1、專題01名詞考點(diǎn)一、名詞的分類及用法名詞意義: 表示人/事物或抽象概念的詞。如: shanghai, lilei, desk專有名詞普通名詞國(guó)名 地名 人名 團(tuán)體 機(jī)構(gòu)名稱可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞個(gè)體名詞集體名詞抽象名詞 物質(zhì)名詞首字母大寫表單個(gè)的人或者事物表一群人或一些事物的總稱表無法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)表抽象概念的詞如: jim, june, china, harbin.teacher, applefamily,policewater, moneyhealth, friendship考點(diǎn)二、可數(shù)名詞(個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式a.不規(guī)則變化常見的有:man-men, woman-women, fo

2、ot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice.單復(fù)數(shù)同型:chinese japanese people sheep deer fish(中日友好永不變) a chinesetwo chinese; a japanese four japanese(英法聯(lián)盟a變e) an englisheight englishmen; an frenchmannine frenchmen(其他后面加s) a germanfive germansb.規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成例詞一般的詞sday-days desk-desks以s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾esmatc

3、h-matches boss-bosses*tomatoes, potatoes, heroes以輔音y結(jié)尾改y為iesbaby-babies fly-flies以f/fe結(jié)尾改f為veswife-wives leaf-leaves考點(diǎn)三、不可數(shù)名詞及其用法(1) 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與a/an或具體數(shù)字連用,但特指某物時(shí)可以與定冠詞the連用。(2) 要表示一定的數(shù)量時(shí),常與a cup of, a piece of 等量詞連用,如a cup of tea一杯茶; two bottles of water兩瓶水(3) 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有:a little(一點(diǎn)),little(幾

4、乎沒有),much/a great deal of/a large amount of(許多)workhomeworkweatheradvicenewsprogressinformationhouseworkfunweightknowledgeenglishfooddrinkorangericebreadmeatchickenporkbeef.考點(diǎn)四、名詞的所有格的構(gòu)成及其用法。名詞的所有格：在英語中,有生命的名詞及表示時(shí)間 距離 國(guó)家 城市的名詞,常在詞尾加's表示所屬關(guān)系,叫做名詞的所有格。翻譯成:"的"。如:tom's bike (湯姆的單車)名詞的所

5、有格例詞 例句 直接在詞尾加'skate's bag, children's day, women's day 以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格,在詞尾加'teachers' day, students' books 表示兩人共同擁有的人或物,在后一個(gè)人名后加'slucy and lily's mother (共同的媽媽) 表示兩人分別擁有的人或物,則兩個(gè)人名后都要加'stom's and jim's rooms (各自的房間) 表某人的家 店鋪 住宅 公共建筑等地名時(shí),所有格后面的名詞常常省略:at the

6、doctor's(在醫(yī)務(wù)室); at tom's (在湯姆的家) 表示無生命名詞的所有格,用of 表達(dá)the door of the room, the color of the clothes 雙重所有格:用's所有格/ 與 of 所有格相結(jié)合。a friend of my father's, a book of mine注意:但是有些表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、價(jià)值、國(guó)家和城市等無生命的名詞,也可加's構(gòu)成所有格 今天的報(bào)紙 today's newspaper 八天的假期an 8-day holiday eight days' holida

7、y 五分鐘的步行路程a five-minute walk five minutes' walk一、單項(xiàng)填空1. please keep quiet. if you make a lot of , you may disturb others. a. voiceb. noise c. sound d. singing2. he bought . a. two pairs of shoes b. two pair of shoes c. two pairs of shoe d. two pair of shoe3. where is your seat?its betw

8、een seats, in row 6. a. jack and john b. jacks and john c. jacks and johns d. jack and johns4. he was born in shanxi, but shandong has become his second . a. homeb. family c. house d. place5. mum, im quite thirsty. please give me . a. two orange b. two bottle of oranges c. two bottles

