1、高中英語狀語從句講解總匯一、原因從句和結果原因從句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各種類型外，這兩種從句均可由as或because來引導。但是用as引導原因從句較為穩妥（參見A）；用because引導結果原因從句較為穩妥（參見B）。A 原因從句1 由asbecausesince 引導的原因從句：We camped there asbecausesince it was too dark to go on 我們在那里露宿是因為天太黑，不能再繼續往前走了。AsBecauseSince it was too dark to go on，we camped there 因為天太黑不能再繼續往前走，我們就在那

2、兒露宿了。2. in view of the fact that可用assinceseeing that來表示，但不能用because： AsSinceSeeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand 既然你在這兒，你就幫我個忙吧。AsSinceSeeing that Tom knows French，hed better do the talking 既然湯姆懂法語，最好讓他來談。3 .在assinceseeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陳述時，可用if來代替：AsSinceSeeing thatIf you dont l

3、ike Bill，why did you invite him？ 既然如果你不喜歡比爾，你為什么邀請了他？注意：if so的用法：I hope Bill wont come If so（If you hope he wont come），why did you invite him？我希望比爾別來。如果這樣（=如果你希望他不來），你為什么邀請了他？關于ifsonot，so（not）可用來代替if后面的從句。如： Has the letter come？If so，read it，please來信了嗎？如果來了，請讀一讀。Has the letter come？If not，please tel

4、ephonefor news（If the letter hasnt come）來信了嗎？如果沒來，請打電話問問情況。英語陷阱：unless和if not能互換嗎I couldnt have got to Slough in time unless Id had a helicopter. 除非我有一架直升飛機, 否則我是不可能在那個時候趕到S地的. 一般的英語語法書和辭典都會談到, 連接詞unless的涵義和if.not相同,它們可以互換使用. 例如: I shant go unless he asks me. 等于I shant go if he does not ask me. (Eck

5、ersleys A comprehensive English Grammar); You will fail unless you work harder. 等于You will fail if you do not work harder. (A. S. Hornbys The Advanced Learners Dictionary of Current English). 其實, 這樣的提法是不夠全面的, 因為存在著這么一個問題: unless和 if.not是否在各種場合下都能互換使用呢? 現以上例-I couldnt have got to Slough in time unles

6、s Id had a helicopter. 為例來探討一下這個問題. 此句引自國外報刊. 說話人被控犯了謀殺罪, 在法庭他自辯說:發生此案時,我并不在S地, 而是在離S地幾十里外的另一個小鎮上, 關于這點我可以提供人證. 接著他說道:I couldnt have got to Slough in time unless Id had a helicopter. 如果遵照一般語法書所述的公式: unless=if.not, 將此句改作I couldnt have got to Slough in time if Id not had a helicopter, 那會產生怎樣的后果呢? 若改作i

7、f.not, 其涵義是: I did have a helicopter and I did get to Slough in time to commit the murder. 顯而易見, 這并不是他所想說的話. 國此, unless是在大多數場合下可與if.not互換使用, 但在某些場合里(例如在某些謂語動詞用虛擬語氣的句子里)卻不能相互置換,否則它們會產生截然相反的涵義. 值得注意的是, unless用在虛擬語氣句中時, 存在著兩種可能性. 在某些句子中, 它表示if.not的涵義, 可以和if.not互換使用. 例如: Unless you had lent me a hand, I

8、 should not have fulfilled my task. = If you had not lent me a hand, I should not have fulfilled my task. 要不是你們來幫忙, 我是不可能完成任務的. 然而, 在另一些場合里, unless并不是表示 if.not的涵義, 而是表示近似于but.if的涵義. 這時候, 可以改寫為but.if, 但決不能用if.not去替代. 例如, 他在法庭上所說的那一句, 可以改寫為: I could not have got to Slough, but I could have got to Slou

9、gh if I had had a helicopter. 還有一點應當注意的是, unless句型和if.not句型具有沒的倏色彩和表達風格, 前者是積極的說法, 態度明朗, 語氣有力; 后者是退一步的說法, 態度含糊, 語氣軟弱無力. 現在, 你能否說出下列兩個句子的不同涵義? I should not expect their help unless they were my friends. I Should not expect their help if they were not my friends. B 結果從句結果狀語從句 引導結果狀語從句的連詞有：so that, sot

10、hat, such that, suchthat, that等。 當從句前面有逗號時，so that中that可省略，如： It was dark, so (that) we could see nothing in front of us. “So + 形容詞 / 副詞 + that”是引導結果狀語從句的常用結構，如： He talked so loud that he annoyed the speaker. He was so brilliant that he made a lot of inventions. “such (a) + 形容詞 + 名詞 + that”與“sothat”

