1、Fruitful Questions Unit 2Unit 2 Fruitful QuestionsWarm-up Questions1Background Information2New words and Phrases3Text Analysis4Exercises 5 Warm-up Questions: Punny riddles1.Which month do soldiers hate? March (三月三月,行行軍軍) 2.What do you call a deer with no eyes? No idea (no-eye-deer). 3.Who is closer

2、to you, your mom or your dad? Mom. Because dad is farther.4.Which can move faster, heat of cold? Heat ,because you can catch cold Which one does not belong to the same group as the other two? Why? What were the answers the What were the answers the children supplied?children supplied? According to t

3、he author, is According to the author, is tomato a fruit or tomato a fruit or vegetable?vegetable?Tomato! Because the other two are fruits!Strawberry!Because the other two are round!Orange!Because the other two are red! Orange! Because the other two grow on vines. Strawberry!Because its the only one

4、 you put on ice-cream. They are all right!From the three children, I learn about the importance of creativity!I will give you some examples!With the creative thinking, he became a famous scientist.Copernicus Copernicus ，1473-15431473-1543，Polish Polish Founder of modern astronomy. Founder of modern

5、astronomy. Heliocentric Theory日心說 He brought up the theory the sun, and not the earth, is the center of the solar system, and the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, which completely changed the way universe was viewed. “Love me and asked me to eat Haagen-Dazs!”He renamed his Bronx ice-c

6、ream Haagen-Dazs and raised the price without changing the product.Hagen-Dazs and Reuben MattusEdward Jenner（1749-18231749-1823， British British physicianphysician） His invention of His invention of vaccination againstvaccination against smallpox was an smallpox was an immense immense medical medica

7、l breakthroughbreakthrough and has and has saved countless lives. saved countless lives. Discovered the Discovered the vaccination by vaccination by abandoning his abandoning his quest for a cure.quest for a cure. Thomas Kuhn(1922-1996)托馬斯庫恩托馬斯庫恩: influential American philosopher of science. His The

8、 Structure of Scientific Revolution is one of the most cited academic books of all time. the information highway: the world wide computer network that includes the Internet. It permits the rapid sending of many different forms of data, including voice, video and text. 信息高速公路：信息高速公路：The children are

9、doing what every scientist whos ever made an important discovery!Record bad student does not necessarily isnt a good student！A failure at school,a brilliant scientist,Theory of relativityThe most potent paradigm-shifter有影響力的有影響力的We need to discover， as the kids did，that there is more than one right

10、answer!Sesame Street Sesame Street An American long running childrens television show that combines education with entertainment. One of the games played on the show is the “What Doesnt Belong” game. It is produced in the United States by Sesame Workshop, and broadcasted on November 10, 1969 on the

11、National Educational Television network. I. New Words：A) word building1. n. ment , -sion ,-ation ,-tion ,- ence ,-ance / -er , or, -arExcitement, verson , vaccination ,evolution ,difference, importance ,Parameter, clamor, beggar2.Compound word Strawberry, workbook, ever-growing, downshift3.adj. ful

12、,- tive , -able, -ible ,-al,Fruitful , preventive, notable, impossible, nationalB) usage1. fruitful: producing good results; successful-It was a fruitful meeting; we made a lot of important decisions.2. despite: in spite of-Despite the heat, he wore a black leather jacket.3. definitely: certainlyI c

13、ant tell you definitely when I will come.4contract: v.1) become smaller or narrowerMetals contract as they get cooler2) sign a contract We have contracted with a firm for the supply of fuel. 3) get or develop (an illness My son has contracted malaria 5. notable: important and deserving attention -Mo

14、st birds sing only in daylight, one notable exception being the nightingale. 6access: n. the right to enter a place ,use sth. ,see sb. Etc. Access to secret files is restricted to senor management only. Gain/get access ( to sth.) The police managed to gain access through an upstairs window. Key Word

