1、專題09 語法填空之說明文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。1.（2020屆安徽省合肥市高三第二次質檢）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Chopsticks play an important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, while the other end is square which symbolizes earth.This is because k

2、eeping enough food is 41 (great) concern than anything else.It is important to note that chopsticks are used in many different cultures and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Here are some customs 42 (associate) with chopsticks in China. Playing with chopsticks 43 (consider) bad

3、manners. And chopsticks should not be placed 44 (vertical) in a bowl of rice or other food. Any stick-like object pointing upward 45 (resemble) the incense (香) sticks that people use 46 offerings to their dead family members. It is also bad manners to tap chopsticks on 47 edge of ones bowl, because

4、in ancient China beggars often made this noise 48 (attract) attention.In Chinese, “chopsticks” reads “kuai zi”, which means “to have sons soon,” so a newly-married couple will be very happy to accept chopsticks as 49 (they) wedding gift. 50 has already been found out is that using chopsticks improve

5、s ones memory, increases finger dexterity (靈巧) and can be useful in learning and improving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting.【答案】41greater42associated43is considered44vertically45resembles46as47the48to attract49their50What【解析】本文是說明文。文章講述了筷子在中國飲食文化中起著重要的作用及一些與中國筷子有關的習俗。41考查

6、形容詞的比較級。句意：這是因為保持足夠的食物比其他任何事情都更加引起人們的關注。由than可知，great應該使用比較級形式。故填greater。42考查過去分詞。句意：這里有一些與中國筷子有關的習俗。associatewith“將與聯(lián)系起來”。customs承受associate的動作，應使用associate的過去分詞作后置定語修飾customs。故填associated。43考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：玩筷子被認為是不禮貌的行為。由上下文可知，句子要使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語playing with chopsticks承受consider的動作，因此consider還要使用被動語態(tài)，動名詞作主語，

7、謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。故填is considered。44考查副詞。句意：筷子不應垂直放在米飯或其他食物中。副詞作狀語修飾謂語動詞。故填vertically。45考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：任何指向上方的棒狀物體都類似于人們用來向死去的家人進行供奉的香棒。由上下文可知，句子要使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞應使用單數(shù)形式。故填resembles。46考查介詞。句意：任何指向上方的棒狀物體都類似于人們用來向死去的家人進行供奉的香棒。useas“將用作”。故填as。47考查冠詞。句意：用筷子敲擊碗邊的方式也是不禮貌的，因為在中國古代，乞丐經常發(fā)出這種聲音來吸引注意力。此處為特指意義，應使用定

8、冠詞。on the edge of“在的邊緣”。故填the。48考查動詞不定式。句意：用筷子敲擊碗邊的方式也是不禮貌的，因為在中國古代，乞丐經常發(fā)出這種聲音來吸引注意力。此處使用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故填to attract。49考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：筷子在中文中讀成“ kuai zi”，意思是“快要生兒子”，因此一對新婚夫婦將很高興接受筷子作為結婚禮物。此處使用形容詞性物主代詞作定語修飾wedding gift。故填their。50考查主語從句的引導詞。句意：已經發(fā)現(xiàn)的是，使用筷子可以改善人的記憶力。分析句子結構可知，空格處所填的詞引導主語從句并在從句中作主語，指物，意為“東西”，因此

9、使用what。故填What。2.（2020屆廣東省高考模擬 ）You only have one pair of eyes, so take care of them! But do you know that it is tempting to think that your eyes are simply mirrors that reflect whatever is in front of them? Researchers, however, 41 ( show) that your brain is constantly working to create the 42 (impr

10、ess) of an uninterrupted and continuous world. For instance, in the last 10 minutes, you have blinked (眨眼)your eyes around 200 times. You have probably not been aware of any 43 these interruptions in your visual world. Something you probably have not seen in a long time without the aid of mirrors 44

11、 (be) your nose. It is always right there, down in the bottom comer of your vision, but your brain filters it out so that you are not aware of your nose 45 you purposefully look at it. Nor are you aware of the artery (動脈) 46 ( run) right down the middle of your retina (視網 膜).It creates 47 large blin

12、d spot in your visual field, but you never notice the hole it leaves. To see this blind spot 48 (clear) , try the following: cover your left eye with your hand. With your right eye, look at the 0 on the left. As you move your head 49 ( close) to the 0, the X will disappear as it enters the blind spo

