1、不定式由“to+動詞原形”構成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構成。不定式第1頁/共55頁一.結構 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 時態(tài)與語態(tài)主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式一般式進行式進行式完成式完成式完成進行式完成進行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done to have been done to

2、 have been doing-第2頁/共55頁動詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語 賓語表語 定語 狀語 賓補第3頁/共55頁作主語To master

3、 a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當今掌握一門外語真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對的。第4頁/共55頁作賓語Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應不告述任何人這事。第5頁/共55頁作表語My job is to teach English.To see is

4、to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語。2. 眼見為實。第6頁/共55頁作定語Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要說的嗎?2. Betty是第一個知道這真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth第7頁/共55頁作狀語He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語.原因狀語.結果狀語第8頁/共55頁作賓

5、補She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。2.請允許我介紹Mr. White給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. White to you.第9頁/共55頁高考進行時-動詞不定式考點第10頁/共55頁I think the best thing you should do is _ another job. A. looking for B. looked for C. look for D. to look for一、 做表語第11頁/共55頁二、做定語1. Im going to the supermarket. H

6、ave you got anything _? A. bought B. to be bought C. to buy D. being bought 2. Why do you look sad?- There are so many problems _ .A.remaining to settle B. remained settling C.remaining to be settled D.remained to be settled不定式作定語通常只能放在被修飾的名詞之后第12頁/共55頁3. Every student in our class had an applicatio

7、n form in his/her hand, but no one knew which office _. A. to send it to B. sent C. sending to D. sent to which和不定式連用相當于一個縮短了的定語從句，例如：She must have time in which to grow calm.She has some money in the bank, with which to help her mother.He only had long nights in which to study.第13頁/共55頁三、做狀語1.Austr

8、alians have to prevent dingoes _ their sheep and cattle. A. from protecting B. to protect C. protecting D. to protecting 2. Which do you enjoy _ your holiday, going abroad or staying at home? A. spending B. to spend C. being spent D. spend 不定式結構可以作狀語，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等，表示等。第14頁/共55頁3. Lilys mobile phone w

9、as left in a taxi accidentally, never _ again. A. to find B. to be found C. finding D. being found4. What happened to you on your way back to the hotel last night? -I lost my way in complete darkness and, _ things worse, it began to pour. A. making B. to make C. having made D. make 第15頁/共55頁四、做賓補The

10、 students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, _ after eleven p.m. A. to stay out B. from staying out C. staying out D. not to stay out第16頁/共55頁五、做賓語Tom pretended _ it, but in fact, he knew it very well. A. not listen to B. not to hear about C. not to have heard about D. not to listen第17頁

11、/共55頁六、 構成復合謂語1. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. being robbed B. having been robbed C. to have been robbed D. robbed2. He is known to be honest.3. She was told to stay at home. 4.He was known to have taken money from Germans.第18頁/共55頁5.He is said to have

12、 declared that Voltaire was his God. 6.He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 7.Miss White is supposed to be going with me. 第19頁/共55頁1.They are said to be building another bridge across the river.2.They seem to be getting along quite well.3.I happened to be going that way too.4.We didnt expect you

13、 to be waiting for us here.5.He pretended to be listening attentively.6.I am glad to be working with you. (狀語)7.Its nice of you to be thinking of us. (主語) 第20頁/共55頁1.He is said to have written a new book about workers.(It is said that he has written a new book about workers.)2. The enemy was reporte

14、d to have surrendered.(It was reported that the enemy had surrendered.)3. She seemed to have heard about it already.(It seemed that she had already heard about it.)第21頁/共55頁4.You are lucky to have got tickets to the concert. (=You are lucky that you have got tickets to the concert.)5.Im sorry to hav

15、e given you so much trouble. (=Im sorry I have given you so much trouble.)6.She was very glad to have done something for the people.7.He pretended not to have seen me.第22頁/共55頁1. It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2. She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang. 3. He wanted the letter to

16、be typed at once. 4.She didnt like herself to be praised like that. 5.The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 6.Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office? 7.She was too young to be assigned such work.第23頁/共55頁Lets translate第24頁/共55頁1愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great ha

