的。原級(jí)比擬級(jí)最高級(jí)wellgoodbetterbestbadlyillbadworseworstmuchmanymoremostlittlelessleastoldestoldelderoldereldest十二、同等程度比擬的要點(diǎn) 1 asas 之間一定要用形容詞或副詞原形，如： i am as old as you. 我和你年齡一樣大。 tom works as ha

17、rd as mary. 湯姆和瑪麗工作一樣努力。 注意：“asas可用 almost, quite, just, just about, nearly, twice, by no means根本修飾，置于“asas之前。2 so 用以替代第一個(gè) as 時(shí)，只能用于否認(rèn)句，如： john is not as/so clever as jack. 約翰不像杰克那樣聰明。 he doesnt read as/so clearly as she. 他讀得不像她那樣清楚。 she didnt sing as/so well that night as she usually does. 她那天晚上唱得沒

18、有平時(shí)好。3 as much+不可數(shù)名詞+as，而 as many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as。 bob has read as many books as mary. 鮑伯和瑪麗讀了一樣多的書。 there is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. 這瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一樣多。 4as+ adj.+不定冠詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+asgerman is as difficult a language as english. as+ adj.+不可數(shù)名詞+asbread is as important food as rice.【模擬試題模擬試

19、題】1. the modern machine proved _ in heart surgery.a. high valuableb. highly valuable c. valuable high d. valuable highly2. mr. johnson and his _ daughter do not always understand each other.a. older b. the oldest c. eldest d. the eldest3. they _ thought that the truth would be finally discovered.a.

20、little b. not c. small d. bit4. they hardly believe that the apartment which costs them $ 4,000 is _.a. so smallb. such littlec. so little d. such small5. if a claim is kept _, it is more likely to be recognized.a. live b. lived c. alive d. living6. on his way to school he met _, so he sent him to h

21、ospital.a. very ill man b. much sick man c. serious ill mand. very sick man7. she was operated a month ago but now she was _.a. very good b. very wellc. healthy d. good conditioned8. what i would do is to go _.a. really quietly somewhereb. somewhere quietly reallyc. really quiet somewhered. somewher

22、e really quiet9. the chairman asked _ to write their questions on a piece of paper and send them to the front.a. the present members b. the members presently c. the members presentd. the presently members10. the price was very reasonable; i would gladly have paid _ he asked.a. three times much as b.

23、 three times as many as c. as three times much asd. three times as much as11. the trousers are _, but tom does not care a bit.a. too a little small b. a little too small c. a too little small d. a small too little12. she wore a dress to the party that was far more attractive than _.a. other girlsb.

24、that of other girlsc. the other girlsd. those of other girls13. he can play tennis better than _ in the class.a. any boys b. any other boy c. any boy d. any other14. kasia is taking her _ tour of the shops in search of bargains.a. daily b. day c. day time d. night15. _ the child expresses his intere

25、st in an activity, the stronger it will become.a. the more frequentb. the frequenterc. the more frequentlyd. the frequentlier16. wed better wait _ , peter and tom will come very soon.a. a little longer b. more longerc. long d. as longer17. although the medicine tastes _, it seems to help my conditio

26、n.a. bad b. badly c. too much bad d. too badly18. when she got her first month salary, diana bought herself _ dress.a. a cotton , blue expensiveb. an expensive blue, cottonc. a blue, expensive cotton d. a cotton, expensive blue19. the doctors have tried _ to save the life of the wounded soldier.a. e

27、verything possible humanly b. humanly everything possible c. everything humanly possible d. humanly possible everything20. i was worried very much because ill miss my flight if the bus arrives _. a. lately b. late c. laterd. more later21. the noise outside was _ his speech was hardly audible.a. too

28、irritating thatb. so irritating soc. so irritating thatd. so irritating enough that22. the harder the shrub is to grow, _.a. the more higher price it b. the higher price it isc. the higher the price is d. the higher is the price23. the photographs of mars taken by satellite are _ taken from the earth.a. clearest than thoseb. clearer than that c. much clear than those d. much clearer than those24. _ anywhere in the united states