13、t 50(cause) by your optical nerve. Your brain works hard to make the world look continuous!【答案】41have shown42impression43of44is45unless46running47a48clearly49closer50caused【解析】這是一篇說明文。人們很容易認為你的眼睛只是一面鏡子，反映出你面前的一切,研究人員已經表明，你的大腦在不斷地工作，以創(chuàng)造出一個不間斷、連續(xù)的世界的印象。視網膜中央的動脈，它在你的視野中形成了一個大的盲點。41考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意“然而，研究人員已經

14、表明，你的大腦在不斷地工作，以創(chuàng)造出一個不間斷、連續(xù)的世界的印象”，此處指過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產生的影響，應用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語為復數(shù)名詞，助動詞用have。故填have shown。42考查名詞。根據(jù)上文the可知應填名詞，且表示“印象”名詞為impression。故填impression。43考查介詞。根據(jù)短語any of表示“中的任何一個”，故填of。44考查主謂一致。本句主語為something，且描述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，故謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故填is。45考查連詞。根據(jù)句意“除非你有目的地看它”可知，此處為條件狀語從句，表示“除非”應用unless。故填unless。46考查非

15、謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知run在句中應用非謂語動詞形式作狀語，與邏輯主語artery構成主動關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填running。47考查冠詞。spot為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指應用不定冠詞，且large為輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。48考查副詞。修飾動詞see應用副詞clearly，表示“清楚地”。故填clearly。49考查比較級。句意：當你的頭離0更近的時候，X就會消失，因為它進入了由你的視神經引起的盲點。結合句意表示“更近”應用形容詞比較級closer。故填closer。50考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知cause在句中應用非謂語動詞形式，且與邏輯主語blind spot構成被動關

16、系，故用過去分詞。故填caused。3.（2020屆廣東省深圳市高三第一次調研 ）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Reading a book can open the door to a wonderful new world of magic and 41(discover), which is why people all around the world love to read. Every year many notable prizes 42 (award) to the creative minds behind the books we enj

17、oy. One such prize goes to the best new work of childrens fiction.Known as the Newbery Medal, the award got started back in 1921, 43 Frederic Melcher suggested the American Library Association set up an annual award 44 the best new childrens book. Everyone agreed, and they 45 (eventual) decided to n

18、ame the award after John Newbery, an 18th-century English publisher who had made great efforts 46 (promote) childrens literature. The winning book is selected by a committee that 47 (vary) from year to year, and the process of 48 (choose) a winner takes an entire year. Sometimes, 49 committee will d

19、esignate (指定)honor books, which are books that might not have won the award, but are still considered to be very50 (impress). So next time you are at the bookstore, take a look at the childrens section.【答案】41discovery42are awarded43when44for45eventually46to promote47varies48choosing49the50impressive

20、【解析】本文是說明文。讀書可以開闊人們的視野，發(fā)現(xiàn)未知世界的秘密。文章介紹了兒童讀物獎“紐伯里獎”的來歷。41考查名詞。句意：讀書可以打開神奇的世界之門并給人們帶來新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，這就是全世界的人們都喜歡讀書的原因。此處需要填入名詞和magic并列，它們一起來作介詞of的賓語，discover的名詞是discovery，它在句子中作為不可數(shù)名詞使用。故填discovery。42考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：每年，我們喜歡的書背后的創(chuàng)新思維都會獲得許多杰出的獎項。由every year可知，句子要使用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語prizes承受award的動作，因此award還要使用被動語態(tài)。故填are awarded。

21、43考查定語從句的引導詞。句意：該獎項被稱為紐伯里獎，該獎項始于1921年，當時弗雷德里克·梅爾徹（Frederic Melcher）建議美國圖書館協(xié)會設立年度最佳新兒童讀物獎。分析句子結構可知，空格處引導定語從句，先行詞是1921，它在從句中作狀語，因此使用when引導定語從句。故填when。44考查介詞。句意：該獎項被稱為紐伯里獎，該獎項始于1921年，當時弗雷德里克·梅爾徹（Frederic Melcher）建議美國圖書館協(xié)會設立年度最佳新兒童讀物獎。此處需要填入介詞，結合句意及語境，應使用for，表示“為了”。故填for。45考查副詞。句意：大家都同意了，他們最終決