15、s & Expressions 1.fruitful: adj. producing good results 多產的，富有成多產的，富有成效的，效的， E.g今天的會議比上周的會議更有成效。今天的會議比上周的會議更有成效。 Todays meeting was more fruitful than last weeks. 擴展：擴展： fruitless: adj. 不結果實的，不結果實的， fruitfully: adv. 產量多地，產量多地， fruitfulness: n. 果實累累果實累累 2. limitation: n. being limited 限制，局限性，缺陷，不

16、限制，局限性，缺陷，不足足 E.g.盡管這個調查有局限性盡管這個調查有局限性,它確實表明一些總體趨勢。它確實表明一些總體趨勢。 Despite the limitations of the survey, it did suggest some general trends. 這是一部好車，但是它有其自身的不足。這是一部好車，但是它有其自身的不足。 Its a nice car, but it has its limitations. 擴展：擴展： limit: v. 限定，限制限定，限制 limited: adj. 有限的有限的 limitless: adj. 無限的，無限的， 3. ver

17、sion: n. A.型式；型式； 改編形式；改編形式； 大眾最新車型大眾最新車型 the latest version of the Volkswagen Golf B.(個人的個人的)說法，描述說法，描述; 她向我們描述了她所認為的那天發生的事情。她向我們描述了她所認為的那天發生的事情。 She gave us her version of what had happened that day. C.(電影，劇本，音樂等電影，劇本，音樂等)版本，版本， 根據根據戰爭與和平戰爭與和平改編的電影改編的電影 the film version of War and Peace D.譯本譯本這部小說

18、的英文譯本預定明年出版發行。這部小說的英文譯本預定明年出版發行。 The English version of the novel is due for publication next year. 4.despite: prep. in spite of 盡管，不管盡管，不管 例句：例句：盡管他申請了數百個工作，但仍然在失業中。盡管他申請了數百個工作，但仍然在失業中。 Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work. 盡管他認為物理枯燥無味，他卻學得很好。盡管他認為物理枯燥無味，他卻學得很好。 He was goo

19、d at physics despite the fact that he found it boring. 5.definitely: adv. undoubtedly，certainly清楚地，明確清楚地，明確地；地； 肯定，當然肯定，當然 例句：例句：我記得這封信肯定發出去了。我記得這封信肯定發出去了。 I definitely remember sending the letter. “那是你所期待的嗎？那是你所期待的嗎？” “當然是。當然是。” Was it what you expected? Yes, definitely. 擴展：擴展： definite: adj. 確定的，肯

20、定的確定的，肯定的 6.messy: adj. dirty, untidy or lacking order 凌亂的，臟凌亂的，臟的的 例句：例句：對不起，這個地方很亂，我一直沒時間清掃。對不起，這個地方很亂，我一直沒時間清掃。 Sorry. The place is quite messy. I havent had time to clean up. 擴展：擴展： mess : n. 混亂混亂 messily: adv. 亂糟糟地亂糟糟地 7.quest: n. a long search for sth. that is difficult to find追求，尋求追求，尋求 搭配：搭配

21、： quest for 尋求，追求尋求，追求 例句：例句：對幸福對幸福/知識知識/真理的真理的 追求追求 the quest for happiness/ knowledge/ truth 8.contract: v. get an illness 感染感染 例句例句:那個地方有三分之二那個地方有三分之二 的人感染了艾滋病。的人感染了艾滋病。 Two-thirds of the population there has contracted AIDS. n. 合同合同 9.notable: adj. deserving to be noticed, remarkable 顯著顯著的，著名的，值

22、得注意的的，著名的，值得注意的這個教堂一個顯著的特征就是它與眾不同的鐘塔。這個教堂一個顯著的特征就是它與眾不同的鐘塔。 A notable feature of the church is its unusual clock tower. 10. evolution: A. 進化（生）；進化（生）； 例句：例句： 達爾文的進化論達爾文的進化論 Darwins theory of evolution B. the gradual development of sth演變，發展，漸進演變，發展，漸進 你知道從種子發展成為植物的過程嗎你知道從種子發展成為植物的過程嗎? Do you know abo

