1、模塊一 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練：定語(yǔ)從句【考點(diǎn)透視】分析近兩年全國(guó)高考和各省市命題的英語(yǔ)科試卷的單項(xiàng)填空題，幾乎每一套試題都涉及到定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容，這充分說(shuō)明了定語(yǔ)從句在整各中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的位置和重要性。研讀高考試題中定語(yǔ)從句的有關(guān)題目不難看出，定語(yǔ)從句主要的考點(diǎn)熱點(diǎn)是：定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別；限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別；定語(yǔ)從句的分割現(xiàn)象等。下面歸納一下定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)：（一）由who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句這類(lèi)定語(yǔ)從句中who用作主語(yǔ)，whom用作賓語(yǔ)，whose用作定語(yǔ)。（二）由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句which在從句中作

2、主語(yǔ)，或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，如： this is the pen which you want.（三）由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 that在定語(yǔ)從句中可以指人或物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但不能放在介詞后面作介詞賓語(yǔ)。（四）由when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 先行詞表示地點(diǎn)時(shí)，有時(shí)用where，有時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)要根據(jù)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的還是不及物的來(lái)判斷，是及物的就用that(which)，否則用where。如： this is the room where he lived last year. this is the house that (which)

3、 he visited last year.注意：在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句中，which與that的用法區(qū)別：1在下列情況下，只能用that，不能用which： (1)先行詞是不定代詞：all，few，little，much，something，nothing，anything等時(shí)； (2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)； (3)先行詞被all，any，every，few，little，no，some等修飾時(shí)； (4)先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時(shí)； (5)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 2在下列情況下，只能用which而不用that： (1)如果句中

4、有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中個(gè)用了that，另一個(gè)最好用which； (2)前面緊接著有介詞； (3)非限制性從句中不用that。（五）同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： 1從意義上：同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)名詞或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)行解釋?zhuān)ㄕZ(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行修飾、限定，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞的作用。2從結(jié)構(gòu)上：同位語(yǔ)從句由連接代詞，副詞引導(dǎo)，最常用的連接詞that一般不省略，也不在從句中作成分，而定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞/ 副詞引導(dǎo)，that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)不能省略，作賓語(yǔ)可省略。3從涵義上：同位語(yǔ)從句與所說(shuō)明、解釋的句詞無(wú)邏輯關(guān)系，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的句詞是該從句邏輯上的主、賓、表、定、狀語(yǔ)等。如： (1)the news that th

5、ey had won the game arrived soon. 他們?cè)诒荣愔蝎@勝了，這個(gè)消息很快傳來(lái)了。(同位語(yǔ)從句)(the news和that they had won the game無(wú)邏輯關(guān)系) (2) the news that you told me yesterday is true. 昨天你告訴我的那個(gè)消息是真的。(定語(yǔ)從句) (the news在定語(yǔ)從句中相當(dāng)于told的邏輯賓語(yǔ))4同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明，解釋的句詞有所限制，大多是一些表示抽象概念的名詞，而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾、限定的先行詞無(wú)限制，既可指人，又可指物?！绢}例精析】【例1】the farm _ we see today

6、is no longer the one _ it was ten years ago.a. that; thatb. where; thatc. where; whered. which; which【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要注意判斷表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中用作賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，以及用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系詞的選用?！疽c(diǎn)精析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以知道，兩空均為定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞the farm 在第一空的定語(yǔ)從句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞see的賓語(yǔ)，故第一空應(yīng)為關(guān)系代詞 that，which 或省略；the farm 在第二空的定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)，故只可以用that 連接，不可用which，且不可省略

7、?！敬鸢浮縜【例2】i often think of the days _ i stayed with them, _ has a great effect on my job.a. which; thatb. that; whichc. when; whod. when; which【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)悟】解答該題的關(guān)鍵是要準(zhǔn)確判斷表示時(shí)間的先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所作的成分以及非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞所指代的對(duì)象。【要點(diǎn)精析】句中的the days 為表示時(shí)間的先行詞，在i stayed with the experts 的定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故第一空的關(guān)系詞應(yīng)選when 或in which；第二空關(guān)

8、系詞作主語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，代指的是前面整個(gè)句子的內(nèi)容，故必須選用which連接?！敬鸢浮縟【專(zhuān)項(xiàng)檢測(cè)】1. last month, part of southeast asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.a. thatb. whosec. thosed. what2. mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made chairman of th

9、e students union.a. during which timeb. for which timec. during whose timed. by that time3. i work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.a. howb. whichc. whered. that4. the english play _ my students acted at the new years party was a great success.a. for whichb. at whichc. i

10、n whichd. on which5. new york, _ i visited last year, is a nice old city. a. that b. whichc. when d. in which 6. i can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of english words and expressions but couldn't write a good essay.a. why b. whichc. as d. where7. george orwell, _ was eric art

11、hur, wrote many political novels and essays.a. the real name b. what his real namec. his real name d. whose real name8. _is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makinga. it b. as c. that d. what9. american women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk

