1、OEPA , 2006測井資料與應(yīng)用測井資料與應(yīng)用(3)Geoscience Center, BeijingMay, 2009OEPA , 20062.5 聲波測井聲波測井 (Acoustic Log)OEPA , 20062.5.1 測量原理測量原理 * 聲波發(fā)生器激發(fā)聲波 * 聲波沿井壁滑行傳播 * 兩個接收探頭記錄聲波全波列信號 * 測量聲波傳播經(jīng)過兩個接收探頭所用的時間 t OEPA , 2006Full wave formConventional acoustic log record P (compressional ), S (shear ) and stoneley wave

2、formcompressionalOEPA , 2006常規(guī)聲波測井常規(guī)聲波測井一般提供聲波一般提供聲波時差時差tGRtOEPA , 2006不同的地層具有不同的聲波速度和時差不同的地層具有不同的聲波速度和時差tOEPA , 20062.5.3 聲波孔隙度聲波孔隙度 通常地層巖石骨架的聲速都 遠(yuǎn)大于孔隙中流體的聲速 高孔隙地層飽含更多的流體, 其聲速將較低 * 記錄的總 t = 骨架 t + 孔隙流體 t* 聲波速度(或或t ) 與與孔隙度緊密相關(guān)soundsoundOEPA , 20062.5.4 應(yīng)用應(yīng)用 計(jì)算孔隙度計(jì)算孔隙度 估算地層破裂壓力估算地層破裂壓力 地層出砂分析地層出砂分析 計(jì)

3、算滲透率計(jì)算滲透率 縱合密度測井資料制作合成地震剖面縱合密度測井資料制作合成地震剖面 OEPA , 2006 Wyllie 平均時間公式平均時間公式 ( WTA ) 最常用的孔隙度公式最常用的孔隙度公式 : s = 式中式中, tma 純地層骨架的聲波時差純地層骨架的聲波時差 ; tf 孔隙流體的聲波時差孔隙流體的聲波時差; Cp 壓實(shí)校正系數(shù)壓實(shí)校正系數(shù) . Cp(tf tma ) (tc tma )OEPA , 2006壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正 固結(jié)不好(欠壓實(shí))的砂巖 t較高較高,用其計(jì)算的用其計(jì)算的孔隙度偏高( 28 - 50%),通常需進(jìn)行壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正壓實(shí)校正公式: 致密地層 C

4、p = 1 固結(jié)不好(欠壓實(shí)) 地層 壓實(shí)系數(shù) Cp 0.8 1.3 0.8 1.3pmafmaCtttt1100)(CtCshpOEPA , 2006 壓實(shí)校正圖版壓實(shí)校正圖版 范例砂巖 t = 110 s/ft不校正 : = 40%選擇 Cp = 1.5 : 27%OEPA , 2006泥質(zhì)影響校正泥質(zhì)影響校正)1 ()(shmashfVtVttshmafmaVttttshacVshpmafmaVCtttt1固結(jié)好固結(jié)好(壓實(shí)壓實(shí)) 紗巖紗巖 :固結(jié)差固結(jié)差(非壓實(shí)非壓實(shí)) 紗巖紗巖 : 簡單公式簡單公式:OEPA , 2006 油油,氣影響校正氣影響校正 油油,氣的氣的 t大于水大于水

5、- 油油/氣層處理出的氣層處理出的 AC 偏大 油油,氣影響校正氣影響校正 系數(shù)系數(shù): 氣層 t = 0.7 AC 油層 t = 0.9 AC OEPA , 2006GRClean sandclean sand: tlog 125 s/ft 125 s/ft tm 55.5 s/ft tf 189 s/ft Cp = 1.2 Vsh 0.1(10%) 0.1(10%) (125-55.5)/(189-55.50)/1.2 Vsh 69.5/133.5/1.2 0.1 0.43-0.1 0.33 (%)Use cross plot: 0.3 % calculation Using acousti

