1、l 張庭琛譯Spring, the River, Flowers, the Moon Night春江潮水連海平，海上明月共潮生。In spring the river swells level with sea,The bright moon rise mounting the tide.滟滟隨波千萬(wàn)里，何處春江無(wú)月明？Waters flash with infinite light.Where on the spring river is there no bright moon?江流宛轉(zhuǎn)繞芳甸，月照花林皆似霰。The river winds through flower fragrant

2、fields,Glistening in the moonlight like beads of ice.空里流霜不覺(jué)飛，汀上白沙看不見(jiàn)。Who can see the frost alight,Or tell the island's white sand from the moon's white glow?江天一色無(wú)纖塵，皎皎空中孤月輪。The sky, the river - one perfect hue.Bright, bright - the solitary circle in the sky.江畔何人初見(jiàn)月？江月何年初照人？When did the moon

3、first shine on men?Who first saw the moon from the riverside?人生代代無(wú)窮已，江月年年只相似。Human beings, generation after generation without end,See the same river, the same moon:不知江月待何人，但見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)江送流水。Does anyone know whom she awaits?We see only the long river moving on.白云一片去悠悠，青楓浦上不勝愁。A wisp of cloud lingers in the sk

4、y誰(shuí)家今夜扁舟子？何處相思明月樓？What household tonight has a wanderer adrift upon the tide?Upon what lonely woman's roof does the moon shine?可憐樓上月徘徊，應(yīng)照離人妝鏡臺(tái)。Pitiful, the light playing upon the house,Moving over the dressing table of one left behind.玉戶簾中卷不去，搗衣砧上拂還來(lái)。Impossible, to brush it off the washing block,

5、 orRolling down the blinds, to keep it out.此時(shí)相望不相聞，愿逐月華流照君。Green Maple Pond!So far! Unbearable!Now we only trace each other's likeness in the moon.If only I could stream down upon you in the moonlight,鴻雁長(zhǎng)飛光不度，魚(yú)龍潛躍水成文。Or send a message by the fish that leaping from the water plunges toThe depth o

6、r by the wild goose that soaring high into the sky remains within the brightness.昨夜閑潭夢(mèng)落花，可憐春半不還家。Last night I dreamt of petals fallingInto the stillness of the pond,A pity, half the spring - passed without your returning.江水流春去欲盡，江潭落月復(fù)西斜。Spring! Almost exhausted, swept away with the river's water

7、s.Now dim, hidden in a sea of rising mist,斜月沉沉藏海霧，碣石瀟湘無(wú)限路。The moon slants westward over the river and the pond.Endless, the road from Jieshi to the Xiang River.不知乘月幾人歸？落月?lián)u情滿江樹(shù)。How many will return by moonlight?Setting, the moon seems to shake the flowering trees along the River with unquiet thought.

8、l 許淵沖譯A Moonlit Night on the Spring River春江潮水連海平In spring the river rises as high as the sea,海上明月共潮生。And with the river's rise the moon uprises bright.滟滟隨波千萬(wàn)里She follows the rolling waves for ten thousand li,何處春江無(wú)月明。And where the river flows there overflows her light.江流宛轉(zhuǎn)繞芳甸T(mén)he river winds aroun

9、d the fragrant islet where月照花林皆似霰。The blooming flowers in her light all look like snow.空里流光不覺(jué)飛You cannot tell her beams from hoar frost in the air,汀上白沙看不見(jiàn)。Nor from white sand upon the farewell Beach below.江天一色無(wú)纖塵No dust has stained the water blending with the skies;皎皎空中孤月輪。A lonely wheel-like moon s

10、hines briliant far and wide.江畔何人初見(jiàn)月Who by the riverside first saw the moon arise?江月何年初照人。When did the moon first see a man by riverside?人生代代無(wú)窮矣Ah, generations have come and past away;江月年年只相似。From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.不知江月待何人We do not know tonight for whom she sheds her ray,