12、frequently.a who b. asc. about which d. with whom10. anyway, that evening, _ i'll tell you more about later, i ended up staying at rachel's place.a. when b. wherec. what d. which11. the factory _ the students visited last week is the one _ i have worked for thee years.a. that; which b. when;

13、 in whichc. /; where d. which; that12. the most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ i have said.a. which; that b. that; which c. which; which d. that; that13. the school _ my father teaches is a world-famous one, _ was set up 100 years ago.a. where; which b. which; whic

14、h c. /; where d. where; that14. this is mr. smith, _ i think has something interesting to tell you.a. who b. whomc. that d. /15. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.a. it b. asc. that d. what16.when was the house built? it was built in 1949 _ the prc was founde

15、d. a. which b. thatc. what d. when17. he never reads anything _ is not worth reading. a. as b. whichc. who d. that18. he has three brothers, _ is a doctor.a. all of them b. all of whom c. none of whomd. both of them19. the young mother mw her baby fall to the ground, _ brought her heart to her mouth

16、.a. it b. and that c. and which d. that20. is this the reason _he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?a. that b. whatc. how d. why21. the place _ interested me most was the gnat wall.a. in which b. whichc. where d. what22. the oscar is one of the film prizes _ offend to any chi

17、nese actor or actress so far.a. which are not b. that have not beenc. that has not d. that has not been23. i'd like a car _ front lights an big and tuned.a. which b. thatc. whose d. of which24. you were very impolite to him, for _ you should make an apology to him, i think,a. this b. whichc. wha

18、t d. that25. the artist _ the judge gave a prize is the teacher _ i have been taught painting for two years.a. from whom; by whom b. to whom; whoc. from whom; who d. to whom; by whom26. for weeks the street hasn't been cleaned by the cleaners, _ makes it very dirty.a. who b. whichc. that d. this

19、27. now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, _ eating doesnt take much time. a. which b. whoc. what d. where28. in my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers _ cant be found in yours.a. which b. whoc. those d. they29. henry set up a club for football fans, _ he invite

20、d all his friends.a. for whom b. to whomc. to which d. from which30. his parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _ family was poor.a. of whom b. whomc. of whose d. whose31. the weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.a. when b. whichc. that d. when32. after living in pa

21、ris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.a. which b. wherec. that d. when33. carol said the work would be done by october, _ personally i doubt very much.a. it b. thatc. when d. which34. dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made t

22、he others unhappy.a. who b. whichc. this d. what35. i bought an ancient chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.a. which price b. the price of whichc. its price d. the price of whose36. _ has already been pointed out, grammar is not a set of dead rules.a. as b. itc. that d. which37. he lived in london f

23、or 3 months, during _ time he learned some english.a. this b. whichc. that d. same38. on the wall hung a picture,_ colour is blue.a. whose b. of whichc. which d. its39. whenever i met him, _ was fairly often, i like his sweet and hopeful smile.a. what b. thatc. which d. when40. he bought a book that

24、 could glee him much knowledge and _ could help him to kill the time.a. that b. where c. which d. there41. the boss _ department ms. king worked in ten years ago looked down upon women.a. in which b. in thatc. whose d. which42. luckily, we'd brought a mad map without _ we would have lost our way

25、.a. it b. thatc. this d. which43. he made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.a. which i think is b. which i think it isc. which i think it d. i think which is44. this is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.a. that b. whoc. whom d. this45. i think you have got to the point

26、 _ change is needed, or you would fail a. when b. thatc. where d. which46. october 1, 1949 was the day _ the peoples republic of china was founded.a. which b. whenc. where d. in which47. is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?a. which b. wherec. in which d. what48. is this museum _ they visited

27、 last month?a. that b. whichc. where d. the one49. i still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and i used to sit in the evening.a. what b. whichc. that d. when50. she was not the woman _ she was before.a. what b. whoc. that d. where51. in one night, the city was completely destroyed by a terrible

28、earthquake, _ about 240,000 people died.a. that b. whichc. in which d. the one 52. the old lady, _ had been killed in the war, was given help by the local government.a. all her children b. all of her childrenc. all of whose children d. whose all children53. the wrong you have done to him is terrible

29、, for _ you should make an apology to him, i think.a. that b. whichc. what d. this54. he worked seven days a week, and six of _ until one oclock at night.a. that b. which c. the time d. them55. the girl _ bike you took just now _ at it.a. her; very cross b. her; was very crossc. whose; to be very cr

30、oss d. whose; is very cross56. it is in nantong _ youre going to pay a visit to _ this kind of radio is made. (2007南通四縣市聯(lián)考)a. /; thatb. where; whichc. /; whered. the; which57. women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. （2006北京卷）

31、a. who; / b. /; whoc. who; who d. /; /58. the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江蘇卷）a. who b. thatc. as d. which59. i saw a woman running toward me in the dark. before i could recogni

32、ze who she was, she had run back in the direction _ she had come. （2006重慶卷） a. of which b. by whichc. in which d. from which60. in an hour, we can travel to places _ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.（2006上海卷） a. where b. whenc. which d. what【答案解析】1b。本題題干中的effects和先行詞floods之間有所屬關(guān)系，所以要用who