11、的意義相同，如： It was such a hot day that people could not go out. He painted such beautiful pictures that the visitors were lost in admiration. that可以單獨引導結果狀語從句，如： The question is of great importance that it cannot be neglected.由because或as引導：The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit 保險絲燒斷了，因為我們

12、使線路超載了。He was angry because we were late 他生氣是因為我們來晚了。As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day因為那天晚上冷得厲害，所以第二天到處都是冰。As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards 因為這湯很咸，后來我們渴得厲害。C 這種組合也可用so連接兩個主句的形式來表示：It was too dark to go on，so we camped there 天太黑了，不能繼續往前走了，所以我們就在那兒露宿了。

13、You are here，so you may as well give me a hand 你們既然在這兒，不如就幫我一下。It froze hard that night，so there was ice everywhere next day那天夜里冷得厲害，所以第二天到處都是冰。也可以使用therefore，但只限用于非常正式的句子中：The Finnish delegate has not yet arrivedWe are therefore postponing We have therefore decided to postponeTherefore we are postp

14、oning the meeting 芬蘭代表還沒有到達。我們因此要把會議推遲因此我們已決定把會議推遲因此我們要把會議推遲。（注意therefore可以放在幾個不同的位置。） suchsothat引導的結果從句A such是形容詞，用于形容詞+名詞結構之前：They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house 他們有一條如此兇猛的狗，以致沒人敢靠近他們家。He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep 他說了這么長時間，以致在座的人都犯困

15、了。B so是副詞，用于副詞和不帶名詞的形容詞之前：The snow fell so fast that our footsteps were soon covered up 雪下得這么快，以致我們的腳印很快就被雪蓋住了。His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep 他的講話這么長，以致在座的人都開始犯困了。Their dog was so fierce that no one dared come near it 他們的狗太兇猛了，所以沒人敢靠近它。但such不能用于much和many之前，所以so可用于后跟名

16、詞的much和many之前：There was so much dust that we couldnt see what was happening 灰塵太大了，使得我們看不清發生了什么事。So many people complained that they took the programme off 抱怨的人太多，所以他們取消了那個節目。C 注意：sucha形容詞名詞可由so形容詞a名詞來代替，所以such a good man可由so good a man來代替。這只能在名詞前面有aan的情況下使用。這種形式不常見，但有時出現在文學作品中。有時為了表示強調，so位于句首。這時后面跟動

17、詞的倒裝形式：soneithernor表示前面所說的情況也適合于后者，其倒裝結構為“soneither nor助動詞系動詞情態動詞主語”（so表示肯定意義，neithernor表示否定意義）。如： She has finished her homework，so has her brotherShe hasnt gone there， neithernor has he但如果so表示強調， 即強調前面所說的情況的真實性時， 其結構是“so主語助動詞系動詞情態動詞”，這里的主語同前一個句子的主語指的是同一人或物。如： She knows little English，so she does 她英

18、語懂得不多。她的確如此。So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off 暴風真可怕，把整個的屋頂全都刮飛了。倒裝六大命題熱點透析近年來試題對倒裝的考查一般結合其它語法現象和習慣句型進行。如虛擬語氣中條件從句的倒裝；no soonerthan，not until等引起的倒裝等。 熱點之一：含有否定意義的副詞放在句首引起的部分倒裝 此類副詞有：not，never，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等。例如： Not a single word did he say at the meeting（在會上，他什么

19、也沒說。） 【原題重現】1The old couple have been married for 40years and never once _ with each other（NMET 2003） Athey had quarreled Bthey have quarreled Chave they quarreled Dhad they quarreled（key：C） 【簡析】本題中關鍵詞是never這一副詞，與現在完成時態連用引起部分倒裝。 【原題重現】2Not a single song _ at yesterdays party（2001上海） Ashe sang Bsang

20、she Cdid she sing Dshe did sing （key：C） 【簡析】本題是否定副詞not與一般過去時態共同形成的部分倒裝。 熱點之二：含有否定意義的連接詞置于句首引起的部分倒裝 此類連接詞有：not onlybut also，neithernor，no soonerthan，scarcelywhen，hardlywhen等。請看例句： No sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang（她一出門電話就響了。） 【原題重現】3Not only _ interested in football but _ beginning t

