1、1語法填空專項（一）語法填空專項（一）代詞代詞2一、人稱代詞一、人稱代詞1)1)人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。342)人稱代詞有人稱代詞有主格和賓格主格和賓格之分。通常之分。通常主格作主格作主語主語，賓格作賓語賓格作賓語。如：。如： I like table tennis. （作主語）（作主語）Do you know him?（作賓語）（作賓語）3)人稱代詞還可作人稱代詞還可作表語表語。作。作表語時用賓格表語時用賓格。如：如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.4)人稱代詞在人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行

2、之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用比較時，用主格和賓格主格和賓格都可以。如：都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am. 5二、二、 物主代詞物主代詞1)表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，如下表所示。物主代詞，如下表所示。 6 72)形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，形容詞，可在句中作可在句中作定語定語。例如：。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pe

3、ncil-box.3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞名詞，在句，在句中可用作中可用作主語、賓語和表語主語、賓語和表語。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作（作主語）主語）- Is this English-book yours? （作表語）（作表語）- No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作賓語）（作賓語） 8三、三、 反身代詞反身代詞o英語中用來表示英語中用來表示我自己我自己，你自己你自己

4、，他他自己自己，我們自己我們自己，你們自己你們自己等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。910 反身代詞可以在句中作反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位賓語，表語，同位語。語。 1)作作賓語賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。發(fā)出者，主語和賓語指同一個人或一些人。 He called himself a writer2)作作表語表語。It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon 3)作主語或賓語的同位語作主語或賓

5、語的同位語，表示親自或本，表示親自或本人。人。 I myself washed the clothes11oenjoy oneselfomake oneself at homeomake oneself understoodheardofor oneself 為自己為自己oby oneself 獨自地獨自地oof oneself 自然地，自動地自然地，自動地The door opened of itself.The fire went out of itself.反身代詞相關(guān)短語反身代詞相關(guān)短語 12中文中文主格主格賓格賓格所有格所有格名詞性物代名詞性物代反身代詞反身代詞我我我們我們你你你們你

6、們他他她她它它他們他們 I me my mine myself we us our ours ourselvesyou you your yours yourselfyou you your yours yourselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itselfthey them their theirs themselves13四、四、 指示代詞指示代詞指示代詞包括：指示代詞包括：thisthis，thatthat，thesethese，thosethose。 1) this1) this和和

7、thesethese一般用來指一般用來指在時間或空間上在時間或空間上較近的事物或人較近的事物或人，thatthat和和thosethose則則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如：，例如： This is a pen and that is a pencil We are busy these days In those days the workers had a hard time 142)2)有時有時thatthat和和thosethose指前面指前面講到過的事講到過的事物物，this this 和和thesethese則是指則是指下面將要講下面將要講 到的事物

8、到的事物，例如：，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English153)有時有時為了避免重復提到的名詞為了避免重復提到的名詞，常可，常可用用that或或those代替，例如：代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 4)this 在電話用語中代表自己在電話用語中代表自己，that

9、則則代表對方。例如：代表對方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking? 16The Use of “it”代詞代詞 it引導詞引導詞 itIt句型的歸納句型的歸納 Sentences With “it”17 1. 用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到過的事物 My pen is missing. I cant find it anywhere.-Who is knocking at the door?- Its me.Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?代詞代詞 - it18 2

10、 用以代替指示代詞用以代替指示代詞this, that- Whats this?- Whose exercise-book is that? - Its hers.代詞代詞 - it- Its a flag.19 3. 表示時間、天氣、距離表示時間、天氣、距離季節(jié)、季節(jié)、 環(huán)境、情況等環(huán)境、情況等Its time for lunch.When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.Its about two hours from here to the zoo. Its winter now. It was very quiet (noisy) at

11、the moment. 代詞代詞 - it20 4. 作作形式主語形式主語，代替由不定式（或不定，代替由不定式（或不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)）、動名詞或從句表示的真正式復合結(jié)構(gòu)）、動名詞或從句表示的真正主語。主語。 It is exciting to find an ancient tomb. (代代替不定式替不定式) It was wrong for you not to help her. (代代替不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)替不定式復合結(jié)構(gòu)) It is believed that this man found in the grave was from a rich family.（代替主語（代替主語從句）從句

12、）21 5作作形式賓語形式賓語，代替由不定式、，代替由不定式、動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。動名詞或從句表示的真正賓語。He feels it his duty to help others.We thought it no use doing that.I find it difficult to solve the problem.22 6用在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用在強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中。常用強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu) “It is (was) + 被強調(diào)成分被強調(diào)成分+ that (或或who) ”I saw Li Ping in the street yesterday.23It was I that / wh

13、o saw Li Ping in the street this morning.It was Li Ping that I saw in the street this morning.It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.It was yesterday that I saw Li Ping in the street.24引導詞引導詞 - it強調(diào)強調(diào)not until結(jié)構(gòu)時將此結(jié)構(gòu)置結(jié)構(gòu)時將此結(jié)構(gòu)置于于It is (was) that句型中，句型中，that后接肯定式。后接肯定式。I didnt go to bed u

14、ntil I had finished my homework last night.It was that not until I had finished my homework last night I went to bed.251. It + be + adj. + of sb. + 不定式不定式sb. + be + adj. + 不定式不定式 It is very kind of you to help us. ( = You are kind to help us. ) Its cruel of him to kill that animal.It句型的歸納句型的歸納clever

15、, bright, foolish, stupid, silly, wise, careful, careless, rude, impolite, nice, right, wrong, silly, good, brave, honest ,etc. 262. It + be + adj. + for sb. +to do It is difficult for us to learn English.It is important for her to come to the party. 常見的形容詞有：常見的形容詞有： important， necessary， natural ea

16、sy ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant ,etc. 273. It + takes + sb. + some time +to do 表示表示“做某事花費某人多長時間做某事花費某人多長時間” It took him some time to find the elephant. sb. + spend + some time + (in) doingHe spent some time (in) finding the elephant.4.It co

17、sts + sb. + some money +to do285. It is + no use + 動名詞動名詞It is no use regretting your past mistakes.It is no use crying over split milk. It is no good learning English without speaking English. 能以能以動名詞動名詞作主語的這類句子并不多，作主語的這類句子并不多，主要在以主要在以no good, no use, useless, worthwhile, 等詞作表語的句子中用。等詞作表語的句子中用。296.