22、定以18世紀英國出版商約翰·紐伯里（John Newbery）的名字命名，他為促進兒童文學做出了巨大的努力。副詞作狀語修飾動詞decided。故填eventually。46考查固定短語。句意：大家都同意了，他們最終決定以18世紀英國出版商約翰·紐伯里（John Newbery）的名字命名，他為促進兒童文學做出了巨大的努力。make great efforts to do是固定結構，意為“努力做某事”。故填to promote。47考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：獲獎書是由每年不同的委員會選出的，而選出獲獎者的過程則需要一整年的時間。由from year to year可知，定語從

23、句使用一般現(xiàn)在時，committee是從句的主語，因此從句的謂語動詞使用單數(shù)形式。故填varies。48考查動名詞。句意：獲獎書是由每年不同的委員會選出的，而選出獲獎者的過程則需要一整年的時間。此處需要填入動名詞作介詞of的賓語。故填choosing。49考查冠詞。句意：有時，委員會將指定榮譽圖書，這些圖書可能沒有獲得獎項，但仍然被認為是給人留下深刻印象的。此處為第二次提到該委員會，為特指意義，應使用定冠詞。故填the。50考查形容詞。句意：有時，委員會會指定榮譽圖書，這些圖書可能沒有獲得獎項，但仍然被認為是給人留下深刻印象的。be動詞后接形容詞作表語，結合句意使用impress的形容詞imp

24、ressive。故填impressive。4.（2020屆河南省安陽市高三第二次模擬）It takes a lot of land and water 41 (grow) animals. People might one day grow meat in factories instead of having to harvest it from farmed animals. Growing meat in a lab could mean 42 (use) fewer animals and lowering the 43 (environment) costs of raising l

25、ivestock（牲畜）. So far, no attempts at lab-grown meat 44 (manage) to match the texture（結構，口感）of the animal muscles eaten as meat. One new development does this by using a technique of making cotton candy. It grows meat with more structures.Researchers have already known how to grow cells, 45 are the b

26、asis of meat. However, a pile of cells does not have the chewy texture of a chicken breast. Cells without a support 46 (be) more like a soup, or at best a meatball . The new process resembles 47 way that cotton candy is made, except that it uses gelatin（明膠）instead of melted sugar. The lab-grown samp

27、les all look like the different natural 48 (meat). And they have similar material nature, too. The nature affects how chewy, springy or soft the meat is. 49 controlling how the gelatin fibers are twisted, the scientists can set the fibers arrangement and spacing, which determines 50 the man-made mea

28、t ends up more like a burger or a steak.【答案】41to grow42using43environmental44have managed45which46are47the48meats49By50whether【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的科技技術：一種利用制作棉花糖的技術來制造肉。41考查固定句式。句意：飼養(yǎng)動物需要大量的土地和水。it takes sth to do，固定句式，意為“需要做某事”。故填to grow。42考查動名詞和固定結構。句意：在實驗室里種植肉類可能意味著使用更少的動物和降低飼養(yǎng)牲畜的環(huán)境成本。mean doin

29、g sth，固定結構，意為“意味著做某事”。故填using。43考查形容詞。句意：在實驗室里種植肉類可能意味著使用更少的動物和降低飼養(yǎng)牲畜的環(huán)境成本。分析可知，所填空應是形容詞作定語修飾之后的名詞costs(費用；成本)。故填environmental。44考查時態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，還沒有人嘗試過在實驗室里培育出與食用動物肌肉結構相匹配的肉。根據(jù)時間狀語so far可知應是現(xiàn)在完成時。故填have managed。45考查定語從句。句意：研究人員已經知道如何培養(yǎng)作為肉類基礎的細胞。分析可知，“_5_ are the basis of meat”應是之前名詞cells的非限制性定語從句，先行詞

30、在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。46考查時態(tài)。句意：沒有支撐物的細胞更像湯，或者至多像個肉丸子。分析可知，所填空在句中作謂語，結合語境可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為“Cells”，名詞復數(shù)，謂語動詞應用復數(shù)形式。故填are。47考查冠詞。句意：新工藝類似于棉花糖的制作方法，只不過它使用的是明膠，而不是融化的糖。分析可知，所填空之后為名詞way，應有冠詞作限定詞，且之后有定語從句修飾，表特指，應用定冠詞the。故填the。48考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：實驗室培養(yǎng)的樣本看起來都像是不同的天然肉類。分析可知，當表達各種各樣不同種類的肉時，名詞meat可用復數(shù)形式表達。故填meat