11、但見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)江送流水。But hear the river say to its water adieu.白云一片去悠悠Away, away is sailing a single cloud white;青楓浦上不勝愁。On Farewell Beach are pining away maples green.誰(shuí)家今夜扁舟子Where is the wanderer sailing his boat tonight?何處相思明月樓。Who, pining away on the moonlight rails would lean?可憐樓上月徘徊Alas! The moon is lingeri

12、ng over the tower,應(yīng)照離人妝鏡臺(tái)。It should have seen the dressing table of the fair.玉戶簾中卷不去She rolls the curtain up and light comes in her bower;搗衣砧上復(fù)還來(lái)。She washes but can't wash away the moonbeams there.此時(shí)相望不相聞She sees the moon, but her beloved is out of sight;愿逐月華流照君。She'd follow it to shine on h

13、er beloved one's face.鴻燕長(zhǎng)飛光不渡But message bearing swans can't fly out of moonlight,魚(yú)龍潛躍水成紋。Nor letter-sending fish can leap out of their place.昨夜閑潭夢(mèng)落花Last night he dreamed that falling flowers would not stay,可憐春半不還家。Alas! He can't go home although half spring has gone.江水流春去欲盡The running w

14、ater bearing spring will pass away;江潭落月復(fù)西斜。The moon declinging over the pool will sink anon.斜月沉沉藏海霧The moon declining sinks into a heavy mid;碣石瀟湘無(wú)限路。It's a long way between South River and East Sea.不知乘月幾人歸How many can go home by moonlight who are missed?落月?lián)u情滿江樹(shù)。The sinking moon sheds yearning o&

15、#39;er riverside tree.*許淵沖教授英譯春江花月夜研讀與詳析張若虛春江花月夜這首詩(shī)，幾年前我泛讀過(guò)許老的英語(yǔ)譯文。這是許老自己十分欣賞與重視的譯品，多次放置在序言的位置，并附有一位世界名人的贊許。包括2008年出版的續(xù)憶似水年華（是長(zhǎng)江文藝出版社出版的那本，不是半年后三聯(lián)書(shū)店出的那本），也是這樣安排的。最近我研讀了許老的韻文英譯。同時(shí)還讀到許老全文引用的Charbles Budd 1912年的譯品。Charbles Budd也是主張自然押韻的，因?yàn)樽g文只有少數(shù)幾行在末尾“押韻”（即同音節(jié)）；可能是由于外國(guó)人理解原文的難度問(wèn)題，個(gè)別地方似乎未必切合原文；但從英語(yǔ)的通順與地道來(lái)

16、說(shuō)，顯然非我們中國(guó)翻譯家可比。現(xiàn)在分節(jié)逐句地研讀分析許老的譯文，難免不妥與錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)予批評(píng)指正。春江花月夜張若虛春江潮水連海平海上明月共潮生。滟滟隨波千萬(wàn)里何處春江無(wú)月明。A Moonlit Night on the Spring RiverBy zhang RuoxuIn spring the river rises as high as the sea,And with the river's rise the moon uprises bright.She follows the rolling waves for ten thousand li,And where the riv

17、er flows there overflows her light.“何處春江無(wú)月明”意譯出“春江在哪里流，哪里就流淌或溢出月光。”rise在第一行是動(dòng)詞，在第二行是名詞；uprise vi. 通常表示起床、起身；起義、暴動(dòng)；詩(shī)里可以表示日月的“升起”，但the moon uprises bright. 加用bright，是為了跟light押韻。江流宛轉(zhuǎn)繞芳甸月照花林皆似霰。空里流光不覺(jué)飛汀上白沙看不見(jiàn)。The river winds around the fragrant islet whereThe blooming flowers in her light all look like

18、snow.You cannot tell her beams from hoar frost in the air,Nor from white sand upon the farewell Beach below.這一段是意譯；wind是動(dòng)詞，在主句中作謂語(yǔ)，表示“蜿蜒繞行”。“月照花林皆似霰”譯成從句（where）The blooming flowers in her light all look like snow.“霰”意譯成 snow“雪”，跟below押韻；但這里用the farewell Beach below翻譯，不知根據(jù)什么？合適嗎？而且，the farewell Beach