21、o show an interest in it（2002上海春） Athe teacher himself is；all his students are Bthe teacher himself is ；are all his students Cis the teacher himself ；are all his students Dis the teacher himself ；all his students are（key：D） 【簡析】包含not onlybut（also）結構的句子，如果not only置于句首，not only所在句子要形成部分倒裝，but（also）后面的

22、句子不要倒裝。 熱點之三：搞清so（nor ，neither）助動詞主語與so（nor ，neither）主語助動詞之間的區別 前者表示重復前句部分的內容，譯為“也是如此”。而后者表示對前句內容的進一步肯定或證實，譯為“確實如此”。例如： Lily cant answer the questionNeither can I（莉莉不能回答這個問題。我也不能。） Tom was late for school yesterdaySo he was（湯姆昨天上學遲到了。他確實如此。） 【原題重現】4David has made great progress recently _，and _（1997

23、上海） ASo he has；so you have BSo he has；so have you CSo has he；so have you DSo has he；so you have（key：B） 【簡析】前半部分意為“他的確如此”，對以上事實進一步肯定；后半部分意為“你也是如此”，屬于部分倒裝。 熱點之四：省略if的虛擬條件句以had were should開頭引起的部分倒裝 這是虛擬語氣中比較特殊的一種，其實質就是省略if后引起的變化。如： Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams（要是他努力學習的話，他是會通

24、過考試的。） 【原題重現】5_ for the free tickets，I would not have gone to see the films so often（1995上海） AIf it is not BWere it not CHad it not been DIf they were not（key：C） 【簡析】在虛擬語氣中表達與過去事實相反的假設，主句用would have 過去分詞，從句用had 過去分詞，省略If后就將助動詞had提前引起部分倒裝。 熱點之五：not until置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒裝 not until意為“直到才”，位于句首時引起后面的主句倒裝

25、。如： Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework（直到老師來了他才完成作業。） 【原題重現】6Not until all the fish died in the river _ how serious the pollution was（NMET1995） Adid the villagers realize Bthe villagers realize Cthe villagers did realize Ddidnt the villagers realize（key：A） 【簡析】本題便是not until置于句首引起的

26、部分倒裝。 熱點之六：only短語置于句首引起的部分倒裝 only放在句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句，常引起后面句子部分倒裝。如： Only in this way can you learn English well（只有通過這種方式，你才能把英語學好。） 【原題重現】7_ can you expect to get a pay rise（2001春） AWith hard work BAlthough work hard COnly with hard work DNow that he works hard（key：C） 【簡析】only位于句首與介詞短語構成了部分倒裝，其他選項均不

27、能引起倒裝。 【原題重現】8Only in this way _ to make improvement in the operating system（2003上海春） Ayou can hope Byou did hope Ccan you hope Ddid you hope（key：C） 【簡析】本題中only置于句首修飾介詞短語，引起句子部分倒裝。因為句意表達的是一種條件，所以使用助動詞did不合題意。 鞏固練習：選擇正確答案 1Only in this way _ progress in your English Ayou make Bcan you make Cyou be ab

28、le to make Dwill able to make 2Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted Adidnt realize Bdid I realize CI didnt realize DI realize 3Not only _ to stay at home，but he was also forbidden to see his friends Ahe was forcing Bhe was forced Cwas he forcing Dwas he forced 4Never before _ seen

29、such a stupid man Aam I Bwas I Chave I Dshall I 5No sooner _ asleep than she heard a knock at the door Ashe had fallen Bhad she fallen Cshe had fall Dhad she fell 6She did not do it well，_ Adid she do Bnor did he Cneither did he DB or C 7_，they would certainly come and help us AHad they time BDid th

30、ey have time CHad they have time DDid they time 8It was hot yesterday_ AIt was so BSo was it CSo it was DSo is it C. 讓步狀語從句它們由下列詞來引導：although，though，even though，even if，no matter，however。有時也可以使用whatever。as也可以，但是只限于形容詞asbe結構。AlthoughThoughEven thoughEven if you dont like him you can still be polite 盡

31、管即使縱然即使你不喜歡他，你仍可有禮貌一些。No matter what you do，dont touch this switch 無論怎樣，都別碰這個按鈕。However rich people are，they always seem anxious to make more mon ey 無論人們多么富有，他們似乎總還渴望賺到更多的錢。However carefully you drive，you will probably have an accident eventual ly 無論你開車多小心，最后你大概還會出車禍。Whatever you do，dont tell him th

32、at I told you this 無論如何，別跟他說這件事是我告訴你的。Patient as he was，he had no intention of waiting for three hours哪怕他再有耐心，也不打算等上三個小時。may動詞原形可用于假設情況：However frightened you may be yourself，you must remain outwardly calm 無論你有多害怕，外表上你仍要保持冷靜。may含有I accept the fact that（我接受這一事實）的意思：But hes your brother！ He may be my

