1、商務英語商務英語 漢譯英漢譯英一、根據英語的表達習慣確定詞義二、根據專業來確定詞義三、根據詞的搭配關系和上下文來確定詞義一、根據英語的表達習慣確定詞義一、根據英語的表達習慣確定詞義 1、向提出索賠 lodge a claim against 2、既得利益 vested interests 3、公司上下將齊心協力，努力使公司發展成具有國際競爭力的高科技企業集團。 The management together with the rank and file of our company is determined to make consorted efforts to foster the bu

2、siness to grow into a high-tech focused conglomerate with a competitive edge on the international market. 4、本公司本著平等互利、互通有無的原則，積極開展與世界各地老客戶的業務往來，并竭誠為各位朋友提供優質服務。 We hold to the tenet of equality, mutual benefit and mutual complement in developing business connections with old and new customers in the

3、world and shall make effort to give the best services to our customers. 本公司還承辦商品及原材料的來樣、來樣加工，補償貿易，合作生產，合資經營等業務。 The business scope of our corporation also covers/includes customer-oriented processing with supplied materials and samples, compensation trade, co-operation in manufacturing and partnerin

4、g of joint ventures with external businesses. 同時，我國政府已同瑞典、羅馬尼亞、德國、丹麥、荷蘭簽訂了相互促進和保護投資協定，痛加拿大、美國、法國、比利時-盧森堡經濟聯盟、芬蘭、挪威、泰國、意大利、奧地利簽訂了投資保護協定，還同日本、美國、法國、德國、英國、比利時等國簽訂了雙重征稅協定。我國還參加了保護工業產權（包括技術轉讓）的巴黎公約。 Meanwhile, the Chinese Government has signed agreements on mutual promotion and protection of investment w

5、ith Sweden, Rumania, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands, agreement on the protection of investment with Canada, the USA, Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union(BLEU), Finland, Norway, Thailand, Italy, Austria and double taxation relief treaties with Japan, the USA, France, Germany, British, Belgium and

6、 other countries. China is a member of the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property(including technology transfer).二、根據專業來確定詞義二、根據專業來確定詞義 1、良好的內包裝可以其創意設計和適宜的色彩打動消費者。 Good inner packaging may impress consumers with creative designs and suitable colors. 2、不僅僅是各家銀行所發生的恐慌性擠兌，還有那如滾雪球般的取

7、消存款，都有可能引發大致金融危機的不良反應。 Not only a panic run on banks ,but snowballing deposit cancellation could trigger an ominous chain reaction leading to a financial crisis. 3、 由于不良貸款處置以及股市下挫等負擔，所有七大銀行集團在其2010年利潤報表中，均報告已連續第二個會計年度出現稅后虧損。 All seven major banking groups reported after-tax losses for the second con

8、secutive fiscal year in their 2010 earning reports due to the burden of disposing of bad loans and slumping stock markets. 三、根據詞的搭配和上下文來確定詞義 以一個常見的詞為例：吞吐量既可指“實際已經完成的貨物數量”，也可指“處理能力，通過能力或者物料通過量”，表前義的英文有“turnover，operation，volume，traffic”，表后意的英文有“capacity，designed，normal capacity, handling capacity, th

9、roughput等有時還可以用“handle，process”等動詞進行翻譯。1、2001年福州港的貨物吞吐量位列全國沿海港口第十一位，集裝箱吞吐量位列全國沿海港口第十位。 The turnover of Fuzhou port ranked 11th among Chinese coastal posts while its container operation was listed as 10th in the year 2001.2、港口吞吐量達到14.5億噸，其中對外貿易貨物吞吐量4.26億噸，近10年來中國的國際集裝箱吞吐量以每年30%左右的速度在增長。 The throughpu

10、t of pots has come to 1.45 billion tons including 426 million tons of foreign trade cargoes. In the past decade, China boasted an annual growth rate of 30% in its port throughput of international containers.3、目前港口的通過能力和貨物吞吐量均已超過億噸。2004年寧波港貨物吞吐量超過2.2億噸，同比增長22%。 The annual handling capacity and throug