19、還是像下文那樣寫(xiě)成Farewell Beach？另外，這里寫(xiě)hoar frost，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)的Commentary里，卻用hoary frost；看來(lái)譯者本人對(duì)自己的英語(yǔ)也像是猶豫不決，舉棋不定。江天一色無(wú)纖塵皎皎空中孤月輪。江畔何人初見(jiàn)月江月何年初照人。No dust has stained the water blending with the skies;A lonely wheel-like moon shines briliant far and wide.Who by the riverside first saw the moon arise?When did the moon f

20、irst see a man by riverside?成語(yǔ)far and wide（到處，各地）用得好，因?yàn)閣ide還可以跟riverside押韻。為了“押韻”而用復(fù)數(shù)skies，此處用得不錯(cuò)（雖然離現(xiàn)代口語(yǔ)遠(yuǎn)了點(diǎn)），因?yàn)樗硎尽疤焐⑻鞖狻保槐热鏸n the sky里，就不能換成復(fù)數(shù)skies；我再引用兩句詩(shī)作為例證：拜倫愛(ài)情詩(shī)She Walks in Beauty開(kāi)頭四行寫(xiě)：She walks in beauty, like the nightOf cloudless climes and starry skies;And all that's best of dark and

21、brightMeet in her aspect and her eyes;這里就用了復(fù)數(shù)skies，表示“天色”，即“天空的景色”；約翰.濟(jì)茲On First Looking into Chapman's Homer中間部分也出現(xiàn)這種用法：Then fell I like some watcher of the skiesWhen a new planet swims into his ken;Or like stout Cottez when with eagle eyesHe start'd at the Pacific and all his men.有趣的是：這兩處，

22、都是skies與eyes照應(yīng)并押韻。原來(lái)天空的景色在吸引詩(shī)人的眼球啊！人生代代無(wú)窮矣江月年年只相似。不知江月待何人但見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)江送流水。Ah, generations have come and past away;From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.We do not know tonight for whom she sheds her ray,But hear the river say to its water adieu.有兩個(gè)英語(yǔ)問(wèn)題。ray（光線）多用復(fù)數(shù)，如果用單數(shù)，前面要用a；“月亮”譯成復(fù)數(shù)moons，對(duì)嗎？ol

23、d and new修飾moons好嗎？adieu感嘆詞，表示“再見(jiàn)“；用來(lái)意譯“但見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)江送流水。”白云一片去悠悠青楓浦上不勝愁。誰(shuí)家今夜扁舟子何處相思明月樓。Away, away is sailing a single cloud white;On Farewell Beach are pining away maples green.Where is the wanderer sailing his boat tonight?Who, pining away on the moonlight rails would lean?the moonlight rails對(duì)嗎？ pine vi憔悴，

24、 消瘦；對(duì)人用pine away “消瘦”，楓樹(shù)難道也用pine away “消瘦”？我前面提到過(guò)Farewell Beach根據(jù)什么？最后一句在語(yǔ)法上有問(wèn)題：Who, pining away on the moonlight rails would lean?可憐樓上月徘徊應(yīng)照離人妝鏡臺(tái)。玉戶簾中卷不去搗衣砧上復(fù)還來(lái)。Alas! The moon is lingering over the tower,It should have seen the dressing table of the fair.She rolls the curtain up and light comes in h

25、er bower;She washes but can't wash away the moonbeams there.直譯原文，基本表達(dá)了原文意思，中國(guó)讀者容易接受。此時(shí)相望不相聞愿逐月華流照君。鴻燕長(zhǎng)飛光不渡魚(yú)龍潛躍水成紋。She sees the moon, but her beloved is out of sight;She'd follow it to shine on her beloved one's face.But message bearing swans can't fly out of moonlight,Nor letter-sending fish can leap out of their place.后兩行或后兩句直譯原文“鴻燕長(zhǎng)飛光不渡魚(yú)龍潛躍水成紋。”