9、 of orange d. two bottles of oranges6. all the teachers and students are having a meeting there. a. women; girls b. women; girl c. woman; girls d. woman; girl7. could you please tell me some about xian international horticultural expo(世界園藝博覽會(huì))? a. informationb. advice c. opinions d. ideas8

10、.they dont have to do today. a. much homework b. many homeworks c. many homework d. much homeworks9. could you please take a(n) for the head teacher? sure, ill be glad to.a. information b. message c. newsd. sentence10.the of most trees will fall in autumn. a. leaf b. leafs c. leaves d

11、. leave11.the little has two already. a. baby; teethb. baby; tooth c. babies; tooth d. babies; teeth12.did you hear any strange when the earthquake happened? no, i was in my garden enjoying the beautiful of my birds at that time. a.voice; noiseb. noise;sound c. voice; sound d. sound;

12、voice13. professor wang gave us a very useful on how to prepare for the exam. a. adviceb. information c. experience d. suggestion14. it is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books,so its important to have real with languages, cultures and societies. a. communication b. exper

13、ience c. knowledge d. influence15.oh, no! we have missed the train. what should we do?im afraid we have no but to wait for another one. a. decisionb. information c. reason d. choice二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.they successfully saved two (child) lives. 2.you should know the (different) between the tw

14、o books. 3.we saw some (mouse)in the dirty old house. 4.every year, （百萬）of people donate money to the hope project5.how excellent your （pronounce） is! you must have a good teacher.6.there are several (library)in the city. 7.there are six (frenchman) talking loudly in the room. 8.

15、(teacher) day is on september 10th. 9.we hope that more （china）will win honour for our country.10.more action must be taken to stop （pollute）三、詞語運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。neighbor people training skill fish chance difficulty learner money thing “thanks for providing us

16、 with such a good training program. the 1 program will help us live well. i will study hard and learn different skills so that i can solve my family 2 and do good to others.” a learner on the job training program said, feeling excited. the 3 father is disabled, and his mother is ill in bed. the fami

17、ly is very poor. so he has to find a job to make 4 . the learner graduated from high school and didnt have the chance to go to the college. the job training program can help him to learn the 5 that hell need in the work place.the story makes me think of another story. it goes like this: long long ag

18、o, there was a man, he was able to catch a lot of 6 every day. he always shared his fish with his 7 because they didnt know how to fish. one day, he called them together to show them how to fish. everyone was happy as they could eat the fish they caught by themselves.now, there are still many poor 8

19、 in the world. but its not good if we give only food to them. instead, we should give them a 9 to learn new skills. therefore, technical training is very important to people in need and they will learn the skills to make money. people can learn lots of useful 10 in the training program and what they

20、 learn can help them find jobs.四、完形填空tom woke up on monday morning. he felt sick. he always felt sick on monday 1 . he had to go to school for a whole week! he almost wished there were no 2 . it was even more difficult for him to go back to school!he lay in bed and wondered what 3 he could make this

21、 time. he looked at his body, but could find nothing wrong. a little headache? no. he had used that excuse many 4 . then he realized that one of his 5 was loose(松動(dòng)). good! he was just going to start groaning(呻吟) when he thought that aunt polly would pull the tooth out. that would hurt! he looked for

22、 something else. suddenly he remembered what the doctor had said about a certain problem with 6 . he pulled his right 7 out and looked at it. one of the toes was really hurting, tom began to groan. “whats wrong with you?” aunt polly asked. “my toe hurts.” the old lady fell into a 8 , smelling a litt

23、le. “tom, you frightened me. now shut upat once and get out of bed.” tom felt like a 9 being caught. “well, it seemed all right. it hurt so much that i forgot my tooth.” “tooth, eh? whats wrong with your tooth?” “one of them is loose and it hurts badly.” “no 10 ,” answered aunt polly. “i can pull it out.” “please, auntie! dont pull it out. it has stopped hurting now. please!” “no way! well, yo