17、ppiness.2中國人民決不會征服。The Chinese people refuse _3據說他已經完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根據報道他們已安全到達。They are reported _To love and to be lovedto give in/ be conqueredto have finished/completed his workto have arrived safely第25頁/共55頁5 我想叫人立刻修理這輛自行車。I want this bike _.6 瑪利仿佛已經告訴這件事了。Mary seemed _.7眾所周知，奧運會上他被授予了一枚

18、金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympic.to be repaired at once/ immediatelyto have been told about itto have been given第26頁/共55頁Lets write第27頁/共55頁 我長大后想當一位護士。/醫(yī)生/老師我的工作就是照顧好病人。/ 但怎么能做一位出色的護士呢？我需要努力學習。Topic 1 My dreamI want to be a nurse when I grow up.My job is to look after the patientsBut ho

19、w to be an excerllent nurse?I have to /need to study hard.第28頁/共55頁保護環(huán)境人人有責。我們要告訴人們不要再砍伐樹木了。我們要分發(fā)廣告叫人們不要再把污水倒進河里了我們要叫人們循環(huán)再用紙。Topic 2 how to protect the environment To protect the environment is everyones duty.= It is everyones duty to protect the environmentWe should tell people not to cut down the

20、trees any more.We should hand out advertisements to tell people not to pour waste water into the river any more.We should ask people to recycle paper.第29頁/共55頁直擊高考作文第30頁/共55頁 Last Thursday, we had a class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing. We came up with several choices such as g

21、oing boating, climbing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. Finally, w e d e c i d e d t o g o m o u n t a i n c l i m b i n g . The next day, we set off early in the morning. While climbing the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. However, when reached the top, we wer

22、e shocked to see litter here and there, such as bottles and banana peels. Then we started to pick up the litter. Afterwards, we put the rubbish into the nearby recycling bin and non-recycling bin respectively.We were tired but happy.第31頁/共55頁第32頁/共55頁一、考查動詞不定式的基本構成試題精選1. My mother often asks me_ _ea

23、rly. (2003年北京)A. get up B. got up C. getting up D. to get up2. The teacher told her students _in public. (2003年黑龍江)A. not to shout B. didnt shout C. not shout D. to not shoutDA第33頁/共55頁考點分析動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式,不受人稱和數的變化限制,它由“不定式符號(to)+動詞原形”構成。其否定式常在to前加not或never構成,句型ask/tell sb. （not） to do sth.是命題的熱點。第

24、34頁/共55頁二、考查動詞不定式作主語 試題精選1._is difficult to work on the Great Wall. (2002年甘肅省)A. this B. It C. That D. Its2. Its nice_you_me with my maths. (2002年深圳市)A. for; to help B. for; helpingC. of; to help D. of; helping BC第35頁/共55頁考點分析動詞不定式作主語時,常用it作為形式主語,而將不定式后置。如要說明動詞不定式的動作的執(zhí)行者,可在不定式前加一個介詞for引導的短語;但如果表語是ki

25、nd, nice, clever等描述動作執(zhí)行者的性格。品質的形容詞時,則應在不定式前加一個of引導的短語,而不可用for引導的短語。 Its +adj+for sb to do sth . Its nice (kind ,clever )of sb to do sth第36頁/共55頁三、考查動詞不定式作賓語試題精選1. They decided _at the end of this month. (2002年濟南市)A. to leave B. going C. travel D. not start out2. All of us found _difficult to work ou

26、t the maths problem.A. what B. that C. which D. it 3. Please stop _a rest if you feel tired. (2002年南寧市)A. to have B. having C. have D. hasADA第37頁/共55頁考點分析一些動詞,如decide, hope, ask等,常接動詞不定式作賓語。當動詞不定式作賓語時,如果后接賓語補足語,常用it作形式賓語,而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語之后,其句型結構為:主語+謂語+it+賓語補足語+動詞不定式(短語)?特別是,有些動詞(短語)后面可接動詞不定式作賓語,又可接動名

