




版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內容提供方,若內容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領
文檔簡介
1、情態動詞情態動詞:表示說話人語氣的單詞。不能單獨做謂語,只能和動詞原形(有時候也說不加to的動詞不定式)一起構成謂語。1、情態動詞沒有人稱和數的變化,情態動詞后面跟的動詞須用原形,否定式構成是在情態動詞后面加 "not"。eg: she can sing an english song. we should do our homework right now. i cant speak english very well.2、 情態動詞的用法(1)can的用法表示體力或腦力方面的“能力”can you drive?你會開車嗎?can you speak english?你會
2、說英語嗎? 表示客觀條件允許you can skate on the lake.(the ice is thick enough.)你可以在湖面上滑冰了(冰層夠厚的了)the airplane can take off now.(the storm has stopped.)飛機可以起飛了(暴風雨停了) you cant park your car here. 你不能在此停車例1:the work is too hard for him. he _ finish it
3、160;on time. a. can't b. mustn't c. shouldn't d. needn'tcan用在否定句和疑問句中時,有時表示說話人的懷疑,驚異、猜測或不肯定:no, no, it cant be true.不,不,這不可能是事實how can you be so careless!你怎么會這么粗心he cant be in the libra
4、ry。他現在不會在圖書館例2: whos singing in the next room? it _ be mary. she has gone to new york. a.cant b. must
5、160;c. shouldnt d. can注意: can 和 be able to在表示能力這一點是同義詞,通常可以通用 i can speak english.=i am able to speak english.但在針對過去情況時,兩者的區別意義明顯,不可混用。在過去情況下,主語“潛能”的實施與否,兩者有區別。比較:1)we could save his life.我們有辦法救活他。 (但未必實施)2)we were able to save his life.我們得以救活他。 (付諸實施)句1)只表示主語有
6、救人的能力,但未必實施;句2)則表示主語非但有救人的能力,而且已成功實施了。但在否定句式中,因為表示主語“無能力”,所以不存在能力的實施問題。這時,兩者意義統一,可以通用。例如:i couldnt/wasnt able to pass the exam.我沒能考及格。he couldn't/wasn't able to live to see his country reunited.他沒能活著親眼見到祖國的重新統一。一般說來, be able to后邊的動詞不定式沒有被動語態。如: im sure he is able to correct his mistakes in g
7、rammar.而不說: im sure his mistakes are able to be corrected by him例3:in china even barren mountains_ turned into fertile fields. a)can b) can be c) is able to d) is able to becould是 can的過去式,可以用來表示過去的能力或“可能性”i could run very fast when i was young. 我年輕時跑得很快i couldnt understand what he said at all. 我一點也聽
8、不懂他說的話例4:mary _my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.a) should have received b) has receivedc) couldn't have receivedd) ought to have received例5:the fire spread very quickly,but luckily everyone_ get out. a、had to b、would c、could d、was able to 表示驚異、懷疑how could you be so careless
9、? 你怎么會這樣粗心we thought the story could not be true. 我們當時以為那個故事不會是真的。可以代替can用于現在的動作,但語氣較為委婉,如:could i use your bike?我可以用一下你的自行車嗎?you could do it this way.你可以把這個男孩帶去(2) may的用法用來詢問或表示允許(在此用法中may和第一人稱連用時都以疑問句形式出現)may i ask you a question?我可以問你一個問題嗎?you may take the boy there.你可以把這個男孩帶去。 &
10、#160; he may come if he likes.如果他想來,可以來they may stay in our house.他們可以在我家歇息。例6: _ i use your eraser, rose? sure. here you are. a. may b. wou
11、ld c. need d. must表示說話人的猜測,認為某一事情“或許”或“可能”發生we may call on you this evening我們也許今天晚上會來看你(們) she may not like this place她可能不喜歡這個地方might 是 may的過去形式,表示詢問或允許或可能、推測等。如:might i give you a piece of advice?我可否給你提個建議(might 比 may更客氣)he told me he might com
12、e.他說他可能來(might與told相呼應都是過去式)i was afraid he might not like this place.我當時擔心他可能不喜歡這個地主(might 與was相呼應,都是表示過去。)【注意】:a。有時might也可用來表示現在的事情,只是可能性比may更小一些,如:he might know her address. 他也許知道她的地址。be careful, you might break it. 小心點,要不你可能會將它打碎bmay(might)后加動詞不定式的完成式可以表示對過去的推測、認為某事在過去“可能”發生,這一用法中may