31、s。49考查介詞。句意：通過控制明膠纖維的扭曲方式，科學家們可以設定纖維的排列和間距，從而決定人造肉最終是更像漢堡還是牛排。分析可知，“_9_ controlling how the gelatin fibers are twisted”應是句中的方式狀語，by doing，“通過做某事的方式”，在句中可作方式狀語。故填By。50考查賓語從句。句意：通過控制明膠纖維的扭曲方式，科學家們可以設定纖維的排列和間距，從而決定人造肉最終是更像漢堡還是牛排。分析可知，“_10_ the man-made meat ends up more like a burger or a steak”應是賓語從句，

32、結合句意可知，從句句子結構完整，表達不確定性，應用“是否”含義連接詞，且從句中含有“or”，whetheror，“是還是”符合句意。故填whether。5.（2020屆湖南省衡陽市高三畢業(yè)班聯(lián)考）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热荩?個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。The earliest elephant relatives 41(originate) in Africa about 60 million years ago and were driven away to every continent unearth, except Antarctica and Australia. T

33、here are about 165 42(know) elephant species from the fossil record. However, scientists estimate that there would have been many more species that we havent found yet in this branch of 43 evolutionary tree of life. 44 Earths more recent history, between 50,000 and 40,000 years ago, there were 16 sp

34、ecies of elephants with their relatives 45(live) at the same time around the world, including at least seven in the United States. Today, there are only three species of elephants that remain: the African savannah elephant (薩凡納象), the African forest elephant, and the Asian elephant. 46 (population)

35、of all three species are declining, with Asian elephants47 (current) at a much higher risk of extinction.Todays elephants are part of the order Proboscidea (長鼻目) that consists of modern elephants and their extinct relatives. This kind of, the animals 48(have)a proboscis, or trunk, which they use to

36、eat and drink. 49today there are only three species of elephants surviving, their evolutionary history is much 50 (diverse).【答案】41originated42known43the44In45living46Populations47currently48has49While/ Although /Though50more diverse【解析】本文是說明文。文章講述了大象物種的演變和現(xiàn)狀。41考查動詞時態(tài)。about 60 million years ago提示本句用一

37、般過去時。故填originated。42考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，are是謂語動詞，前后沒有連詞，know要用非謂語形式，它與物種是被動關系。故填known。43考查冠詞。在生命的進化中，表示特指。故填the。44考查介詞。在地球近期歷史中，inhistory。故填In。45考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，這里是with+賓語+賓補結構，親戚和住是主動關系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，故填living。46考查名詞復數(shù)。表示三個物種的數(shù)量用復數(shù)名詞，are提示主語是復數(shù)，故填Populations。47考查副詞。副詞修飾介詞短語。故填currently。48考查動詞時態(tài)。分析句子結構主語是this

38、kind，謂語用單數(shù)，這種大象使用象鼻幫助吃東西喝水。故填has。49考查狀語從句連接詞。前后表示讓步，雖然現(xiàn)存大象物種減少到三種，但它們的進化史卻更加多樣化。故填While/ Although /Though。50考查形容詞比較級。be動詞后用形容詞，much修飾形容詞比較級。故填more diverse。6.（2020屆湖南省岳陽市高三教學質量檢測） 閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1 個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。The maned wolf is a weird -looking beast. It is41distinct species in the Canidae family

39、.The wolves live in a vast tropical savanna in South America 42(call) the Corrado, which boasts extraordinary varieties of plants and animals. But that habitat43(disappear )gradually due to rapid expansion of agriculture.According to Smithsonian scientist Songsasen, this large-scale habitat44 (lose)

40、 threatens the future of the maned wolf species. Eight percent of the grassland has disappeared, and only five percent of the natural habitat that remains 45(protect) at present.So Songsasen and his team are attempting to breed an insurance population of maned wolves, 46(basic), a backup population

41、of captive maned wolves 47case the animals become extinct in the wild.In order to play matchmaker for the wolves, Songsasen works with scientists all over the country 48(build) a genetic database of the wolves currently in captivity. Each wolf is given a genetic value corresponding with49related the

42、y are to other wolves. The 50(little) related two wolves are, the better suited they are as potential mates. That s because genetic diversity helps a population survive.【答案】41a42called43is disappearing44loss45is protected/is being protected46basically47in48to build49how50less【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了鬃狼這種動物，