18、 It + be + adj. /n. + that-clauseIt is very clear that hes tall like a tree. It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.Adj: obvious, necessary，right，strange， natural, trueN: a fact, a shame, an honor, no wonder307. It + be + 過去分詞過去分詞 + that-clauseIt is said that he has been ill for years.適用于這種句型

19、的動詞有適用于這種句型的動詞有report, announce, decide, learn, expect, arrange, suggest, etc.He is said to have been ill for years.318. It + looks as if / seems + that-clauseIt seems that they are talking. 用于這種句型的動詞用于這種句型的動詞happen, turn out, appears等等It happened that she was not at home.It turned out that he was B

20、ushs father.It looks as if he is ill.329. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 該句型中的該句型中的 that 從句用完成時態(tài)。至于用從句用完成時態(tài)。至于用什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)什么完成時態(tài)，由主句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)決定。如果是一般現(xiàn)在時，后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從在完成時態(tài)；如果是一般過去時，后面從句則用過去完成時態(tài)，句則用過去完成時態(tài)，It is the first time I have been here. = This is th

21、e first time I have been here. It was the first time I had been here. 3310. It + be + time + for It + be + time + (for sb.) + to do It + be + time + that 表示表示“該做某事了該做某事了” It is time for supper. It is time (for us ) to have supper. It is time that we had supper. that從句中要用虛擬語氣從句中要用虛擬語氣 Its time that t

22、his problem was / should be solved34Practice time35 五、不定代詞：五、不定代詞： o some anyo onebothallo manymuch o few littlea fewa littleo eacheveryo eitherneithero otherothers the other the others another36 (1)some與與any：some一般用于肯定句中一般用于肯定句中，但在表示請求并希望對方能給予肯定回，但在表示請求并希望對方能給予肯定回答時，可用于疑問句中；答時，可用于疑問句中；any一般用于否一般用于否

23、定和疑問句中，但當定和疑問句中，但當any強調(diào)強調(diào)“任何任何”時時，也可用于肯定句中。，也可用于肯定句中。同理，同理，something，somebody，someone的的用法同用法同some；anything，anybody，anyone的用法同的用法同any。 37o用法用法： some用于肯定句中用于肯定句中,用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示“某某一一”。 I have some friends. Smith went to some place in England.（定語）（定語） o在期待對方回答在期待對方回答yes 時，時，some用在表示請求或邀請的問句用在表示請

24、求或邀請的問句中。中。 Would you like some bananas?（邀請）（邀請） Mum could you give me some money?(請求請求) oany用于疑問句和否定句用于疑問句和否定句 。 Is there any student in the classroom? No ,there isnt any student.o any用于肯定句表示用于肯定句表示“任何任何”的意思。的意思。 Any day is okay for me. 38one,both,all oone指人或物，指人或物，“一個一個”，其復數(shù)為，其復數(shù)為ones, This is not

25、 the one I want.(表語表語) oboth指人或指物，指人或指物，“兩者都兩者都” 如：如： This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定語定語) Both my parents like this film. oall “全部的全部的”、“整個的整個的”，可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，可與可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞連用，表示表示“所有的所有的”、“全部的全部的”，指三個或三個以上的人或物。，指三個或三個以上的人或物。 He gave me all the money.他把全部的錢給了我。他把全部的錢給了我。 All the scho

26、ols are flooded.所有的學校都被淹了。所有的學校都被淹了。 39注意：注意：all 用于否定句，表示部分否定，完用于否定句，表示部分否定，完全否定用全否定用none。如：。如： Not all the ants go out for food. All the ants dont go out for food. 并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。并不是所有的螞蟻都出去尋找食物。 None of the money is mine. 這錢一分也不是我的。這錢一分也不是我的。 40many和和much few, little; a few, a little ofew和和little

27、表示沒有多少，含表示沒有多少，含否定意義；而否定意義；而a few 和和a little表示有一些，有幾個，含肯定意表示有一些，有幾個，含肯定意義。另外，義。另外，few、a few 修飾修飾可數(shù)名詞；可數(shù)名詞；little、a little修飾修飾不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中常用作不可數(shù)名詞。它們在句中常用作定語、主語和賓語。定語、主語和賓語。41each和和every oeach（各個），指兩個或兩個以上的人或（各個），指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，物，側(cè)重個體側(cè)重個體. every（每個），指三個或（每個），指三個或三個以上的人或物，三個以上的人或物，側(cè)重整體側(cè)重整體，在句中只能，在句中只能作作定

28、語定語。 Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定語，定語，強調(diào)班上強調(diào)班上“所有的人所有的人”) Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定語，定語，強調(diào)各個個體強調(diào)各個個體） Each of them has been there.（主語主語） The teacher gave each of the students a new textbook.（賓語賓語） We each got a ticket.（同位語同位語） 42either和和neither oeither是是“兩者中任何一個兩者中任何一個”的意思，可修飾或的意思，可修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，neither是是“兩者中沒有一個兩者中沒有一個”的意思，可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它們可在的意思，可以修飾或代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，它們可在句在作主語、賓語或定語。如：句在作主語、賓語或定語。如： Here are two pen