1、春天(chntin)還會遠嗎 ?will it still be far in spring?冬天(dngtin)已經來了,Winter has already come, 第一頁，共46頁。現在(xinzi)完成時態Winter has already come.上一頁第二頁，共46頁。現在(xinzi)完成時的構成形式 have done has助動詞過去分詞上一頁第三頁，共46頁。 陳述句肯定形式(xngsh)。主語+ have/has+ 過去分詞+其它 e.g. I have had lunch. 已經吃過午飯了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 陳述句否

2、定形式(xngsh)。主語+ have/has+ not+過去分詞+ （在助動詞have/has后+not，可縮寫為havent/hasnt） e.g. I havent had lunch. 我還沒吃午飯 He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他還沒有去北京。 現在現在(xinzi)完成時的基完成時的基本句型本句型上一頁第四頁，共46頁。一般疑問句形式及其答語。Have/Has+主語過去分詞（將助動詞have/has提前，句末加問號） 肯定回答：Yes , 主語 have/has. 否定回答：No , 主語 havent/hasnt.Has he gone to Beijing

3、? 他去過北京了嗎？ Yes, he has ./ No, he hasnt.特殊(tsh)疑問句形式。（疑問詞+一般疑問句） 特詞+ have/has+主語過去分詞？ e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？上一頁第五頁，共46頁。用來表示之前已經發生或完成的動作或狀態，而其結果卻和現在有聯系: 動作或狀態發生在過去(guq),但它的影響現在還存在。 They have left. -他們已經離開了。（也就是說現在他們人不在這里） I have had my lunch. -我已經吃過午飯了。（也就是說我現在不餓）現在完成(wn chng)時的含義也可表示持續(chx)到

4、現在的動作或狀態。 He has learned English since 2001. -從2001年開始學的,現在還在繼續學著呢上一頁第六頁，共46頁。nowpastfuture一般(ybn)過去時現在(xinzi)完成時一般過去時表示的是純粹在過去發生的事情現在完成時表示的是在過去某個(mu )時間開始并持續到現在的動作/狀態,或者發生在過去卻對現在造成的影響上一頁第七頁，共46頁。 現在完成(wn chng)時與一般過去時的比較 1）一般過去時表示過去某時發生的動作或單純敘述(xsh)過去的事情，強調動作； 現在完成時為過去發生的，強調過去的事情對現在的影響，強調的是影響。I saw

5、this film yesterday.（強調看的動作發生過了。）I have seen this film. （強調對現在的影響(yngxing)，電影的內容已經知道了。）上一頁第八頁，共46頁。2）一般過去時 常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用; 現在完成時通常(tngchng)與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now, - 具體的時間狀語現在(xinzi)完成時的時間狀語: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, t

6、ill/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, -模糊的時間狀語上一頁第九頁，共46頁。現在完成現在完成(wn chng)時的時間狀語時的時間狀語常與不確定(qudng)的時間狀語連用，如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, so far, in the past few years等,表示“到目前為止”所發生的動作.還可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用， since, for a long time等.上一頁下一頁第十頁，共46頁。現在完成現在完成(wn chng)時的時間狀語時的時間狀語常

7、與常與already, yet, ever, just, never, before, up to now, so far, in the past few weeks these days, since for+a long time 連用連用(linyng)上一頁下一頁第十一頁，共46頁。一、since Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. （1984年以來(yli)，史密斯先生一直在這工作。）I have known Daniel since 7 years ago.自從7年前我就認識丹尼爾。Hes learned about 500 words s

8、ince he went to college.（他上大學以來(yli)大約學了五千個英語單詞）上一頁下一頁一個時間點一段時間ago從句第十二頁，共46頁。二、for時間段（一段時間）（two weeks/six months/five days）for短語表示動作延續多長時間 。 He has taught in this school for four years. （他在這個學校已經(y jing)教了4年書了。） I havent seen her for a long time. （我好久沒有見到她了。）上一頁下一頁第十三頁，共46頁。（注）: 對for或since引導的時間(shj