33、brother but I dont trust him！ 可他是你的兄弟！盡管他是我的兄弟，可我不信任他！但may這樣用時，是另一主句的一部分，并不屬于讓步從句之列。should動詞原形結構可用于even if之后，正如用于條件句的if之后一樣，用來表示should后面的動詞原形所指的動作不太可能發生：Even if he should find out he wont do anything about it 即便他發現了，他也不會采取什么行動的。比較從句A 形容詞和限定動詞連用時的比較：Its darker today than it was yesterday 今天比昨天天色昏暗。He

34、 doesnt pay as much tax as we doas us 他沒我們交的稅款多。He spends more than he earns 他花的比掙的多。注意：that形容詞是一種口語形式，表示“那么”：Will it cost100？ No，it wont cost as much as（all）thatIt wont be（all）that expen siveIt wont be as expensive as that 要花100英鎊嗎？不，花不了那么多。沒那么貴。that形容詞結構有時用于口語中表示very（很）的意思。B 副詞和限定動詞連用時的比較（參見第31節至第

35、34節）：He didnt play as well as we expectedas well as you（did） 他打得不如我們預料的好你打得好。He sings more loudly than anyone Ive ever heardthan anyone else （does） 他唱得比我聽到的任何人唱得都響比任何人都聲音響。You work harder than he doesthan himthan I did at your age 你比他干得賣勁我在你這個年齡時干得賣勁。C 形容詞和不定式或動名詞連用時的比較：通常兩者都可使用，但動詞不定式常常用于特定的動作，動名詞則

36、用于一般情況（參見下面E）：Its sometimes as cheap to buy a new one as（it is）（to）repair the old one Buying a new one is sometimes as cheap as repairing the old one 有時買一個新的跟修理舊的一樣便宜。He found that lying on the beach was just as boring as sitting in his office He found lying on the beach just as boring as sitting et

37、c 他發現躺在沙灘上和坐在辦公室里一樣沒趣煩人。He thinks it（is）safer to drive himself than（to）let me drive He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive 他認為自己開車要比讓我開車更安全些。It will soon be more difficult to get a visa than it is now Getting a visa will soon be more difficult than it is now 不久之后，簽證會比現在更難拿到。D

38、上面C所述的這種比較句式中，如asthan前面用的是動詞原形，則常在asthan后面用動詞原形而不用動名詞。與此相同，如asthan前面用的是動名詞，則在其后面一般也使用動名詞，而不用動詞原形，見前面的例子。位于asthan之前的限定動詞thisthatwhich后面多跟動名詞，雖也可跟動詞不定式：Ill deliver it by hand；this will be cheaper than posting it 我自己送過去，這樣比郵寄要便宜。He cleaned his shoes，which was better than doing nothing 他把自己的鞋擦了，這總比無事可做好

39、。E 動詞原形與would rathersooner連用（參見第297與第298節）：Most people would rather work than starve 多數人寧可工作也不愿挨餓。I would resign rather than accept him as a partner 我寧可辭職也不愿接受他為合伙人。時間從句A 時間從句由下列表示時間的連詞來引導：after immediately tilluntil as nosoonerthan when as soon as since whenever before the sooner while hardlywhen 時

40、間從句也可由the minute，the moment,when，as，while, before來引導。B 請留意，時間從句中不用將來時態或條件時態。1 如將下列將來時態放入時間從句中，須將它變為一般時態。一般將來時：Youll be back soonIll stay till then 你會很快回來，我一直等到那時。相當于：Ill stay till you get back 我一直等到你回來。be going to形式：The parachutist is going to jumpSoon after he jumps his parachute will open 跳傘運動員要往下

41、跳。他剛跳之后不久，降落傘就會打開。現在進行時用做一般將來時和將來進行時：Hes arrivingHell be arriving at six 他將在6點到。但是：When he arrives hell tell us all about the match 等他到了，他會好好給我們講講那場比賽。Before he arrives Ill give the children their tea 在他來到之前，我會給孩子們吃茶點的。如進行時態表示某一行動在繼續，則其完全可以用在表示時間的從句中：Peter and John will be playingare playingare going to play tennis tonightWhile they are playing（during this time）well go to the beach今晚彼得和約翰要去打網球。他們打球時，我們將去海濱。2 在時間從句中，將來完成時變為現在完成時，將來完成進行時變為現在完成進行時：Ill have finished in the bathroom in a few minute