13、和might都指過去,不過might較may更含蓄或更不肯定。如:he may (might) have watched tv the whole night.(for he looks very sleep)他可能看了一夜電視(因為他看上去非常困倦)they might ( may) not have caught the train.他們可能沒趕緊上車。(3)must的用法表示“必須”或“應當”。如:we must rely on ourselves.我們必須依靠自己you must finish the work before four oclock.你必須在四點前干完這項工作例7:an
14、other cup of tea? no, thanks. i _ be off. gina is waiting for me. a. can b. must c. may 例8:must i get up early tomorrow mor
15、ning? no, _. a. you mustnt b. i dont think you have to c. you cant d. you need例9:it rained heavily, so we _ stay at
16、60;home watchingtv or surfing the internet all day. a. could b. had to c. must must只有現在式而無其他時態變化,通常也只用來表示現在,但有時出可以用must表示過去(多用在間接引語中),如:he told me i must do according to what he said. 他對我說
17、,我必須按他說的做。must也可表示推測,但比may肯定得多,可譯成“一定”或“準是”,如:he must be in the library.他現在準在圖書館it must be four in the morning now.現在一定是到了清晨四點鐘了例10:fifty dollars for such a t-shirt! you _ be joking! im serious. its made of silk. a. must
18、 b. need c. may d. canmust引導的一般疑問句,否定回答是neednt或dont have tomust i finish my homework today, miss liu? no, you neednt /dont have to 。 (4)
19、have to的用法后接動詞原形,表示“不得不、必須”的意思,它比must更含有“客觀條件使得必須如此做”的意思。并有較多的時態,如:we have to get up early.我們不得不早起we will have to get up early tomorrow. 我們明天必須早起we had to get up early at that time. 我們那時不得不早起must和have to的區別: must表示的是說話人的主觀看法,而have to則表示的是客觀需要。must一般只有現在時,而have to有更多的形式。在下面情
20、況下兩都就不宜換用:its raining heavily, we cant go now. i think well have to wait till the rain stops.雨下得太大了,我們現在無法走,我想我們只能等雨停了再走we must ask for permission if we do it.如果我們要干,一定要先征得同意。例11:can you go skating with us this afternoon?sorry, i cant. i _ take care of my little sister at home.a.can b. may c. would
21、d. have to(5)ought to 的用法表示“有義務或有必要”作某事you ought to finish your work before you go home.你每天回家前應把工作做完 you ought not to be so careless. 你不應當這樣粗心表示非常可能的事his father ought to know his address.他你親總該知道他的地址吧if we start work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.如果我們現在開始干,午飯前應當能干完ought to 后接動詞不定
22、時的完成時,如用肯定結構,表示過去某事該做而未做,如用否定結構,則表示過去不該做的事情發生了。you ought to have been more careful.你應當更仔細些才是(但事實是當時沒有仔細行事)you ought not to have interrupted them.你當時不應當打斷他們(的談話),(但當時的事實是打斷了別人的談話。)【注意】:此用法相當于”should (not) have done”結構 例:they _ discuss it now. a. ought to
23、;not b. not ought to c. dont ought to d. ought not to例: ought we to clean the classroom now? - yes, we _. &
24、#160; a. ought b. should c. must d. can(6) dare的用法dare 表示“敢”的意思,它的過去時是dared除在”i dare say”這種結構中,dare極少用作肯定結構中的情態動詞一般用在否定句和疑問句中,和其他情態動詞一樣,dare 不隨人稱變化而變,后面所跟的動詞不定式不帶to也就是動詞原形。如:i dare not tell the truth.我不敢照實說
25、出dare she go out alone at night?她敢一個人夜間出去嗎?dare也有實義動詞形式,在現在英語中,dare用作實義動詞的時候更多一些。(7)need的用法need表示“需要”,用法與dare 幾乎完全相同,即用于否定句和疑問句中,本身無變化。例: need you go to work now? yes, i _. a. must b. need
26、0; c. can d. dare在肯定句中通常用need有實義動詞形式,用法同其他實義動詞一樣,如:i think he needs to do it again.我認為他需要重新做一次。(此句中的needs是實義動詞。)【注意】:need后面有名詞或動名詞作賓語時,need是實義動詞,但后接動名詞的句子相當于被動語態,如:we need some more hands. 我們需要更多的幫手the garden needs cleaning.(=the garden needs to be cleaned.)