11、hput of Ningbo Port have both exceeded 100 million tons. In 2004, the port saw a throughput of over 220 million tons, up 22% over the previous year. 再以一個常見的詞為例：設有分支機構該詞是商務語篇常見表達，翻譯是一定要考慮其所出現的語境。1、科電工程有限公司在上海、北京、廣州、成都、蘇州、大連、青島、西安等主要城市設有分支機構，現因業務發展，誠聘英才。 Electronic Scientific Engineering Ltd.,with off

12、ices in Shanghai Beijing, Guangzhou,Chengdu, Suzhou, Dalian and Xian, invites applications from qualified individuals for the following positions. 2、理事會的職權：決定設立辦事機構、分支機構、代表機構和實體機構. The council shall have the power to decide on the setting up of the working bodies, branch organizations, representativ

13、e organs and entity organs. 3、中國銀行、中國建設銀行、中國工商銀行國家外匯管理局、國際信托投資公司以及中國人民保險公司等均在寧波設有分支機構。 The following financial institutions and corporations maintain branches in Ningbo: Bank of China, Construction Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the State Administration of Exchange Control,

14、China International Trust and Investment Corporation and the Peoples Insurance Company of China.4、中國遠東國際招標公司系國務院國有資產監督管理委員會直管企業中國遠東貿易總公司的全資子公司，在全國各地設有35個分支機構。 China Far East International Tendering Company, affiliated to the China Far East International Trading Corporation which is directly under th

15、e State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council,has 35 branch offices around the country.再看一個常見的詞：科技含量 如果指某產品的科技含量高，其所指是技術性能好，可以譯為“ enjoy technical superiority”;如果指“產品的技術含量”，也可譯為“ technological element of a product”。 在特定語境還有其他翻譯方法，如例2和例3.1、此舉將進一步提高公司的科技含量，使公司獲得更廣闊

16、的市場空間。 This will further enhance the technical strength of the company and win a bigger market for it. 2、堅持開發和保護并重的原則，不斷提高工業的科技含量，降低資源消耗，減少環境污染。 We must adhere to the principle of giving equal importance to exploration and protection and gradually improve the scientific content of industries and at

17、the same time, reduce the consumption of resources and pollution of the environment. 3、推進節能與綠色建筑的發展是建設事業走科技含量高、經濟效益好、資源消耗低、環境污染少、人力資源優勢得到充分發揮的新型工業化道路的重要舉措。 Developing energy and green buildings is an important measure to promote “ new industrialization” featuring extensive use of state-of-the-art te

18、chnologies, a well-performing economy, low levels of resource consumption, less environmental pollution, and a dynamic and productive human resource.學生練習1、2004年，上海港登上世界第二大貨運港口的寶座，集裝箱吞吐量位居世界第三。上海港貨物、集裝箱吞吐量均列全國第一。2004年上海貨物吞吐量完成3.79億噸，首次超過鹿特丹港，成為世界第二大貨運港口。世界排名第一的新加坡港2004年貨物吞吐量為3.88億噸，上海港和它的差距僅為0.09億噸。

19、In 2004, Shanghai port became the 2nd largest cargo port and the 3rd largest container port in the world. Additionally, Shanghai Port ranked first nationwide in these two fields. Shanghai Port first surpassed Rotterdam by processing 379 million tons of cargo in 2004 and became the 2nd largest cargo

20、port of the world. Singapore Port,which ranked first worldwide with 388 million tons of cargo, processed 9 million tons of cargo more than Shanghai Port.2、在過去的一個財政年度，我們面對艱巨的挑戰，但我們仍勇敢的面對這些挑戰，以一系列行動為中國航空集團公司及其附屬公司的未來成長而努力。 We faced great challenges in the past financial year (fiscal year 美式英語）. Noneth