27、詞作賓語,但所表達的意義不同,對此,應該弄清楚它們的區(qū)別。常見的這類動詞(短語)有:remember/forget to do sth.記住/忘記要做某事;remember/forget doing sth.記得/忘記曾做過某事?stop to do sth.停下來(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stop doing sth.停止正在做的事。go on to do sth.做完一件事后,繼續(xù)做另一件事;go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事。第38頁/共55頁四、考查動詞不定式作定語試題精選1. Theres enough bird food _for a month. (2001年山西省)A

28、. to last B. lastC. lasts D. lasted2. She has no paper_. (2001年重慶市)A. to write B. to write with C. write on D. to write on AD第39頁/共55頁考點分析動詞不定式作后置定語時,與被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系。若動詞不定式是不及物動詞時,則要帶上與之搭配的介詞,構成及物動詞短語。動詞不定式作后置定語,常用于have+某事+to do或enough+名詞+to do結構中。第40頁/共55頁五、考查動詞不定式作賓語補足語1. Mother asked me _some fr

29、uit after supper. A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to buy2. Let him _a rest. I think he must be tired after the long walk. (2003年濟南市) A. have B. gets C. to take D. has3. It was raining heavily outside. The father made the children _in the room. (2003年桂林市) A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed4.-I saw

30、 Betty go to Grandpa Zhangs home just now. -Yes, she is often seen _the old man with his housework. (2003年呼和浩特市) A. help B. to help C. helps D. helpedDABB第41頁/共55頁考點分析有些動詞,如teach, want, tell等可接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,即構成teach/want/tell sb. to do sth.結構。但是,動詞不定式作使役動詞及感官動詞的賓語補足語時應省去to。這些動詞可歸納為一感(feel),二聽(list

31、en to, hear),三讓(let, have和make),四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。;在動詞help后面作賓語補足語時,to可有可無。注意:以上省略to的動詞不定式,在被動語態(tài)中都必須加上to,但let不能用于被動語態(tài)。第42頁/共55頁特殊情況：1. had better (not) do sth.2.help sb. (to )do sth.3.make let sb. do sth.4.see hear watch sb. do sth.*see hearwatch sb. doing sth. 第43頁/共55頁例句：1、你最好不要吸煙。 Y

32、ou had better not smoke.2、我們經常幫她提水。 We often help her (to) carry water.3、他老是使我發(fā)笑。 He always makes me laugh.4、我經常聽見他唱歌。 I often hear him sing.第44頁/共55頁六、考查動詞不定式作狀語1. Yesterday morning I got up early_be late for the exam. (2002年上海市)A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to2. Lets _

33、so as not _late for the meeting.A. to hurry, to B. to hurry, to be C. hurry, to be D. hurry, beCC第45頁/共55頁考點分析 動詞不定式作狀語主要用來修飾動詞,表示目的,也可以表示結果或原因。為了強調目的,有時可以把動詞不定式放在句首,或在不定式前面加in order或so as。如果不定式為否定形式,要用in order not to.或so as not to.。第46頁/共55頁七、考查連接代(副)詞+動詞不定式結構的用法1. Theres no difference between the

34、two words. I really dont know_. (2003年河南)A. what to choose B. which to chooseC. to choose which D. to choose what2. The students of Class One will spend their winter holiday in Shenzhen, but the students of Class Two havent decided_. (2003年廣東省)A. what to buy B. how to goC. where to go D. which to ch

35、oose3._the computer is a problem.A. How to use B. What to useC. Which to use D. Where to useBCA第47頁/共55頁考點分析 在英語中有些動詞,如ask, decide, tell, know等后可接疑問代(副)詞+動詞不定式作賓語,以此對賓語從句進行簡化。注意:進行簡化的條件是主句中的主語和從句的主語必須是同一人稱。此外,動詞不定式還可以和what, where, how, when, which等連接代詞(副詞)連用,在句中作主語。第48頁/共55頁八、考查固定句式中動詞不定式的用法試題精選1. -

36、You look rather tired ._stop to take a rest? -All right. But Ill have to work for a few more minutes. (2002年呼和浩特市)A. Why not B. Do you C. What about D. How about2. The TV set is too loud. Will you please_? (2002年哈爾濱市)A. turn down it B. turn it downC. to turn it down D. to turn down itAB第49頁/共55頁 考點分析各地中考試題