23、ut the evolution of a seed into a plant? 11.access: n. 1. a way of entering or reaching a place通道；通路；通道；通路； ( to sth) 去那農舍的惟一通路是穿過田野。去那農舍的惟一通路是穿過田野。 The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. 2. the opportunity or right to use sth 機會，權利機會，權利 市民可以免費使用這個圖書館。市民可以免費使用這個圖書館。 Citizens may have

24、 free access to the library. 12. nowhere: adv. not anywhere 無處，哪里都不無處，哪里都不 “這個周末你打算去哪里？這個周末你打算去哪里？” “沒什么地方可去。沒什么地方可去。” Where are you going this weekend? Nowhere special. 擴展：擴展： get nowhere / get sb nowhere： (讓某人讓某人) 毫無進展毫無進展 我們就此事討論了一個上午，可是毫無進展。我們就此事討論了一個上午，可是毫無進展。 We discussed it all morning but go

25、t nowhere. 和他談話你會一無所獲。和他談話你會一無所獲。 Talking to him will get you nowhere. 14. uncover: vt. to find out about sth that has been kept secret 揭開，揭露，揭開，揭露， 例句：例句： 揭露一起陰謀。揭露一起陰謀。 uncover a plot Expressions: 1. take out: remove 去掉，拿出，抽出去掉，拿出，抽出 你褲子上的這些墨跡不容易洗掉。你褲子上的這些墨跡不容易洗掉。 It isnt easy to take out these st

26、ains from your trousers. 2. think up: produce (a new idea, etc.) by thinking hard 想出來；想出來； 發明發明 她想出了一個有趣的游戲，讓孩子們玩。她想出了一個有趣的游戲，讓孩子們玩。 She thought up a funny game for the children to play. 3. in short: briefly, in a few words總之，簡言之總之，簡言之 總之，如果我們想過四級，就要好好準備。總之，如果我們想過四級，就要好好準備。 In short, if we want to p

27、ass CET-4, we must prepare carefully. 4. bring up: raise 提出提出(供討論或促使注意供討論或促使注意) 昨天的會議又提出了那個問題。昨天的會議又提出了那個問題。 The question was brought up again at yesterdays meeting. Homework: Preview text, Review words and expressions P33, 1, 2,II. Text1.Warm-up Questions2.Background information3.Global analysis4.L

28、anguage Points: What type is the text? A narration B description C exposition D argumentation 2. Global analysis What pattern is the text organized in? A problem-solution B cause-effect C general-specific D time / sequence記敘文 a movie描述文 a picture說明文 a lecture議論文 a debate問題-解決因果總-分時間 / 順序 Main ideas

29、of paragraphs Paras1-5 The authors children teach him about paradigm shifts. paras68 Three examples of shifting old paradigms in history. paras9 12 The importance of shifting old paradigms. Para. 13 The author encourages people to look at information in a new way. 4)Language Points: Para.1(lines 1-3

30、) 1.took time out from their food fight to teach me about paradigm shifts, and limitations of linear thinking and how to refocus parameters. take out: remove it isnt easy to take out these stains from your trousers. Translate the sentence into Chinese. （我的三個孩子）停止了以食物相互打架，教我有關范（我的三個孩子）停止了以食物相互打架，教我有關

31、范式變化、線性思維的局限以及如何重新瞄準限定性的因式變化、線性思維的局限以及如何重新瞄準限定性的因素。素。 paradigm shifts limitation of linear thinking refocus parameters paradigm(范式范式)： the usual way of thinking about something paradigm shifts: (范式轉移范式轉移/ 范式變化范式變化) a major change in the usual way of thinking about something 范式的概念和理論是美國著名科學哲學家托馬斯范式的概