9、in)狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?上一頁第十四頁，共46頁。現在完成現在完成(wn chng)時時間狀時時間狀語的比較與運用語的比較與運用: 1）already（已經）（已經） 和和yet（已經，還）（已經，還） already用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在句中時句中時(zhn sh)，

10、位于助動詞或系動詞，位于助動詞或系動詞后，實義動詞前。后，實義動詞前。 yet用于否定句和疑問句，一般在句末。用于否定句和疑問句，一般在句末。 I have already finished my homework. I havent finished my homework yet.上一頁第十五頁，共46頁。 2）ever（曾經，這以前）（曾經，這以前）never（從不）（從不） ever用于肯定句和疑問句中，在句中位用于肯定句和疑問句中，在句中位于助動詞于助動詞(dngc)或系動詞或系動詞(dngc)后，后，實義動詞實義動詞(dngc)前。前。 never用于句中，助動詞用于句中，助動詞(

11、dngc)或系動或系動詞詞(dngc)后，實義動詞后，實義動詞(dngc)前，表前，表示否定意義。示否定意義。 He has ever been to Paris. He has never been to Paris.上一頁第十六頁，共46頁。3） just表示表示“剛剛剛剛”（用于完成（用于完成(wn chng)時態時，時態時，與與already，never 等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動等副詞的位置一樣，多用在助動詞詞have/has和動詞過去分詞之間）區別和動詞過去分詞之間）區別just now(剛剛才，用于一般過去時）才，用于一般過去時）He has just come back. 他

12、剛剛回來。They have just finished the work. 他們剛剛完成(wn chng)那項工作。上一頁第十七頁，共46頁。 3）現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態(zhungti)，動詞一般是延續性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 一般過去時常用的非持續性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 上一頁第十八頁，共46頁。 She joined the League three years ago. (加入的動作加入的動作(dngzu)不

13、是延續的不是延續的) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在團內的狀態可延續在團內的狀態可延續) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago). (是團員的狀態可持續是團員的狀態可持續)第十九頁，共46頁。 延續動詞表示經驗(jngyn)、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結 果,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 比較(bjio)延續動詞與瞬間動詞 He has finished the work.他已完成了那項

14、工作(gngzu)。 (表結果)Ive known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。(表經歷)第二十頁，共46頁。 延續性動詞和非延續性動詞（終止性動詞） 延續性動詞表示能夠延續的動作如：learn, work, keep, have, wait, stay等。 延續性動詞可以與表示時間段的狀語連用(linyng)。 非延續性動詞也稱終止性動詞、瞬間動詞，表示 不能延續的動作,這種動作發生后立即結束,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用(linyng)。 如:die, begin, finish, come, go, open, leave, join, marry / get

15、married等。 第二十一頁，共46頁。leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openedbe backbe married be上一頁第二十二頁，共46頁。也可以仍用原短暫

16、性動詞，用句型“It is since從句(cn j)（從句(cn j)中用一般過去時）” 或用“一般過去時+ ago”這一結構來表述延續性的動作或狀 態。 上一頁下一頁第二十三頁，共46頁。電影開始(kish)五分鐘了。The film has been on for five minutes.It is five minutes since the film beganThe film began five minutes ago.他入黨五年了。He has been in the Party for five years.It is five years since he joined

17、the Party.He joined the Party five years ago .下一頁上一頁第二十四頁，共46頁。非延續性動詞非延續性動詞(dngc)與時間段的與時間段的關系關系 短暫性動詞短暫性動詞(dngc)(dngc)在肯定句、在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞些動詞(dngc)(dngc)是：是：become, become, begin, begin, buy, buy, borrow, borrow, come (go, arrive), come (go, arrive), die, die, finish, finish, jo

18、in, join, leave, leave, 等。等。上一頁下一頁為了表述這種意思,我們(w men)常用相應的延續性動詞 來代替非延續性（終止性）動詞。第二十五頁，共46頁。 但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以但在否定句中，短暫性動詞可以(ky)(ky)與時間段連用。與時間段連用。如：如：I havent bought the bike for a I havent bought the bike for a year. year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。我買這輛自行車還不到一年。She hasnt come here for an hour. She hasnt come here for