21、eless, we met these challenges head-on and took a number of actions significant to the future growth of China National Aviation Holding Company and its subsidiaries.3、進入外國市場前，公司對其場頻在品牌、商標和包裝上都重新打造，以適應本土化需要。 Local adaptions are made to the branding, labeling, and packaging of the companys products be

22、fore they enter foreign markets.漢英翻譯的中式英語漢英翻譯的中式英語（一）產生的原因及其表現方式（二）消除中式英語的途徑1）中文思維進行英文表達 你的身材很美/我工作很忙 Your figure is beautiful./ My work is busy.(錯誤的） You have a fair figure./ I am very busy. 2)搭配不當，導致中式英語學習知識學習知識To learn knowledgeTo acquire knowledge達到自給自足To achieve self-sufficiencyTo reach self-su

23、fficiency生活水平Standard of lifeQuality of life/living standard嚴密控制Close controlStrict/ rigid control好票Good ticketsGood seats強硬政策Strong policyTough policy取得成就Make achievementsAttain achievements掌握機器Master the machineOperate the machine請醫生Please/invite a doctorCall a doctor價錢太貴The price is too experienc

24、e.The price is too high恢復經濟Recovery the economyReconstruct the economy打掃房子Sweep the houseClean the house我們贏了你們隊We have won your team.We have beaten your team.3)漢語中的重復不按照英語的方式行文1、我們應該為所有這些地區擬定正確的發展建設規劃。 We should draw up correct development and construction plans for all of these zones.(錯誤的） We shoul

25、d draw up correct development plans for all of these zones. 2、為了開好本次大會，亞信會議（Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building in Asia)中國組委會（The Chinese Organizing Committee)全力以赴做了大量的準備工作。中國政府和上海市政府均對本次大會的籌備給予了大力支持。很多國家政府也為中國籌備本次大會提供了有益的幫助。再次，我謹向所有支持本次大會籌備工作的國家、部門和朋友們表示最衷心的感謝！ The Chinese Organizing

26、Committee of Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building in Asia has gone all out to make preparations in order to make the Conference a success. The Central Government and the Shanghai Municipal Government of China have given unfailing support to the preparatory work of the Conference. The go

27、vernment of many countries have provided kind assistant to Chinas preparatory work for the Conference. Here Id like to express my most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that have given us support to the preparatory work for the Conference.（錯誤的） The COC has gone all out and

28、 done a lot of preparatory work for the 4th CICA Summit to make it a success. Both the Central Government and the Shanghai Municipal Government of China have given unfailing support to its preparations. The governments of many countries have provided China with kind help in this work . Here I wish t

29、o express most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that given us support in this regard.4)漢語修飾語直譯成英文 1、我們要繼續堅定不移的堅持以經濟建設為中心，繼續堅定不移的推進改革開放，繼續堅定不移的保持社會穩定，繼續堅定不移的貫徹執行獨立自主的和平外交政策。 We will continue to unswervingiy focus on economic development. We will continue to unswervingly pr

30、ess ahead with reform and opening-up. We will continue to unswervingly maintain social stability. We will continue to unswervingly carry out an independent foreign policy of peace.(錯誤的） We will steadfastly focus on economic development, press ahead with reform and opening-up, maintain social stabili

31、ty and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.5）將漢語這種意合語言的行文方式直接移入英文中： 漢語史意合的語言，表現在句子結構之間不需要使用關系非常明確地詞語，但其意義仍然清晰可辨，而英語是形合語言，大量使用結構性詞語，以體現句子各成分之間的邏輯關系。直接移入，會導致意義不清，邏輯紊亂！ 1、外語節目應當在音像制品及封面包裝上標明中外文名稱。 Foreign language programs should be indicated by name in both Chinese and foreign languages on

32、audio and video products and their cover packing.（錯誤的） With respect to a program in a foreign language the name in Chinese and in the foreign language should be indicated on the audio and video products and their cover packaging. 2、中國社會主義建設的航船將乘風破浪駛向現代化的光輝彼岸。 The ship of Chinas socialist constructio