33、se，這樣from whose effects一起引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。本題答案是：b。2a。通過(guò)分析屬干可以知道。先行詞表示的是一個(gè)時(shí)間段，且在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)這個(gè)意思，用“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。c項(xiàng)中的whose不能用來(lái)指代時(shí)間。本題答案是：a。3c。本題考查關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法?，F(xiàn)行詞a business表示地點(diǎn)“公司”，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，故選用where。4c。本題考查“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的用法。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。從句常常由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引出。介詞的選擇，取決于與現(xiàn)行詞成從句之間的關(guān)系?！霸谟⒄Z(yǔ)劇中扮演角色”應(yīng)為act in the e

34、nglish play，因此關(guān)系代詞which前應(yīng)用介詞in，故本題選c。5b。本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that引導(dǎo)；關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作及物動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ)，故正確答案是b。 6d。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的選擇。本題先行詞是cases，意為“個(gè)案”。從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。故應(yīng)用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句且在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。正確答案是d。7d。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用作定語(yǔ)；其他選項(xiàng)均不能構(gòu)成定語(yǔ)從句。8b。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，而且可以放在句首，這時(shí)as用作從句中的主語(yǔ)，代替主句的內(nèi)容。如果把句中的逗號(hào)去掉，就可以選a項(xiàng)。 9d。talk的意思是“交談”，

35、是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面帶賓語(yǔ)就要帶適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的先行詞是人，一個(gè)構(gòu)成talk with sb.結(jié)構(gòu)，且把介詞提前。 10d。通過(guò)分析可以知道：that evening是定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，但是在句子中用作介詞about的賓語(yǔ)，所以不能用when，要用which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 11c。在第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，引導(dǎo)詞作visited的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞作引導(dǎo)詞或省略引導(dǎo)詞；在第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，i是主語(yǔ)，worked是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能帶賓語(yǔ)，故引導(dǎo)詞作狀語(yǔ)，選where。12d。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞或the only，the very等修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)，而不能用whic

36、h。 13a。引導(dǎo)詞在第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，在第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。又因that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故選a。 14a。去掉非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的插入語(yǔ)i think后，可以看出引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故選who。 15b。as可單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。其位置可在主句之前，也可在主句之后。 16d。先行詞1949為表示時(shí)間的詞，引導(dǎo)詞代替先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，意為共和國(guó)于1949年建立，故選when。 17d。當(dāng)先行詞為all，everything，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句常用that而不用which引導(dǎo)。

37、18c。兩句中間為逗號(hào)且無(wú)連詞，說(shuō)明選項(xiàng)所在句子是個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可排除a、d。在b、c中，根據(jù)主謂一致原則選c。 19b。選項(xiàng)b使兩句之間構(gòu)成并列句，其中that為指示代詞，指代前句內(nèi)容；如將選項(xiàng)所在句子看作非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，則無(wú)正確答案。 20a。reason作先行詞時(shí)，如引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，用why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；如引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用that或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)詞在此題中作的是explained的賓語(yǔ)，故選a。 21b。引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。注意：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”相當(dāng)于when，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 22b。此題屬于“one of +復(fù)數(shù)

38、名詞+定語(yǔ)從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，如引導(dǎo)詞作主語(yǔ)，one前有the only，the very等修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如沒(méi)有，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。另外，so far常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。23c。whose和of which都可作定語(yǔ)表示“誰(shuí)的”，但whose須放在無(wú)定冠詞the的名詞前，of which常放在有定冠詞the的名詞后。例如：china, whose area (the area of which)is about 9,600,000 sq. km., lies in the east of asia. 中國(guó)位于亞洲的東部，它的面積為九百六十萬(wàn)千方公里。24b。此題屬于“介

39、詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞指物時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用which，指人時(shí)用whom。25d。第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于the judge gave a prize to the artist。第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于i have been taught painting for two year by the teacher。26b。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，即清潔工人好幾周沒(méi)打掃街道一事。27d。從句的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)分別是eating，much time，引導(dǎo)詞where在從句中作狀語(yǔ)表示地點(diǎn)。28a。由句意可知，定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是some pictures而不是some teache

40、rs。29c。定語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于he invited all his friends to the club。30d。從句的主語(yǔ)family與先行詞anyone有所屬關(guān)系，因此選關(guān)系代詞whose。31b。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which代替整個(gè)主句。32b。先行詞the small town是地點(diǎn)，且從句謂語(yǔ)grow up是長(zhǎng)大成人的意思，不缺句子成分，這里需要一個(gè)表地點(diǎn)的副詞when。33d。此句是整個(gè)句子作先行詞的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。關(guān)系代詞which代替整個(gè)主句。34d。此句是整個(gè)句子作先行詞的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，of course是插入語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞which代替整個(gè)主句。35b。在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中chinese vase與the price有所屬關(guān)系，the price of which相當(dāng)于whose price。36a。關(guān)系代詞as有“正如”之意。37d。先行詞是3 months，this，that，same均不能用于介詞前提的定語(yǔ)從句。38a。從句的主語(yǔ)colour與先行詞picture有所屬關(guān)系