19、 an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個小時。她來這兒還沒有一個小時。上一頁下一頁第二十六頁，共46頁。 翻 譯 練 習： 1.我買了這塊(zh kui)手表五年了。 2.這位老人已經死了十年了。 I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. The old man has died for ten years. The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.WW下一頁上一頁第二

20、十七頁，共46頁。 3.他已經回來三天了。 4.自從六點鐘他就來這兒了。 5.我離開(l ki)家鄉已十年了。 He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago. He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock. I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from hometown for 10 years.WWW下一頁上一頁第二十八頁，共46頁。He h

21、as gone to Shanghai.他(已經(y jing)去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他(曾經(cngjng) 去過上海。比較(bjio) have/has been to have/has gone to第二十九頁，共46頁。have been 與have gone 的用法(yn f)比較 have been to 意思是意思是“到過，去過到過，去過”，表示，表示曾經到過某處，但現在人不在那兒曾經到過某處，但現在人不在那兒(nr)。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示已經，表示已經去了某地，現在人可能在去的途中或已去了某地，現在人可能在

22、去的途中或已在那兒在那兒(nr)了。了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某處一段時間呆在某處一段時間了了”上一頁下一頁第三十頁，共46頁。He went to Shanghai last week. 他(曾經)到/去過上海 在他人(trn)生中曾經有過這樣的經歷,但他人(trn)現在肯定不是在上海而是回來了他已經去上海了 也許剛動身出發,也許已經到了,也許還在路上(l shng),反正他人不在這里上周他做了一件事:那就是(jish)去了上海He has been to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.He has been in Shanghai

23、for 10 years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經10年了 現在還在上海沒有離開呢He lived in Shanghai for 10 years.以前他在上海住過10年 現在不在上海了第三十一頁，共46頁。 He died 10 years ago. - He _ _ _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He _ _ the motorbike

24、 for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He _ _ here since three days ago.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.延續性動詞和瞬間(shn jin)性動詞之間的轉化上一頁第三十二頁，共46頁。 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He _ _ _ from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The fi

25、lm _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door _ _ _ for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He _ _ a _ for a year. - He _ _ _ the army for a year. - It _ a year _ he joined the army. 上一頁第三十三頁，共46頁。

26、 He died 10 years ago. - He has been dead for 10 years / since 10 years ago.2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. - He has kept the book for 2 weeks.3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. -He has had the motorbike for a month.4. He arrived here three days ago. - He has been here since three days ago

27、.5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. - The light has been on for 2 hours.延續性動詞(dngc)和瞬間性動詞(dngc)之間的轉化 (keys)上一頁第三十四頁，共46頁。 6. He left here 2 years ago. - He has been away from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. - The film has been on for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an

28、hour ago. - The door has been open for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. - The door has been closed for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. - He has been a soldier for a year. - He has been in the army for a year. - It is a year since he joined the army. 上一頁第三十五頁，共46頁。動 詞 填 空： 1._

29、 you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there? Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一頁上一頁第三十六頁，共46頁。4. I _ (read) the novel t

30、wice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas g

31、iven下一頁上一頁第三十七頁，共46頁。選用(xunyng) for和 since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last

32、 time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一頁上一頁第三十八頁，共46頁。用用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空(tinkng)Mike and his parents _ the north for half Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop._ you ever _ to kunmin

33、g ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Where is Peter? I dont know where he _.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ?

34、Li Lei Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you. is looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been下一頁上一頁第三十九頁，共46頁。改改 錯錯1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last A

35、ugust.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一頁上一頁第四十頁，共46頁。The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned2. -_the sports meeting might be put off. -Yes, it all dep

36、ends on the weather. A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beij

37、ing for vacation ?-I _ to go , but I dont know if I can go . A was planning B have planned C had been planning D have been planning 上一頁第四十一頁，共46頁。6. -When will they leave ?-They _very soon .A do leave B are leaving C have left D leave 7 -Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , hes _ it last week.A doing B to take C making D to give8.The teacher told the pupils that the earth _ round.A is B would C was D were9. She _ such an interesting book b