33、n will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.（錯誤的） China will stride forward in building socialism like a ship braving wind and waves ,towards the glorious destination of modernization. 3、20世紀90年代，中國進出口貿易空前活躍。 In 1990s, Chinas imports and exports of goods was

34、 most active.（錯誤的） The 1990s found China most active in the imports and exports of goods.6）對漢語原文的此類不善于變通 1、至于包裝方法，買方通常不做選擇，單包裝必須牢固，經受得起海運過程中的各種危險。 As for the packing method, normally the buyer does not make the choice, but the packing shall be strong enough to withstand the hazards of ocean transpor

35、tation.（錯誤的） The packing method is normally chosen by the seller, but the packing shall be strong enough to withstand the hazards of ocean transportation. 2、中國的富強和發展不會對任何國家構成威脅。 The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any country. (錯誤的） A strong, prosperous and devel

36、oped China will pose no threat to any other countries.（二）消除中式英語的途徑 1）吃透漢語原文的精神實質，從英語讀者的角度出發，按照英語的表達習慣對句子進行重組，清晰表達意思 維護世界和平是大有希望的。 To maintain world peace is very hopeful. There are great hopes for the maintenance of world peace. The prospect for world peace is very bright. The prospects for world pe

37、ace are very encouraging indeed.2）有意識地記錄漢語中某些表達的英文對應表達的譯例 新世紀即將到來之際. As the new century approaches,. On the verge of the new century,. At the dawn of the new century,. At the threshold of the new century,. As the new century is just round the corner,.學生練習 1、由于失業率高，美元幣值下降，股票市場處于困境之中，經濟問題將是總統所面臨的最嚴峻的考

38、驗。 With the increase in unemployment, the devaluation of US dollors and the distress that the stock market encounters, the economy will constitute the most difficult problem for the President. 2、你目睹了中國和世界在本世紀走過的非凡歷程。 You have witnessed the sweep of a remarkable century, both in China and abroad. 3、美

39、籍華人獨特的文化和.勤奮觀念加強了我們社會的凝聚力。 Chinese Americans unique culture and values of. Hard work have strengthened the fabric of our society. 4、每個國家都得根據自己的傳統尋找發展方案。 Each country has to look for development approaches within its own traditions. 5、我方獲悉你方生產純羊毛衫供出口，由于本地對該類型的產品有穩定的需求，請即寄來價目單、產品目錄、以及一些樣品，我們收到后立即通知你方。

40、 We have learned that you are producing wool sweaters in pure materials for export. As there is a steady demand here for goods of this type, please send us your price list, catalog, and some samples. We will inform you immediately after we receive them. 6、有些經濟學家說，溫和的通貨膨脹對一個國家的經濟是好的，甚至是必需的；但也有一些經濟學家認

41、為，通貨膨脹的意義不能過分估計。 Some economists say that mild inflation is good, or even necessary, for a countrys economy; but some others think the significance of inflation should not be overestimated. 7、中基公司（CHINABASE）將在原有基礎上以國際市場為導向以發展對外貿易為龍頭，以提高經濟效益為中心，堅定不移地走國際化、實業化和集團化的道路。 Chinabase will firmly embark on th

42、e road to internationalization, industrialization and conglomeration on the basis of international orientation, putting foreign trade in the lead and improving its economic results. 8、鄉鎮企業要根據國家的宏觀需要和市場需要，在治理整頓期間適當降低發展速度。 During the period of improvement and correction,village and township enterprise

43、s should reduce their rate of expansion to comply with the general requirements of the state, as well as market demand.9、如果你方有可能在做緊三個月需要這些產品，建議你方現在下訂單，因為價格正在飛漲。 If you are likely to require any of these products during the next three months, we advise your placing the order now as prices are rapidly rising.10、該協定要求政務透明，要求國內外投資者享有同等待遇，并要求通過國際仲裁解決勞動、環境和其他爭端. The treaty requires government transparency, equal treatment for domestic and foreign investors, and international mediation of labor,env