32、念和理論是美國著名科學哲學家托馬斯庫恩提出并在庫恩提出并在科學革命的結構科學革命的結構（1962）中系統闡述的。）中系統闡述的。 指常規科學所賴以運作的理論基礎和實踐規范，是從事某一科學指常規科學所賴以運作的理論基礎和實踐規范，是從事某一科學的研究者群體所共同遵從的世界觀和行為方式的研究者群體所共同遵從的世界觀和行為方式 一個穩定的范式如果不能提供解決問題的適當方式，它就會變弱一個穩定的范式如果不能提供解決問題的適當方式，它就會變弱，從而出現范式轉移，從而出現范式轉移(Paradigm Shift)。按照庫恩的定義，范式轉。按照庫恩的定義，范式轉移就是新的概念傳統，是對某一知識和活動領域采取全

33、新的和變移就是新的概念傳統，是對某一知識和活動領域采取全新的和變化了的視角，是對長期形成的思維習慣、價值觀的改變和轉移化了的視角，是對長期形成的思維習慣、價值觀的改變和轉移 limitation of linear thinking直線思維的局限直線思維的局限 linear thinking:the traditional logical approach to problem solving. 直線思維：直線思維：指傳統的解決問題的邏輯方法。指傳統的解決問題的邏輯方法。 線性思維通常和水平思維相對。有的人，認為這種方法線性思維通常和水平思維相對。有的人，認為這種方法有局限性，需要水平思維加以

34、補充。水平思維即利用更有局限性，需要水平思維加以補充。水平思維即利用更多的非傳統和創新的手段解決問題。多的非傳統和創新的手段解決問題。 refocus parameters: 重新瞄準各種限定性因素重新瞄準各種限定性因素 looking at things that were previously ignored 審視以前被忽略的因素審視以前被忽略的因素 Paras.2-5(lines4-19) 1.The oldest didnt take more than a second to deliver his smug answer: “Tomato because the other two

35、 are fruits.” 1)本句是本句是”it takes sb. some time to do sth.”的句式的句式 （It took them less than half an hour to finish the examination paper.） 2.I agreed that this was the right answer despite the fact that some purists insist a tomato is a fruit. Insist 在本句的意思在本句的意思“堅持說堅持說” ，所以后面接的賓語從，所以后面接的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞

36、的形式是一般現在時，強調句不用虛擬語氣，謂語動詞的形式是一般現在時，強調在在purists眼中眼中“a tomato is a fruit. ”相當于真理。而當相當于真理。而當insist表示表示“堅決要求堅決要求”時，后面接賓語從句則要求用時，后面接賓語從句則要求用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣。 He insisted that we (should ) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 3.To those of us forced as kids to eat them in salads, tomatoes will always be vegeta

37、bles 1).It is a past participle modifying “those of us”. To those of us who were forced to eat tomatoes in salads during childhood, they surely belong to vegetables. 2). Translate the sentence into Chinese. 對我們這些從小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西紅柿的人來說對我們這些從小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西紅柿的人來說，西紅柿永遠是蔬菜。，西紅柿永遠是蔬菜。 Paras.6-8(lines20-41) 1.

38、 It was messier than a food fight and much more important than whether a tomato is a fruit or vegetable. 1)We can infer from the sentence that the game is not as simple as it appears. It inspires us to think more behind the game itself. 2). Translate the sentence into Chinese. 這事兒比爭搶食物還亂，比西紅柿是水果還是蔬菜

39、重要這事兒比爭搶食物還亂，比西紅柿是水果還是蔬菜重要得多。得多。 2.My kids were doing what Copernicus did when he placed the sun at the center of the universe, readjusting the centuries-old paradigm of an Earth-centered system. 1)Copernicus thought that the sun is the center of the universe and what he did changed the Earth center

40、ed theory which had dominated human brain for centuries .What my children were doing just now is almost he same as what Copernicus did centuries ago. 2)這里出現結構相同，內容和意思相近的三個句子，夠這里出現結構相同，內容和意思相近的三個句子，夠成排比（成排比（parallelism）句式。顯得非常有氣勢。）句式。顯得非常有氣勢。 -Some people think that the weather is unpleasant, the cit