27、0; 院子要清掃了the flowers need watering.(=the flowers need to be watered.) 花要澆水了 例:8. your room is full of dust. it_. a. need clean b. need cleaning c. need to be cle
28、aned d. needs to be cleaned need和dare作情態動詞和實義動詞的區別:兩者作情態動詞時常用于否定句和疑問句。其形式為:neednt/darent do;need/daredo?做實義動詞時可用于肯定句,否定句和疑問句。其形式為:need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, dont(doesnt/didnt) need/dare to do注意:句型i dare say+從句。 意思是:我肯定 = im sure或there is no doubt
29、that+從句。例句:i dare say /im sure/there is no doubt that my uncle will get the money if i die.(8) shall的用法主要用于第一人稱的疑問句中,表示征求對方意見。如:what shall i do now?我現在該干點什么shall we go together?咱們一起走好嗎例:what _ we do tonight.a.will b.shall c.should (9) should的用法表示“勸告、建議”,譯作“應當”you should study hard.你應當努力學習you should
30、listen to the doctors advice.你應當聽大夫的話we should help each other.我們應當互相幫助例:we _ help the people in need. a. can b. ought to c. should d. could 表示“推測、可能”the
31、y should get home by now.他們現在該到家了the book should be available in the bookstore.這本書在書店里可能有賣的后接動詞完成式時,表示過去的事情,肯定結構表示該做沒做;否定結構表示不該做,但發生了。i should have written you earlier.我應當早引起給你寫回信(但沒寫)you shouldnt have told him this.你不應當把這告訴他。(但告訴了)例:i missed the train. you _ me th
32、at the timetable had changed. a. should to tell b. should have told c. ought have to tell d. ought have told ought to和should的區別:表示出于法令規則、行為準
33、則、道德責任等客觀情況而“應該”做某事時,一般應用ought to,若用should則含有個人意見,強調主觀看法.在公告、須知或條例中,出于禮貌,常用should.如:we ought to go and see mary tomorrow,but i dont think we will.明天我們按理應該去看看瑪麗,但是我認為我們不會去(此句不宜用should).you should not run alongside the swimming-pool.不準在游泳池邊奔跑例:one _ cross the street against
34、60;the red light. a. ought not b. ought to not c. shouldnt to d. oughtnt to (10) will, would的用法主要用于第二人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人向對方提出請求,would較 will更委婉些will you help me? 你能幫幫我嗎?wou
35、ld you like some tea? 你想喝點茶嗎?will you please tell me the way to the station? 請問到車站怎么走?would you的回答方式有以下幾種:yes, i will. (no, i wont.) sure.(im sorry,i cant.) all right/ok/ with pleasure. certainly. (no, thank y
36、ou .) yes, please.例:would you do me a favor?_. a. thats right b.with pleasure d.no trouble(11) used to的用法后接動詞原形,表示以前經常發生的動作,但現在不是這樣了(通常用于肯定句中)。i used to get up early,我以前經常早起(現在不是這樣了)he used to read aloud everyday. 他以前天天朗讀(但
37、現在不是了)注意:句型“be + used to”后接動名詞或名詞,表示“習慣“:i am not quite used to the weather, here. 我不大習慣這里的天氣are you used to the food in beijing?你現在習慣吃北京的飯了嗎? im used to getting up early.我習慣早起。 used to和would的區別: used to表示過去常常做現在已經不再有的習慣,而would只表示過去的習慣或喜好,不涉及現在。練習:1、look at the sign!
38、 oh, i see.we _ waste water. a. can b. must c. mustnt d. neednt 2、must i be home before eight o'clock, mum? no, you _. but y
39、ou have to come back before ten o'clock. a. needn't b. can't c. mustn't3、 _ i borrow your mp3?sure . here you are. a. may b.should&
40、#160; c.must d. would 4、-he_ be in the classroom, i think. -no, he _ be in the classroom. i saw him go home a minute ago. a. can; may not
41、60;b.must; may not c.may; can't d.may; mustn't 5、-shall i get one more cake for you, dad? -thanks, but you_, i've had enough. a. may not b. must
42、160;not c. can't d. needn't 6、even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it _be very difficult. a. may b. must c.
43、60;can d. need 7、he isn't at school. i think he _ be ill. a. can b. shall c. must d. has to 8、_ i take this one? a. may b
44、. will c. are d. do9、need the doctor _ with you tonight? a. staying b. stay c. stays d. to stay10. he must be in the classroom_ he?amustnt bcant c
45、isnt dcan11. lets go to the libraryshall we? _ano,i cant byesi will cyes,thank you dno,wed better not12.- you ought to have called him yesterday-yes, i know i_aought to bought to havecought to have done dought to have called13. -why did you keep it a secret from me?-i _ about itashould be told bought to have been toldcshould have told dought to be told14. the work _ be finished in such a short timeawasnt able to bcouldnt cought dcould15. he looks very tiredhe _ to bed too late last nighta
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網頁內容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內容挪作商業或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內容的表現方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內容負責。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內容,請與我們聯系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 用心準備的2025年網絡規劃設計師考試試題及答案
- 三基新生兒試題及答案
- 工程企業面試題及答案
- 人員出入管理制度
- 芯片儲存倉庫管理制度
- 社會工作者的人際關系維護試題及答案
- 招商物業工裝管理制度
- 挖掘機教練管理制度
- 車輛修理廠管理制度
- 建筑公司會計管理制度
- 超市供貨合同補充協議書
- 2025屆貴州省畢節市高三第四次適應性考試地理試題(原卷版+解析版)
- 自愿倒班協議書
- 湖北省新華書店(集團)有限公司市(縣)分公司招聘筆試題庫2025
- 浙江省強基聯盟2024-2025學年高一下學期5月月考數學試題(含答案)
- 2024淮安市專業技術人員繼續教育試題參考答案
- 2025年公路水運工程重大事故隱患判定標準深度解析
- 機器學習(山東聯盟)知到智慧樹章節測試課后答案2024年秋山東財經大學
- 2024年高考真題-化學(天津卷) 含解析
- 2024年可行性研究報告投資估算及財務分析全套計算表格(含附表-帶只更改標紅部分-操作簡單)
- 湖北省石首楚源“源網荷儲”一體化項目可研報告
評論
0/150
提交評論