6、c data along tOEPA , 2006研究巖石的物理特性研究巖石的物理特性* 可用可用 AC 資料計(jì)資料計(jì)算出許多巖石算出許多巖石的彈性摸量參的彈性摸量參數(shù)數(shù)* 著些彈性摸量參著些彈性摸量參數(shù)可用來評價(jià)數(shù)可用來評價(jià)儲層壓裂儲層壓裂,出砂出砂等問題等問題OEPA , 2006OEPA , 2006Borehole BreakoutGood Borehole井壁穩(wěn)定性分析井壁穩(wěn)定性分析OEPA , 2006地層出砂分析地層出砂分析 Sanding PotentialPredictionOEPA , 2006用斯通利波計(jì)算滲透率* Permeability is a important

7、parameter for reservoir evaluation* Permeability is difficult to calculated accurately* Stoneley wave can be used to calculate permeability more accuratelyOEPA , 2006 合成地震剖面合成地震剖面OEPA , 2006OEPA , 2006OEPA , 20062.6 電阻率測井電阻率測井OEPA , 2006AMN0測量間距電源電壓表B測井儀器電場電阻率測井示意圖OEPA , 2006不同地層的電阻率不同地層的電阻率 松軟地層松軟地

8、層 (泥質(zhì)砂巖泥質(zhì)砂巖) 0.5ohmm - 50ohmm. 致密地層致密地層(碳酸巖碳酸巖) 10ohmm to 1000ohmm. 噴發(fā)巖噴發(fā)巖 (硬石膏硬石膏) 可高達(dá)幾千到上萬可高達(dá)幾千到上萬ohmmOEPA , 2006PresentationLinear scale logarithmic scaleOEPA , 2006Sand scale : 0.02 - 200Limestone scale: 2 - 2000OEPA , 20062.6.3 Dual Lateral Resistivity ToolInvestigate depth - deep log RD 80 in

9、- shallow log RS 60 in Used to calculate true formation Rt & SW OEPA , 2006ReceiverGround loopTransmitter2.6.4 Induction Tool Schematic Conductivity log Investigate depth - deep log RD 60 in - shallow log RS 40 in Used to calculate true formation Rt & SW OEPA , 2006* 8 Rt curves with differe

10、nt investigation depth (10 120 in)* The logging curves separate in the permeable zone. * The invasion profile shows us the flushed zone, transitionzone and virgin zone. HDIL (high resolution digital induction log)OEPA , 2006 Use focused current* Very shallow investigation (2-12 in)* Measure Rt of fl

11、ushed zone ( RXO)* Used for evaluation of invaded affection 2.6.5 聚焦及微電阻率測井聚焦及微電阻率測井OEPA , 20062.6.6 環(huán)境影響Invaded zoneNone invaded zone 泥漿侵入對地層的污染在泥漿侵入條件下的測井響應(yīng)OEPA , 2006 主要的環(huán)境影響主要的環(huán)境影響 井眼垮塌 電阻率差異大的圍巖 泥漿侵入.OEPA , 2006The affection of bed thickness Log pg7-4, fig 7-5Lower Rt of surrounding bedHigh Rt

12、of surrounding bedOEPA , 2006Bed thickness Correction( Induction log )Bed thickness 6 ftNo correctionThinner beds need more correctionDifferent Rs need different correctionOEPA , 2006Chart for borehole correction to dual lateralExamplegive:Rm = 1mRD = 10 mborehole = 11inRLLDcorr 10 1.4 14 ( 14 (m)OEPA , 2006Invasion affectionLow resistivity invadedHigh resistivity invadedOEPA , 2006High resistivity invasion Rw = 0.04m/29C Rmf = 1.16m/28.5C Rt (shallower) Rt (deeper). OEPA , 2006Low resistivity invasion Rw = 1.14m/30C Rmf = 0.16m/27.8C Rt (shallower) Rt (deeper