41、y ugly and dirty, the competition fierce and the streets unsafe. Paras9-12(lines42-65)1.Maybe that explains why so many of the worlds most brilliant scientists and inventors were failures in school, the most notable being Albert Einstein, who was perhaps this centurys most potent paradigm-shifter. 1

42、) What is the implied meaning of the sentence? So far, the education system has not been very successful. 2)獨立結構獨立結構 在分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般與句子一致。分詞獨在分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般與句子一致。分詞獨立結構表示伴隨情況、時間、原因等。立結構表示伴隨情況、時間、原因等。 Birds also can sleep with both hemispheres resting at once. 2.I bring this up because we seem to be

43、at a point in the evolution of our society where everyone is clamoring for more technology, for instant access to ever-growing bodies of information. 1)It is an attributive clause used to modify the word “point”. 2). bring up: mention or start to talk about -There are several points Id like to bring

44、 up at the meeting tomorrow. 3)Translate the sentence into Chinese. 我提出這一點，是因為我們的社會似乎發展到了這樣一我提出這一點，是因為我們的社會似乎發展到了這樣一個階段，人人都大聲要求得到更多的技術，大聲要求即個階段，人人都大聲要求得到更多的技術，大聲要求即刻享用不斷增多的信息。刻享用不斷增多的信息。 3. nowhere: not anywhere -Nowhere could I find the book I needed. 4.But unless we shift our paradigms and refocus

45、 our parameters, the super information highway will lead us nowhere. 1). Paraphrase the sentence. Only if we shift our paradigms and refocus our parameters can we take the great advantage of the super information highway. 2). Translate the sentence into Chinese 但是，除非我們改變范式、重新看待相關的各種因素，但是，除非我們改變范式、重新

46、看待相關的各種因素，否則，信息高速公路就不會給我們帶來什么結果。否則，信息高速公路就不會給我們帶來什么結果。 5. We are not now, nor have we recently been suffering from a lack of information. What can we infer from the sentence? The key point is not the lack of information. What we need is not more information but new ways of looking at it. 6. And he d

47、idnt do anything less Earth-shattering (pun intended) than completely change the way the universe was viewed. 1)The author intends the word “Earth-shattering” to be a pun a clever and amusing use of a word with more than one meaning. It can be interpreted as meaning either “Earth-shaking”(profound i

48、n significance) or “exploding the Earth-centered theory.” 2). Translate the sentence into Chinese 但他作出了足以震撼地球的（權作雙關語）驚人但他作出了足以震撼地球的（權作雙關語）驚人之舉，完全改變了人們對宇宙的看之舉，完全改變了人們對宇宙的看 法。法。 7. uncover: make known or disclose; discover -Its the polices responsibility to uncover the truth. Para.13(lines66-71) We ne

49、ed to discover, as my kids did, that there is more than one right answer, there is more than one right question and there is more than one way to look at a body of information. We need to remember that when you have only a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail. 1). Analyze the sentence. Th

50、is is a typical parallel structure used as an emphasis. 2). Can you find more examples of the parallel structure in the text? They were refocusing the parameters. They were redefining the problems. They were reframing the questions. In short, they were doing what every scientist whos ever made an im

51、portant discovery throughout history has done, according to Thomas Kuhn, in his book, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: They were shifting old paradigms. Summary of the text When we are asked to answer a question, we usually believe there is only one right solution to that question and tend t

52、o look at it only in one way. Form the game “which doesnt belong ” played by the authors children, the author realizes that it is not unusual that in order to figure out the correct answer, we just stick to conventions and dare not to be creative and different. The author urges us to learn to redefi

53、ne and reframe questions when working on a problem. Its more important to cultivate creative thinking than to accumulate information if you cannot look at those information with fresh eyes. Homework: Memorize the passage on page 31, Doing exercises III Study & Practice:1.1)fruitful 2) evolution