43、這些狼生活在南美洲一個叫做科拉多的熱帶大草原上，那里有各種各樣的植物和動物。但是由于農業(yè)的迅速擴張，這種棲息地正在逐漸消失。以及人們?yōu)楸Ｗo這種動物采取的措施。41考查冠詞。后文species表示“物種”此處泛指應用不定冠詞，且distinct為輔音音素開頭的單詞。故填a。42考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知call在句中應用非謂語動詞形式做狀語，與邏輯主語wolves構成被動關系，故用過去分詞。故填called。43考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：但是由于農業(yè)的迅速擴張，這種棲息地正在逐漸消失。表示目前正在進行的動作應用現(xiàn)在進行時，主語為habitat，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。故填is disappearing。

44、44考查名詞。此處做主語表示“喪失”應用名詞loss。故填loss。45考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。此處可理解為陳述客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，也可理解為目前正在進行的動作用現(xiàn)在進行時，主語與謂語動詞構成被動關系，主語為only five percent of the natural habitat，謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。故填is protected/is being protected。46考查副詞。修飾后文整個句子應用副詞basically，表示“基本上”。故填basically。47考查介詞。此處為目的狀語從句，表示“以防，以免”短語為in case。故填in。48考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知bui

45、ld在句中應用非謂語動詞形式，且本句中表目的應用不定式。故填to build。49考查連接詞。此處為賓語從句，且修飾后文形容詞related應用how。故填how。50考查比較級。此處為固定結構“the+比較級，the+比較級”表示“越，越”。故填less。7.（2020屆江西省重點中學協(xié)作體高三第一次聯(lián)考）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。When you say that someone has a good memory, what do you mean? Are you saying the person has fast recall or that

46、she or he absorbs information quickly? Or maybe you just mean that the person remembers a lot about the childhood. The41( true ) is that it is difficult to say exactly what memory is. Scientists believe that a memory is made up of bits and pieces of information42(store) all over the brain. Perhaps t

47、he best way to describe memory is to say that it is a process 43 recording, storing and retrieving (提取) information. It is this process 44 allows us to keep memories of past events and facts. In order for information to be remembered, it must be recorded in the brain. And 45(record) something in bra

48、in, you have to notice it or register it, using46 or more of your five sensessight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. Through practice and repetition the pieces that make up your memory of that information 47(strengthen).Memory can be48(negative) affected by a number of things. Poor nutrition and de

49、pression can affect the ability to keep information. Over-drinking alcohol can also lead to49(damage) the brain over the long term. A vision or hearing impairment (損傷) may affect the ability to notice certain things, thus making 50harder to record information.【答案】41truth42stored43of44that45to record

50、46one47are strengthened/will be strengthened48negatively49damaging50it【解析】這是一篇說明文。介紹了記憶的概念、過程及一些影響記憶的消極因素。41考查名詞。定冠詞the修飾名詞，且此空在句中作主語。因此將形容詞true變成名詞truth。故填truth。42考查非謂語動詞。store和邏輯主語information之間是被動關系，因此用過去分詞作后置定語修飾名詞。故填stored。43考查介詞。句意：或許，最好的描述記憶的方式是說它是一個記錄、儲存和提取信息的過程。短語a process of意為“的過程”。故填of。44考

51、查強調句。強調句句型結構“it is/was +被強調的部分+that/who +其他”，本句被強調的部分指物，因此用that。故填that。45考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了在腦中記錄一些事，你不得不注意或者記住它，使用一種或一種以上你的五官。此處to do不定式表目的，作狀語。故填to record。46考查數(shù)詞。句意：為了在腦中記錄一些事，你不得不注意或者記住它，使用一種或一種以上你的感官。由句意可知，當你記錄信息的時候，會用到一種或多種感官。故填one。47考查被動語態(tài)和時態(tài)。動詞strengthen和主語the pieces of that information之間是被動關系，主語是復

52、數(shù)，謂語動詞也用復數(shù)。用一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時表陳述事實都可以，意為：“那個信息的片段會被加強/將會被加強。故填are strengthened/will be strengthened。48考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞affected，因此將形容詞negative變成negatively。故填negatively。49考查動名詞。短語lead to意為“導致”；to是介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。因此將動詞damage變成動名詞damage。故填damaging。50考查代詞。making真正的賓語是后邊的to do 不定式，空處代詞it作形式賓語。故填it。8.（2020屆山西省太原市高三模擬 ）閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。As to garlic and raw onion, you might want to avoid their after-effects, but many of these41(positive) unfriendly foods are good for you. In fact, although the smell