1、2021/6/161Chapter 122021/6/162Taking Cultural Values to Work Large and small Power DistanceIndividualism VS CollectivismMasculinity VS FemininityStrong and weak Uncertainty Avoidance2021/6/163Key Words Studycollectivistic culture集體主義文化集體主義文化 individualistic culture個人主義文化個人主義文化 relation關(guān)系關(guān)系independen

2、ce獨立獨立 equality平等平等personal interest個人利益?zhèn)€人利益2021/6/164Individualist CulturePK Collectivist Culture 2021/6/165PK 1Individualist Culture (liberalism): individuals tend to define themselves by the extent to which they are different from, rather than similar to other. People are encouraged to display se

3、lf-confidence and Assertiveness(自信自信), disclosure（披露）（披露） of personal thoughts and feelings. Collectivist culture (Confucianism): places little value on individual identity and great value on group identity. Going ones own way is not valued; uniformity and conformity are stressed.2021/6/166PK 2I cul

4、tureWE cultureopen discussion of disagreement are valued forms of talkopenly speaking ones mind appears distastefulseek the notice of others; affirm their uniquenessopen expression risks faceguarding privacy; valuing freedom to do and think whatever they choosethe right to privacy in the sense of fr

5、eedom is not recognizedlive life guided only by principles such as equality and noninterferenceones business is also the business of the group; friends should be concerned with each others personal matters2021/6/167Five Basic Themes in Individualist Culture1. There is a tendency for foreigners to tr

6、eat strangers as equals, seen in the politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their willingness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. 2. There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners needs for their own privacy and autonomy a

7、nd in the freedom they give to children. 3. There is a lack of inhibition (壓抑壓抑) on the part of foreigners in terms of expressive behaviors, seen in their lack of concern about drawing attention to themselves and their willingness to disclose feelings and emotions. 4. There is a lack of understandin

8、g if the reciprocal bonds and duties that regulate in-group members, found in foreigners casual attitudes towards hospitality. 5. There is a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual intimacy. PK 32021/6/168Relative Case 2021/6/169 Wang Lin wore a newly bought coat to work. On the way

9、, she met with a former customer from the U.K, Lindon Jackson. Lindon complimented her for her beautiful clothes: Lindon: Oh, you looks gorgeous on this coat, Wang! Case2021/6/1610Wang: Not so beautiful. It costs only 100 Yuan. (In fact, it was worth 250 Yuan) Lindon: Oh, really. Where did you get i

10、t. I want to buy one for my wife. Wang: uh. Case2021/6/1611Case Analysis(案例分析案例分析)2021/6/1612Case Analysis This is a typical cross-cultural case based on verbal communication. Wang Lin comes from a collectivistic culture which stresses self-denigration（詆（詆毀）毀）. Lindon Jackson comes from an individua

11、listic culture which features assertiveness. 2021/6/1613Case AnalysisWang Lin, who wore a newly bought coat, met Lindon Jackson on her way to work. When Lindon Jackson complimented Wang Lin on her coat, Wang Lin reacted by saying that her coat was not so beautiful since she, as a collectivist, is ac

12、customed to belittle（輕視） everything related to her. 2021/6/1614Case AnalysisHer responses towards compliments are unquestionably appropriated between collectivists. Unlike Wang Lin, Lindon Jackson places great value on assertiveness and is encouraged to express personal thoughts and feelings freely.

13、 2021/6/1615Case AnalysisHe, therefore, would inquiry about where to buy the coat and finally led Wang Lin into the dilemma.2021/6/1616Suggestion /Solution(解決方案解決方案)2021/6/1617Suggestion & Solution To avoid miscommunication, Wang Lin and Lindon Jackson should learn more about each others culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly. Lindon Jackson could repeat his compliment by saying “it