54、3)limitations 4) versions 5)Despite 6) intends 7)in short 8) access 9)nowhere 10)super 11)messy 12)online 2.1) despite 2)contracting 3)data 4)intended 5)( his ) limitations 6)fruitful 7)uncovered 8)definitely 9) view 10) milder 11)notable 12) quest 3. 1) think up 想出，想出， 2) bring up 提出提出 3) took out

55、拿出，取出，去掉拿出，取出，去掉 4) setting back 阻礙，使受挫折，使退步阻礙，使受挫折，使退步 5)gives off 發出（氣，光等），發出（氣，光等）， 6) springing up 迅速地或突然地出現，發展，生長迅速地或突然地出現，發展，生長 7) came to 蘇醒，醒來蘇醒，醒來 8) lit up light up 點著，變亮，點燃，點著，變亮，點燃， 引申為使引申為使(人人的臉等的臉等)放光彩，容光煥發，放光彩，容光煥發， light up with sth 因因 而放光彩，容光煥發而放光彩，容光煥發 sail into 順利地或極有信心地沿某方向進行順利地或

56、極有信心地沿某方向進行。 當他的約會對象神態自若地走進房間的時當他的約會對象神態自若地走進房間的時候，他因喜悅而榮光煥發。候，他因喜悅而榮光煥發。 9) made for 走向，走去走向，走去 10) left behind 留下，遺留留下，遺留 IV. Enriching Your World Power 1.第一種復合形容詞的構成是名詞第一種復合形容詞的構成是名詞+動詞的過去分詞，它動詞的過去分詞，它可以修飾特定的名詞。如：可以修飾特定的名詞。如： an Earth centered system 地心說地心說 a heartbroken mother傷心欲絕的母親傷心欲絕的母親 hand

57、made furniture 手工制作的家具手工制作的家具 a snow- covered mountain雪山雪山 bloodshot eyes 充血的眼睛充血的眼睛 a state-run factory 國營工廠國營工廠 a weather-beaten face 飽經風霜的臉飽經風霜的臉 a wind-swept hillside 被風橫掃過的山坡被風橫掃過的山坡 heartfelt thanks 衷心的感謝衷心的感謝 enemy-occupied areas 敵占區敵占區 第二種復合形容詞的構成是名詞第二種復合形容詞的構成是名詞+動詞的現在分詞，它動詞的現在分詞，它可以修飾特定的名詞

58、。如：可以修飾特定的名詞。如： an Earth shattering event 影響深遠的事件影響深遠的事件 breathtaking beauty 驚人的美麗驚人的美麗 peace-loving people 愛好和平的人們愛好和平的人們 a man eating society 吃人的社會吃人的社會 laborsaving devices 省力裝置省力裝置 a record-breaking high jump 破紀錄的跳高破紀錄的跳高 a paper-cutting machine 切紙機切紙機 a fact-finding visit 尋求事實的考察尋求事實的考察 a fund-r

59、aising committee 募捐委員會募捐委員會 a tone setting speech 定調演講定調演講 V. Usage the + adjective 有些形容詞跟定冠詞連用表示某一類人或物。有些形容詞跟定冠詞連用表示某一類人或物。 Only the rich can afford his firms products. 只有富人才能買得起他公司的產品。只有富人才能買得起他公司的產品。 The noise of the children playing was enough to wake the dead. 孩子們玩耍的聲音足以把死人吵醒。孩子們玩耍的聲音足以把死人吵醒。 T

60、he beautiful can never die. 美是永恒的。美是永恒的。 最常見的是：最常見的是： the blind盲人盲人 the deaf聾子聾子 the dead死人死人(去世的人去世的人) the old老人老人 the poor 窮人窮人 the rich 富人富人 the sick 病人病人 the unemployed 失業者失業者 the wounded 傷員傷員 the young 青年人青年人 另外，形容詞的最高級也經常這樣使用另外，形容詞的最高級也經常這樣使用 The oldest didnt take more than a second to deliver his smu